[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":618},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh":162,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":202,"section-listing:disabled":576,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz":577,"related-covers:en:\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy|\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":584,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":589},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":105,"coverImage":141,"description":142,"extension":143,"family":144,"familySlug":145,"faq":146,"hostPlants":156,"imagePrompt":160,"latinName":26,"meta":161,"navigation":162,"order":163,"pageType":164,"path":165,"publishedAt":166,"readingMinutes":167,"relatedLinks":168,"relatedSpecies":180,"season":190,"seo":191,"sitemap":194,"stem":195,"tags":196,"updatedAt":163,"wingspanMm":200,"__hash__":201},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.md","Monarch",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":130},"minimark",[9,14,28,31,34,38,41,44,48,55,58,66,70,73,77,80,92,96,107,110,114],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"monarch"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Danaus plexippus",") is one of the world's most recognizable butterflies with a wingspan of 86–102 mm. The upper side of the wings is a rich orange with a broad black border and white spots along the margins. Black veins clearly divide the wing into cells. The forewings are more elongated and angular than in most nymphalids.",[15,29,30],{},"The male is distinguished by scent scales — a dark \"androconal patch\" on the hindwings. Females are slightly larger with broader black veining. The underside is paler: pale orange with the same white spots.",[15,32,33],{},"The young caterpillar is creamy white with black stripes. The mature caterpillar is banded, black and white with yellow rings and a pair of black filamentous appendages front and rear. The chrysalis is vivid green with a golden rim — one of the most beautiful in the world.",[10,35,37],{"id":36},"range-and-habitat","Range and habitat",[15,39,40],{},"The monarch is native to North and Central America but has spread to almost the entire tropical belt: it lives in Australia, Hawaii, the Canary Islands, Western Europe (rare vagrant), and New Zealand. In North America it breeds from southern Canada to Mexico.",[15,42,43],{},"It prefers open areas with milkweed: meadows, clearings, roadsides, gardens. For overwintering it gathers in mountain fir forests of central Mexico at 2,400–3,600 m elevation.",[10,45,47],{"id":46},"migration","Migration",[15,49,50,51,54],{},"The monarch's migration is one of nature's greatest spectacles. Every autumn the eastern population (numbering up to several hundred million individuals) flies from Canada and the USA to the mountains of Michoacán state. Butterflies navigate by the position of the sun and the Earth's magnetic field. A single route covers up to ",[19,52,53],{},"4,500 km",".",[15,56,57],{},"In spring the butterflies fly north again, but through successive generations: the first generation reaches Texas, lays eggs and dies. The second and third generations continue northward to Canada. In autumn a special \"super-generation\" with an extended lifespan (up to 8 months) makes the full journey south.",[15,59,60,61,54],{},"The western population (California, Arizona) overwinters over short distances — hundreds of kilometres, not thousands like the eastern one. These two migratory systems evolved independently over millions of years. The overwintering forests in Michoacán, Mexico, where millions of monarchs gather, have become one of the main ecotourism and research destinations in the ",[62,63,65],"a",{"href":64},"\u002Fen\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","North America atlas",[10,67,69],{"id":68},"life-cycle","Life cycle",[15,71,72],{},"The female lays eggs singly on the underside of milkweed leaves. The caterpillar develops over 9–14 days, passing through 5 instars and consuming large quantities of leaves — along with their toxic cardenolides. The chrysalis hangs for about 10 days, after which the adult emerges. Summer generations live 2–5 weeks; the autumn \"super-generation\" lives up to 8 months.",[10,74,76],{"id":75},"chemical-defence","Chemical defence",[15,78,79],{},"Cardenolides from milkweed make the monarch unpleasant-tasting and toxic to many vertebrates. The vivid orange-and-black coloration is aposematic (warning): predators learn to avoid monarchs after a first attempt to eat one.",[15,81,82,83,86,87,91],{},"The related viceroy (",[24,84,85],{},"Limenitis archippus",") is also unpalatable: its resemblance to the monarch is a classic example of ",[62,88,90],{"href":89},"\u002Fen\u002Fslovar\u002Fmimikriya","Müllerian mimicry"," (Ritland & Brower, 1991), not Batesian mimicry.",[10,93,95],{"id":94},"conservation","Conservation",[15,97,98,99,102,103,106],{},"Since 11 December 2023 the ",[19,100,101],{},"migratory population"," of the monarch has held ",[19,104,105],{},"VU"," (Vulnerable) status under IUCN — a population assessment, not a species-wide EN listing. Over three decades the wintering eastern population has declined by approximately 85%. The main threats are destruction of milkweed by herbicides on agricultural land in the USA and Mexico, logging of overwintering forests in Michoacán, and climate change.",[15,108,109],{},"To conserve the species, programs to plant milkweed along migration corridors are active in the USA and Canada. The overwintering forests in Mexico were designated a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in 2008.",[10,111,113],{"id":112},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[115,116,117,121,124,127],"ul",{},[118,119,120],"li",{},"During autumn migration the monarch travels an average of 80–140 km per day, using rising thermal