[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":585},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa":135,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":169,"section-listing:disabled":543,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa":544,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa|\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki":551,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":556},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":111,"coverImage":112,"description":113,"extension":114,"family":115,"familySlug":116,"faq":117,"hostPlants":127,"imagePrompt":133,"latinName":26,"meta":134,"navigation":135,"order":136,"pageType":137,"path":138,"publishedAt":139,"readingMinutes":140,"relatedLinks":141,"relatedSpecies":151,"season":157,"seo":158,"sitemap":161,"stem":162,"tags":163,"updatedAt":136,"wingspanMm":167,"__hash__":168},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.md","Large White",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":99},"minimark",[9,14,28,31,35,38,41,45,48,51,55,58,62,65,69,72,76,92,96],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"appearance","Appearance",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"large white"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Pieris brassicae",") is a large white butterfly with a wingspan of 50–70 mm. The main wing color is white. The forewing tip has a broad gray-black patch. The female has two black rounded spots in the center of the forewing and a black spot at the lower corner. In the male these spots are absent or very faint.",[15,29,30],{},"The underside of the hindwings is yellowish green. The first generation is paler; the second (summer) generation is more contrasted.",[10,32,34],{"id":33},"range","Range",[15,36,37],{},"The large white is found across Europe and Asia to the Himalayas; it has been introduced to southern Africa and South America. In Russia it is common everywhere.",[15,39,40],{},"It lives in gardens, allotments, fields, meadows, and along roads — wherever crucifers grow. It actively colonizes agricultural landscapes.",[10,42,44],{"id":43},"life-cycle","Life cycle",[15,46,47],{},"In Russia 2–3 generations per year. Pupa overwinters, attached to fences, building walls, and trees.",[15,49,50],{},"The female lays eggs in dense clusters (20–100) on the underside of cabbage leaves. Young caterpillars are greenish yellow and stay in a group. Older caterpillars (up to 4 cm) are blue-green with yellow side stripes and live alone. The pupa is angular, green or yellowish with black spots.",[10,52,54],{"id":53},"behavior","Behavior",[15,56,57],{},"The large white is an active day-flying species. Flight is straight and purposeful, with sharp wingbeats. Males patrol gardens and meadows for females; aerial chases sometimes involve three or four individuals. They feed on nectar of oilseed rape, mustard, burdock, dandelion, and red clover. In cloudy weather they are inactive — sitting in shelter with wings folded.",[10,59,61],{"id":60},"reproduction","Reproduction",[15,63,64],{},"The female lays eggs in dense clusters of 20–100 on the underside of crucifer leaves. Eggs are bright yellow, cylindrical, and ribbed — easy to see. Young caterpillars are greenish yellow and stay in a group. Older caterpillars (up to 4 cm) are blue-green with yellow side stripes and gradually disperse. The pupa is angular, green or yellowish with black dots, attached to fences, walls, or stems.",[10,66,68],{"id":67},"overwintering","Overwintering",[15,70,71],{},"The large white overwinters as a pupa. Pupae attach to fences, building walls, and tree trunks. They withstand moderate frosts. In spring, when the air warms to +12–15 °C, the first adults appear in April. In central Russia there are 2–3 generations per year; the last autumn brood enters pupal diapause for winter.",[10,73,75],{"id":74},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[77,78,79,83,86,89],"ul",{},[80,81,82],"li",{},"The large white is one of the first documented agricultural pests in Russia: it is mentioned in agronomic works of the 18th century.",[80,84,85],{},"Introduction to South America in the 1930s caused serious damage to local agriculture.",[80,87,88],{},"The caterpillar accumulates mustard oils from host plants; they are toxic to most birds but do not protect against parasitic wasps.",[80,90,91],{},"Males of the first generation are noticeably paler than those of the second — spot intensity helps date emergence.",[10,93,95],{"id":94},"significance-for-gardeners","Significance for gardeners",[15,97,98],{},"The large white is one of the main pests of cultivated crucifers. Caterpillars eat cabbage leaves, leaving only the veins. In years with a warm early spring, mass outbreaks can destroy the entire crop.",{"title":100,"searchDepth":101,"depth":101,"links":102},"",2,[103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110],{"id":12,"depth":101,"text":13},{"id":33,"depth":101,"text":34},{"id":43,"depth":101,"text":44},{"id":53,"depth":101,"text":54},{"id":60,"depth":101,"text":61},{"id":67,"depth":101,"text":68},{"id":74,"depth":101,"text":75},{"id":94,"depth":101,"text":95},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","md","Pieridae","belyanki",[118,121,124],{"q":119,"a":120},"How do you tell large white from small white?","The large white is larger (50–70 mm vs. 38–52 mm in the small white) and has a broader black spot on the forewing tip. The female large white has two black rounded spots in the center of the forewings; in the small white they are smaller and paler.",{"q":122,"a":123},"How do you protect cabbage from caterpillars?","Hand-pick eggs (yellow, columnar, on the underside of leaves). Cover crops with row cover. Spray biological products based on *Bacillus thuringiensis*. Attract natural enemies: wasps, birds. Plant nasturtium as a trap crop.",{"q":125,"a":126},"What do large