[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":533},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa":85,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":118,"section-listing:disabled":492,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz":493,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa|\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy":500,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":504},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":65,"coverImage":66,"description":67,"extension":68,"family":69,"familySlug":70,"faq":71,"hostPlants":78,"imagePrompt":83,"latinName":26,"meta":84,"navigation":85,"order":86,"pageType":87,"path":88,"publishedAt":89,"readingMinutes":90,"relatedLinks":91,"relatedSpecies":98,"season":106,"seo":107,"sitemap":110,"stem":111,"tags":112,"updatedAt":86,"wingspanMm":116,"__hash__":117},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.md","Comma",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":58},"minimark",[9,14,28,35,39,42,45,49,52,55],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"comma"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Polygonia c-album",") is a medium butterfly with a wingspan of 42–52 mm. The most recognizable feature is strongly scalloped, \"ragged\" wing margins with angular projections. The upper side is orange-brown with dark spots.",[15,29,30,31,34],{},"The underside is dark brown with gray speckling — ideal camouflage on bark or a dead leaf. On the underside of the hindwings a white curved mark shaped like a comma (letter \"C\") is clearly visible — hence the species name ",[24,32,33],{},"c-album"," (\"white C\").",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,40,41],{},"Widely distributed in Europe and temperate Asia. In Russia from the western border to Siberia.",[15,43,44],{},"It lives on forest edges, river banks, in gardens and parks. It prefers partial shade with alternating open sunny patches.",[10,46,48],{"id":47},"life-cycle","Life cycle",[15,50,51],{},"In central Russia 2–3 generations per year. Imago overwinters. Overwintered adults appear in March. The summer generation (July–August) is less contrasted and looks \"faded.\"",[15,53,54],{},"Eggs are laid singly on the upper side of host leaves. Young caterpillars are dark; older ones have a white dorsal patch resembling bird droppings. Pupa angular, brown with golden spots.",[15,56,57],{},"Interestingly, there are two seasonal morphs of the summer generation — a light form (similar to the autumn form) and a dark (\"hutchinsoni\") form that breeds immediately, while the light form enters overwintering.",{"title":59,"searchDepth":60,"depth":60,"links":61},"",2,[62,63,64],{"id":12,"depth":60,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":60,"text":38},{"id":47,"depth":60,"text":48},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","md","Nymphalidae","nimfalidy",[72,75],{"q":73,"a":74},"What does 'C-album' mean in the scientific name?","'C-album' means 'white letter C'. On the underside of the hindwings a white mark shaped like a comma or letter C is clearly visible — a hallmark of the species. In English the butterfly is called comma because of this mark.",{"q":76,"a":77},"Why does the comma have 'ragged' wing edges?","Uneven wing margins are an adaptation for camouflage. When the butterfly sits with wings folded on bark or leaves, the brown-gray underside and ragged outline make it look like a piece of dry leaf or bark.",[79,80,81,82],"Stinging nettle","Hop","Currant","Elm","Photorealistic macro photography, Polygonia c-album comma butterfly with ragged wing edges resting on bark, orange-brown wings with dark markings and distinctive ragged outline, visible C-shaped white mark on underside, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","01.05.2026",1,[92,95],{"label":93,"path":94},"Small Tortoiseshell","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa",{"label":96,"path":97},"Family Nymphalidae","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy",[99,100,103],{"label":93,"path":94},{"label":101,"path":102},"Large Tortoiseshell","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa",{"label":104,"path":105},"Peacock","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","March — October",{"title":108,"description":109},"Comma Butterfly — Photos, Description","Comma (Polygonia c-album): description, photos, characteristic comma mark on wings, ragged margins, host plants.",{"loc":88},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa",[113,114,115],"nymphalids","day-flying butterflies","butterflies of Russia","42-52","n5aUXm5Z2-XEgqRzRgOamh-ggVy-jPtBFrGoQSZvJWM",[119,124,129,134,140,146,151,157,162,168,174,179,184,185,191,196,201,207,212,217,222,227,232,238,243,248,253,258,263,268,273,276,281,286,291,296,302,307,313,318,323,328,333,339,344,349,354,359,362,368,374,380,385,391,396,401,406,411,416,421,426,431,436,442,447,452,455,460,465,470,475,481,486],{"title":120,"description":121,"path":122,"coverImage":123,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg",{"title":125,"description":126,"path":127,"coverImage":128,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":130,"description":131,"path":132,"coverImage":133,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":135,"description":136,"path":137,"coverImage":138,"publishedAt":139,"order":86},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":141,"description":142,"path":143,"coverImage":144,"publishedAt":145,"order":86},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":147,"description":148,"path":149,"coverImage":150,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":152,"description":153,"path":154,"coverImage":155,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":158,"description":159,"path":160,"coverImage":161,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":163,"description":164,"path":165,"coverImage":166,"publishedAt":167,"order":86},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":169,"description":170,"path":171,"coverImage":172,"publishedAt":173,"order":86},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":175,"description":176,"path":177,"coverImage":178,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":180,"description":181,"path":182,"coverImage":183,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":5,"description":67,"path":88,"coverImage":66,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},{"title":186,"description":187,"path":188,"coverImage":189,"publishedAt":190,"order":86},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":192,"description":193,"path":194,"coverImage":195,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":197,"description":198,"path":199,"coverImage":200,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":202,"description":203,"path":204,"coverImage":205,"publishedAt":206,"order":86},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":208,"description":209,"path":210,"coverImage":211,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":213,"description":214,"path":215,"coverImage":216,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":218,"description":219,"path":220,"coverImage":221,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":223,"description":224,"path":225,"coverImage":226,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":228,"description":229,"path":230,"coverImage":231,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":233,"description":234,"path":235,"coverImage":236,"publishedAt":237,"order":86},"Great