[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":689},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya":231,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":269,"section-listing:disabled":643,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza":644,"related-covers:en:\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy|\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya|\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya":651,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":659},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":207,"coverImage":208,"description":209,"extension":210,"family":211,"familySlug":212,"faq":213,"hostPlants":223,"imagePrompt":228,"latinName":229,"meta":230,"navigation":231,"order":232,"pageType":233,"path":234,"publishedAt":235,"readingMinutes":200,"relatedLinks":236,"relatedSpecies":253,"season":261,"seo":262,"sitemap":265,"stem":266,"tags":232,"updatedAt":232,"wingspanMm":267,"__hash__":268},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.md","Pearl Heath",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":198},"minimark",[9,14,23,44,55,58,62,73,80,106,109,113,124,163,169,173,176,183,187],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"The pearl heath is a small to medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of 33–40 mm. In resting posture — the wings invariably closed — the ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"hindwing underside"," provides the clearest identification features:",[24,25,26,34,41],"ul",{},[27,28,29,30,33],"li",{},"A broad ",[19,31,32],{},"white or pale cream postdiscal stripe"," running across the outer half of the hindwing",[27,35,36,37,40],{},"Within the white band, a row of ",[19,38,39],{},"five to six black eyespots",", each surrounded by an orange-yellow ring and tipped with a silver-white pupil",[27,42,43],{},"The inner hindwing is grey-brown; the outer margin beyond the eyespots is grey, often with a faint violet sheen in fresh individuals",[15,45,46,47,50,51,54],{},"The ",[19,48,49],{},"upperwing"," is plain ",[19,52,53],{},"orange-tawny"," with a dark grey border, slightly darker in females. Unlike its close relative the small heath, there are no eyespots visible on the upperwing. The forewing underside is orange-buff with a small apical eyespot.",[15,56,57],{},"Males are somewhat brighter than females; worn individuals lose the silver pupils from the eyespots and the white band fades to pale buff.",[10,59,61],{"id":60},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,63,64,65,68,69,72],{},"The pearl heath occurs from ",[19,66,67],{},"northern Spain and France"," east through the Alps, Apennines, Balkans, and Anatolia to the ",[19,70,71],{},"Caucasus and northern Iran",". It is absent from the British Isles, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia; the northern range limit runs roughly through northern Germany and Poland.",[15,74,75,76,79],{},"The species is essentially a ",[19,77,78],{},"woodland-edge specialist",". It thrives in:",[24,81,82,88,94,100],{},[27,83,84,87],{},[19,85,86],{},"Sunny rides and glades"," in deciduous and mixed woodland, especially on calcareous soils",[27,89,90,93],{},[19,91,92],{},"Scrubby grasslands"," where bracken, bramble, or hazel provide partial shade at the margins",[27,95,96,99],{},[19,97,98],{},"Coppice woodland"," where the regular cutting cycle creates a shifting mosaic of open and shaded ground",[27,101,102,105],{},[19,103,104],{},"Wood pastures"," and traditionally managed forest edges in Central Europe",[15,107,108],{},"It avoids continuously shaded forest interiors and heavily grazed or fertilised grasslands. Warm, sheltered south-facing slopes with a mixture of grass and scrub are consistently the best sites.",[10,110,112],{"id":111},"life-cycle","Life cycle",[15,114,115,116,119,120,123],{},"The pearl heath is ",[19,117,118],{},"single-brooded",", with adults flying from ",[19,121,122],{},"mid-June to late July"," (late May to June at lower elevations in southern parts of the range; July to early August in the Alps above 1,000 m).",[15,125,126,129,130,133,134,137,138,142,143,137,146,142,149,137,152,155,156,137,159,162],{},[19,127,128],{},"Eggs"," are laid singly on grass blades, usually on shaded plants at the woodland margin. The ",[19,131,132],{},"caterpillar"," is green with a pale lateral stripe, cryptically matching the grass leaves on which it feeds. It overwinters when half-grown, typically among the leaf litter at the base of the host plant, and completes feeding in spring. Host grasses include ",[19,135,136],{},"upright brome"," (",[139,140,141],"em",{},"Brachypodium pinnatum","), ",[19,144,145],{},"sheep's fescue",[139,147,148],{},"Festuca ovina",[19,150,151],{},"wood melick",[139,153,154],{},"Melica uniflora","), and ",[19,157,158],{},"wood millet",[139,160,161],{},"Milium effusum",").",[15,164,46,165,168],{},[19,166,167],{},"pupa"," forms at the base of a grass stem or in low vegetation in early June. The adult emerges after two to three weeks.",[10,170,172],{"id":171},"behaviour","Behaviour",[15,174,175],{},"Adults are most active on sunny, calm days. Males perch prominently on grass stems, bracken fronds, or low shrub branches, making short sallying flights to intercept females or rival males. Both sexes feed avidly on nectar — bramble blossom, wild marjoram, and field scabious are especially favoured where they occur at woodland margins.",[15,177,178,179,182],{},"The pearl heath is a ",[19,180,181],{},"sedentary species",". Most individuals remain within a patch of suitable habitat of a few hectares throughout their short adult life. This localisation makes populations in isolated fragments — a single woodland ride, a small calcareous meadow enclosed by arable land — very vulnerable: once lost, recolonisation rarely occurs without deliberate management to create connecting habitat.",[10,184,186],{"id":185},"conservation","Conservation",[15,188,189,190,193,194,197],{},"The species is listed ",[19,191,192],{},"Least Concern"," (LC) globally. In Central Europe it remains widespread, though regional trends show contraction at the northern and western edges of its range. The key management