currents.",[118,122,123],{},"The \"super-generation\" is physiologically different from summer ones: it has developed fat reserves, suppressed reproduction, and extended lifespan.",[118,125,126],{},"In Australia the monarch lives as a resident: milkweed was introduced there and there is no need to migrate.",[118,128,129],{},"Migratory memory is genetically programmed — butterflies flying south for the first time have never seen the wintering grounds of their ancestors.",{"title":131,"searchDepth":132,"depth":132,"links":133},"",2,[134,135,136,137,138,139,140],{"id":12,"depth":132,"text":13},{"id":36,"depth":132,"text":37},{"id":46,"depth":132,"text":47},{"id":68,"depth":132,"text":69},{"id":75,"depth":132,"text":76},{"id":94,"depth":132,"text":95},{"id":112,"depth":132,"text":113},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","md","Nymphalidae","nimfalidy",[147,150,153],{"q":148,"a":149},"Where does the monarch go in winter?","Northern populations of the monarch migrate in autumn to mountain forests of Michoacán state in Mexico, where millions of butterflies shelter on oyamel fir trees. The eastern population flies up to 4,500 km from the Canadian Great Lakes to the Mexican mountains.",{"q":151,"a":152},"Why is the monarch on the Red List?","From 11 December 2023 the IUCN assesses the migratory monarch population as VU (Vulnerable), not the species as a whole as EN. Reasons: logging of overwintering forests in Mexico, destruction of milkweed by herbicides in the USA and Canada, and climate change shifting migration timing.",{"q":154,"a":155},"Is the monarch poisonous?","Yes. Caterpillars accumulate cardenolides (cardiac glycosides) from milkweed, which are retained in the adult. A bird that eats a monarch experiences vomiting and learns to avoid the warning coloration. The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) mimics the monarch.",[157,158,159],"Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)","Tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica)","Other Asclepias species","Photorealistic macro photography, Danaus plexippus monarch butterfly perched on orange milkweed flowers Asclepias tuberosa, vivid orange wings with bold black veins and white spots along wing margins, blurred green meadow background, warm golden afternoon light, shallow depth of field, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","24.06.2026",1,[169,172,176],{"label":144,"path":170,"description":171},"\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy","The family to which the monarch belongs",{"label":173,"path":174,"description":175},"Atlas — North America","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","Butterflies of North America",{"label":177,"path":178,"description":179},"Species catalogue","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy","All species in the atlas",[181,184,187],{"label":182,"path":183},"Mourning Cloak","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa",{"label":185,"path":186},"Red Admiral","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral",{"label":188,"path":189},"Peacock","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","Year-round (in tropics); migrations — March to November",{"title":192,"description":193},"Monarch Butterfly — Migration, Description, Conservation","Monarch (Danaus plexippus): orange migratory butterfly flying 4,500 km. VU status (migratory population), overwintering in Mexico, milkweed as host plant.",{"loc":165},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh",[197,46,198,199],"nymphalidae","tropical butterflies","North America","86-102","e9eHM0G7QV_kUcfSEt1r7rF_5PWWUOFnpploWfv4HfU",[203,209,214,219,225,231,236,241,246,252,258,263,268,273,279,284,289,295,300,305,310,315,320,326,331,336,341,346,351,356,361,366,371,376,381,386,392,397,403,404,407,412,417,423,428,433,438,443,446,452,458,464,469,475,480,485,490,495,498,503,508,513,518,524,529,534,539,544,549,554,559,565,570],{"title":204,"description":205,"path":206,"coverImage":207,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg","01.05.2026",{"title":210,"description":211,"path":212,"coverImage":213,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":215,"description":216,"path":217,"coverImage":218,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":220,"description":221,"path":222,"coverImage":223,"publishedAt":224,"order":163},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":226,"description":227,"path":228,"coverImage":229,"publishedAt":230,"order":163},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":232,"description":233,"path":234,"coverImage":235,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":237,"description":238,"path":239,"coverImage":240,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg",{"title":242,"description":243,"path":244,"coverImage":245,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":247,"description":248,"path":249,"coverImage":250,"publishedAt":251,"order":163},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":253,"description":254,"path":255,"coverImage":256,"publishedAt":257,"order":163},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":259,"description":260,"path":261,"coverImage":262,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":264,"description":265,"path":266,"coverImage":267,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":269,"description":270,"path":271,"coverImage":272,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":274,"description":275,"path":276,"coverImage":277,"publishedAt":278,"order":163},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":280,"description":281,"path":282,"coverImage":283,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":285,"description":286,"path":287,"coverImage":288,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":290,"description":291,"path":292,"coverImage":293,"publishedAt":294,"order":163},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":296,"description":297,"path":298,"coverImage":299,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":301,"description":302,"path":303,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":306,"description":307,"path":308,"coverImage":309,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":311,"description":312,"path":313,"coverImage":314,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":316,"description":317,"path":318,"coverImage":319,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":321,"description":322,"path":323,"coverImage":324,"publishedAt":325,"order":163},"Great