Butterflies of Canada
Butterflies of Canada: overview
Canada has one of the world's harshest climates, yet butterfly fauna is richer than might be expected: about 300 species of day-flying butterflies are recorded. Biodiversity is concentrated in southern provinces, while specialized arctic and subarctic species occur in the north.
Diversity zones
Southern Ontario
The richest region: more than 160 species. Monarch migration passes through here; meadow nymphalids and blues occur. Point Pelee Peninsula is a key site for observing autumn migration.
British Columbia
Mountain ranges and the Pacific coast create diverse biotopes. On alpine meadows of the Rocky Mountains flies Smith's parnassian (Parnassius smintheus) — a small white butterfly with red spots.
Arctic provinces
In the tundra of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, specialized species fly: fritillaries, arctic satyrs of the genus Oeneis, and Colias sulphurs. Their season lasts only 6–8 weeks.
Monarch in Canada
Monarchs arrive in Canada in late May–early June. Main breeding areas are southern meadows with milkweed. In autumn, mass departure begins through Ontario and the Great Lakes shore south to Mexico.