Peacock Moth","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":239,"description":240,"path":241,"coverImage":242,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":244,"description":245,"path":246,"coverImage":247,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":249,"description":250,"path":251,"coverImage":252,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":254,"description":255,"path":256,"coverImage":257,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":259,"description":260,"path":261,"coverImage":262,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":264,"description":265,"path":266,"coverImage":267,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":269,"description":270,"path":271,"coverImage":272,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":101,"description":274,"path":102,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":282,"description":283,"path":284,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":287,"description":288,"path":289,"coverImage":290,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":292,"description":293,"path":294,"coverImage":295,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":297,"description":298,"path":299,"coverImage":300,"publishedAt":301,"order":86},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":303,"description":304,"path":305,"coverImage":306,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":308,"description":309,"path":310,"coverImage":311,"publishedAt":312,"order":86},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":314,"description":315,"path":316,"coverImage":317,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":319,"description":320,"path":321,"coverImage":322,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":324,"description":325,"path":326,"coverImage":327,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":329,"description":330,"path":331,"coverImage":332,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":334,"description":335,"path":336,"coverImage":337,"publishedAt":338,"order":86},"Oleander Hawkmoth","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":340,"description":341,"path":342,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":345,"description":346,"path":347,"coverImage":348,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":350,"description":351,"path":352,"coverImage":353,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":355,"description":356,"path":357,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":104,"description":360,"path":105,"coverImage":361,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":367,"order":86},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":369,"description":370,"path":371,"coverImage":372,"publishedAt":373,"order":86},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":375,"description":376,"path":377,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":379,"order":86},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":381,"description":382,"path":383,"coverImage":384,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":386,"description":387,"path":388,"coverImage":389,"publishedAt":390,"order":86},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":392,"description":393,"path":394,"coverImage":395,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":397,"description":398,"path":399,"coverImage":400,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":402,"description":403,"path":404,"coverImage":405,"publishedAt":156,"order":86},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":407,"description":408,"path":409,"coverImage":410,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":417,"description":418,"path":419,"coverImage":420,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":422,"description":423,"path":424,"coverImage":425,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":427,"description":428,"path":429,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":437,"description":438,"path":439,"coverImage":440,"publishedAt":441,"order":86},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":93,"description":453,"path":94,"coverImage":454,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":461,"description":462,"path":463,"coverImage":464,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":466,"description":467,"path":468,"coverImage":469,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":480,"order":86},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":482,"description":483,"path":484,"coverImage":485,"publishedAt":89,"order":86},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":487,"description":488,"path":489,"coverImage":490,"publishedAt":491,"order":86},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[494,496,498],{"label":93,"path":94,"coverImage":454,"latinName":495},"Aglais urticae",{"label":101,"path":102,"coverImage":275,"latinName":497},"Nymphalis polychloros",{"label":104,"path":105,"coverImage":361,"latinName":499},"Aglais io",[501,502],{"label":93,"path":94,"coverImage":454,"latinName":495},{"label":96,"path":97,"coverImage":503,"latinName":69},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy.png",[505,510,515,521,527],{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":89,"order":90},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":511,"description":512,"path":513,"coverImage":514,"publishedAt":89,"order":60},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"title":516,"description":517,"path":518,"coverImage":519,"publishedAt":89,"order":520},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",3,{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":89,"order":526},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":528,"description":529,"path":530,"coverImage":531,"publishedAt":89,"order":532},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125906218]