prescription is ",[19,195,196],{},"maintaining structured woodland edges",": rides should be cut on a rotation so that at any point some sections are open and sun-drenched while others offer adjacent shade. Overgrown rides with complete canopy closure, and rides mown uniformly each year, both fail the species. Where calcareous grassland adjoins woodland, traditional low-intensity grazing or hay-cutting maintains the sward structure the caterpillars require.",{"title":199,"searchDepth":200,"depth":200,"links":201},"",2,[202,203,204,205,206],{"id":12,"depth":200,"text":13},{"id":60,"depth":200,"text":61},{"id":111,"depth":200,"text":112},{"id":171,"depth":200,"text":172},{"id":185,"depth":200,"text":186},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","md","Nymphalidae","nimfalidy",[214,217,220],{"q":215,"a":216},"How do I identify the pearl heath?","The pearl heath is best identified from the underside of the hindwing, which shows a broad white or pale cream postdiscal band separating the brown inner wing from the grey outer margin. Within the pale band runs a row of small black eyespots, each ringed with orange and with a white or silver pupil — usually five or six spots. The upperwing is plain orange-brown with a narrow dark border; unlike the small heath (C. pamphilus), the upperwing lacks eyespots on the forewing. The combination of the white hindwing stripe and the eyespot row makes this species unmistakable among European Coenonympha.",{"q":218,"a":219},"Where does the pearl heath live?","The pearl heath favours transitional habitats between grassland and woodland — sunny rides through deciduous forest, bracken-covered hillsides, scrubby calcareous meadows, and clearings in light woodland. It avoids both dense shaded forest and fully open agricultural grassland. The species is found from France and northern Spain east through Central Europe, the Balkans, and Anatolia to the Caucasus. It is absent from the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the Mediterranean islands. In the Alps it occurs from valley floors up to about 1,500 m.",{"q":221,"a":222},"Is the pearl heath declining?","The pearl heath is listed as Least Concern globally, but it has contracted from parts of its range in northwest Europe over the past 30–40 years. The primary cause is the loss of structurally diverse woodland-edge habitat: modern forestry tends to create dense, even-aged stands without sunny rides, while scrub clearance removes the transitional zone between forest and open grassland that the species needs. Populations on well-managed nature reserves with rotational ride-cutting remain stable. The species is still widespread and locally common in Central and Southern Europe.",[224,225,226,227],"Upright brome (Brachypodium pinnatum)","Wood millet (Milium effusum)","Sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina)","Wood melick (Melica uniflora)","Photorealistic macro photography, Coenonympha arcania pearl heath butterfly with wings closed showing grey-brown hindwing underside with white postdiscal stripe and orange-rimmed eyespots, perched on grass stem in dappled woodland edge light, green blurred background, 16:9","Coenonympha arcania",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","04.08.2026",[237,241,245,249],{"label":238,"path":239,"description":240},"Family Nymphalidae","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy","Brush-footed butterflies — the largest butterfly family",{"label":242,"path":243,"description":244},"Greece","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","Butterflies of Greece — rich Southern European fauna",{"label":246,"path":247,"description":248},"Meadows and steppes","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej","Butterflies of open grassland habitats",{"label":250,"path":251,"description":252},"Small Heath","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","The commonest Coenonympha of European grasslands",[254,255,258],{"label":250,"path":251},{"label":256,"path":257},"Arran Brown","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka",{"label":259,"path":260},"Woodland Ringlet","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","June — July",{"title":263,"description":264},"Pearl Heath (Coenonympha arcania) — Identification, Habitat, Range","Pearl heath butterfly: white hindwing stripe and eyespots, woodland edges and scrubby grasslands from France to the Caucasus. Identification guide, ecology, and conservation status.",{"loc":234},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","33–40","VpjnXMDcCGy7IyKMfqGGArPQk1FqBA2u6v4uhcpuxLk",[270,276,281,284,290,296,301,307,312,318,324,329,334,339,345,350,355,361,366,371,376,381,386,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,427,432,437,442,447,452,458,463,469,474,479,484,489,495,500,505,510,515,520,521,527,533,538,544,549,554,559,564,569,574,579,584,589,595,598,603,608,613,618,623,628,634,639],{"title":271,"description":272,"path":273,"coverImage":274,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg","01.05.2026",{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":256,"description":282,"path":257,"coverImage":283,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":285,"description":286,"path":287,"coverImage":288,"publishedAt":289,"order":232},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":291,"description":292,"path":293,"coverImage":294,"publishedAt":295,"order":232},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":297,"description":298,"path":299,"coverImage":300,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":302,"description":303,"path":304,"coverImage":305,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":308,"description":309,"path":310,"coverImage":311,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":317,"order":232},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":319,"description":320,"path":321,"coverImage":322,"publishedAt":323,"order":232},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":325,"description":326,"path":327,"coverImage":328,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":330,"description":331,"path":332,"coverImage":333,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