Butterflies of Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai — butterfly capital of Russia

Primorsky Krai is the absolute leader among regions of Russia in butterfly species number. More than 200 day-flying Lepidoptera — the result of unique geography at the overlap of several biogeographic zones. Manchurian, Japanese, Korean, and Siberian faunas meet here, creating extraordinary diversity.

Unique fauna of the Russian Far East

Swallowtails

The most impressive butterflies of Primorye are large swallowtails found nowhere else in Russia:

• Maack’s swallowtail (Papilio maackii) — Russia’s largest swallowtail with an emerald sheen on the wings. Wingspan up to 10 cm.
• Alcinous swallowtail (Papilio alcinous) — black with scarlet spots, high-mountain forests
• Menetries’ swallowtail — endemic subspecies with rich coloration

Nymphalids

The richest family in Primorye. Species of the genus Neptis, numerous fritillaries, checkerspots, and emperors occur here. Some species are found only in Primorye.

Underwing moths with blue hindwings

Several nocturnal species of the family Catocala with blue hindwings are a true landmark of Primorye.

Best observation sites

Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve — the best protected and richest territory. The species list exceeds 150 day-flying forms.

Zov Tigra National Park — cedar–broadleaf forests of the Ussuri valley, accessible to tourists.

Vicinity of Lazo — rich meadows and forest edges in river valleys.

Khasan District — southwestern Primorye with subtropical faunal elements.

Protected species

Several species are listed in the Red Data Book of Russia and the Red Data Book of Primorsky Krai:

• Alcinous swallowtail — one of Russia’s most beautiful swallowtails
• Kurentsov’s blue — Far Eastern endemic
• Several species of the genus Parnassius in the mountain part

Seasonal calendar

For comparison with European fauna see butterfly families and swallowtails.