Peacock Moth","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":327,"description":328,"path":329,"coverImage":330,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":332,"description":333,"path":334,"coverImage":335,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":337,"description":338,"path":339,"coverImage":340,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":342,"description":343,"path":344,"coverImage":345,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":347,"description":348,"path":349,"coverImage":350,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":352,"description":353,"path":354,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":357,"description":358,"path":359,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":362,"description":363,"path":364,"coverImage":365,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":367,"description":368,"path":369,"coverImage":370,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":382,"description":383,"path":384,"coverImage":385,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":391,"order":163},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":402,"order":163},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":142,"path":165,"coverImage":141,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},{"title":182,"description":405,"path":183,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":422,"order":163},"Oleander Hawkmoth","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":424,"description":425,"path":426,"coverImage":427,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":429,"description":430,"path":431,"coverImage":432,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":188,"description":444,"path":189,"coverImage":445,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":447,"description":448,"path":449,"coverImage":450,"publishedAt":451,"order":163},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":457,"order":163},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":463,"order":163},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":470,"description":471,"path":472,"coverImage":473,"publishedAt":474,"order":163},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":166,"order":163},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":491,"description":492,"path":493,"coverImage":494,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":185,"description":496,"path":186,"coverImage":497,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":499,"description":500,"path":501,"coverImage":502,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":504,"description":505,"path":506,"coverImage":507,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":509,"description":510,"path":511,"coverImage":512,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":514,"description":515,"path":516,"coverImage":517,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":519,"description":520,"path":521,"coverImage":522,"publishedAt":523,"order":163},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":525,"description":526,"path":527,"coverImage":528,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":530,"description":531,"path":532,"coverImage":533,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":535,"description":536,"path":537,"coverImage":538,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":540,"description":541,"path":542,"coverImage":543,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":545,"description":546,"path":547,"coverImage":548,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":550,"description":551,"path":552,"coverImage":553,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":555,"description":556,"path":557,"coverImage":558,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":560,"description":561,"path":562,"coverImage":563,"publishedAt":564,"order":163},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":566,"description":567,"path":568,"coverImage":569,"publishedAt":208,"order":163},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":571,"description":572,"path":573,"coverImage":574,"publishedAt":575,"order":163},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[578,580,582],{"label":182,"path":183,"coverImage":406,"latinName":579},"Nymphalis antiopa",{"label":185,"path":186,"coverImage":497,"latinName":581},"Vanessa atalanta",{"label":188,"path":189,"coverImage":445,"latinName":583},"Aglais io",[585,587],{"label":144,"path":170,"description":171,"coverImage":586,"latinName":144},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy.png",{"label":173,"path":174,"description":175,"coverImage":588,"latinName":163},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",[590,595,600,606,612],{"title":591,"description":592,"path":593,"coverImage":594,"publishedAt":208,"order":167},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":208,"order":132},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"title":601,"description":602,"path":603,"coverImage":604,"publishedAt":208,"order":605},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",3,{"title":607,"description":608,"path":609,"coverImage":610,"publishedAt":208,"order":611},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":208,"order":617},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125901806]