":335,"description":336,"path":337,"coverImage":338,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":340,"description":341,"path":342,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":344,"order":232},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":346,"description":347,"path":348,"coverImage":349,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":351,"description":352,"path":353,"coverImage":354,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":356,"description":357,"path":358,"coverImage":359,"publishedAt":360,"order":232},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":362,"description":363,"path":364,"coverImage":365,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":367,"description":368,"path":369,"coverImage":370,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":382,"description":383,"path":384,"coverImage":385,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":391,"order":232},"Great Peacock Moth","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":403,"description":404,"path":405,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":433,"description":434,"path":435,"coverImage":436,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":438,"description":439,"path":440,"coverImage":441,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":457,"order":232},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":464,"description":465,"path":466,"coverImage":467,"publishedAt":468,"order":232},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":470,"description":471,"path":472,"coverImage":473,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":490,"description":491,"path":492,"coverImage":493,"publishedAt":494,"order":232},"Oleander Hawkmoth","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":496,"description":497,"path":498,"coverImage":499,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":511,"description":512,"path":513,"coverImage":514,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":516,"description":517,"path":518,"coverImage":519,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Peacock","The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":5,"description":209,"path":234,"coverImage":208,"publishedAt":235,"order":232},{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":526,"order":232},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":528,"description":529,"path":530,"coverImage":531,"publishedAt":532,"order":232},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":534,"description":535,"path":536,"coverImage":537,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":539,"description":540,"path":541,"coverImage":542,"publishedAt":543,"order":232},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":545,"description":546,"path":547,"coverImage":548,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":550,"description":551,"path":552,"coverImage":553,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":555,"description":556,"path":557,"coverImage":558,"publishedAt":306,"order":232},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":560,"description":561,"path":562,"coverImage":563,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":565,"description":566,"path":567,"coverImage":568,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":570,"description":571,"path":572,"coverImage":573,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":575,"description":576,"path":577,"coverImage":578,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":580,"description":581,"path":582,"coverImage":583,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":585,"description":586,"path":587,"coverImage":588,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":594,"order":232},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":250,"description":596,"path":251,"coverImage":597,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":599,"description":600,"path":601,"coverImage":602,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":604,"description":605,"path":606,"coverImage":607,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":609,"description":610,"path":611,"coverImage":612,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":614,"description":615,"path":616,"coverImage":617,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":619,"description":620,"path":621,"coverImage":622,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":633,"order":232},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":275,"order":232},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":259,"description":640,"path":260,"coverImage":641,"publishedAt":642,"order":232},"The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[645,647,649],{"label":250,"path":251,"coverImage":597,"latinName":646},"Coenonympha pamphilus",{"label":256,"path":257,"coverImage":283,"latinName":648},"Erebia ligea",{"label":259,"path":260,"coverImage":641,"latinName":650},"Erebia medusa",[652,654,656,658],{"label":238,"path":239,"description":240,"coverImage":653,"latinName":211},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy.png",{"label":242,"path":243,"description":244,"coverImage":655,"latinName":232},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png",{"label":246,"path":247,"description":248,"coverImage":657,"latinName":232},"\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej.png",{"label":250,"path":251,"description":252,"coverImage":597,"latinName":646},[660,666,671,677,683],{"title":661,"description":662,"path":663,"coverImage":664,"publishedAt":275,"order":665},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",1,{"title":667,"description":668,"path":669,"coverImage":670,"publishedAt":275,"order":200},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"title":672,"description":673,"path":674,"coverImage":675,"publishedAt":275,"order":676},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",3,{"title":678,"description":679,"path":680,"coverImage":681,"publishedAt":275,"order":682},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":684,"description":685,"path":686,"coverImage":687,"publishedAt":275,"order":688},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125902316]