white eggs look like?","Eggs are bright yellow, cylindrical, with a ribbed surface. Laid in groups on the underside of crucifer leaves. A clutch of 20–100 eggs is easy to spot.",[128,129,130,131,132],"Cabbage","Radish","Turnip","Nasturtium","Horseradish","Photorealistic macro photography, Pieris brassicae large white butterfly with wings spread on green cabbage leaf, white wings with black tips and two black spots, garden setting, natural light, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","01.05.2026",1,[142,145,148],{"label":143,"path":144},"Small White","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa",{"label":146,"path":147},"Green-veined White","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa",{"label":149,"path":150},"Family Pieridae","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki",[152,153,154],{"label":143,"path":144},{"label":146,"path":147},{"label":155,"path":156},"Black-veined White","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","April — October",{"title":159,"description":160},"Large White — Description, Photos, Cabbage Caterpillar","Large white (Pieris brassicae): description, photos, caterpillar appearance, protecting cabbage. Difference from small white.",{"loc":138},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa",[164,165,166],"whites","day-flying butterflies","garden pests","50-70","GxRHSg6VDoblnBbKPrNJyHEn8wvsS8jjvJMgMRrt0mQ",[170,175,180,185,191,197,200,206,211,217,223,228,233,238,244,249,254,260,265,270,275,280,285,291,296,301,304,309,314,319,324,329,330,335,340,345,351,356,362,367,372,377,382,388,393,398,403,408,413,419,425,431,436,442,447,452,457,462,467,472,477,482,487,493,498,503,508,511,516,521,526,532,537],{"title":171,"description":172,"path":173,"coverImage":174,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg",{"title":176,"description":177,"path":178,"coverImage":179,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":181,"description":182,"path":183,"coverImage":184,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":186,"description":187,"path":188,"coverImage":189,"publishedAt":190,"order":136},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":192,"description":193,"path":194,"coverImage":195,"publishedAt":196,"order":136},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":155,"description":198,"path":156,"coverImage":199,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":207,"description":208,"path":209,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":212,"description":213,"path":214,"coverImage":215,"publishedAt":216,"order":136},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":218,"description":219,"path":220,"coverImage":221,"publishedAt":222,"order":136},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":224,"description":225,"path":226,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":229,"description":230,"path":231,"coverImage":232,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":239,"description":240,"path":241,"coverImage":242,"publishedAt":243,"order":136},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":245,"description":246,"path":247,"coverImage":248,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":250,"description":251,"path":252,"coverImage":253,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":255,"description":256,"path":257,"coverImage":258,"publishedAt":259,"order":136},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":261,"description":262,"path":263,"coverImage":264,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":266,"description":267,"path":268,"coverImage":269,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":271,"description":272,"path":273,"coverImage":274,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":276,"description":277,"path":278,"coverImage":279,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":281,"description":282,"path":283,"coverImage":284,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":286,"description":287,"path":288,"coverImage":289,"publishedAt":290,"order":136},"Great Peacock Moth","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":292,"description":293,"path":294,"coverImage":295,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":297,"description":298,"path":299,"coverImage":300,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":146,"description":302,"path":147,"coverImage":303,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":305,"description":306,"path":307,"coverImage":308,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":310,"description":311,"path":312,"coverImage":313,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":315,"description":316,"path":317,"coverImage":318,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":320,"description":321,"path":322,"coverImage":323,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":325,"description":326,"path":327,"coverImage":328,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":5,"description":113,"path":138,"coverImage":112,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},{"title":331,"description":332,"path":333,"coverImage":334,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":336,"description":337,"path":338,"coverImage":339,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":341,"description":342,"path":343,"coverImage":344,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":346,"description":347,"path":348,"coverImage":349,"publishedAt":350,"order":136},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":352,"description":353,"path":354,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":357,"description":358,"path":359,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":361,"order":136},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":368,"description":369,"path":370,"coverImage":371,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":373,"description":374,"path":375,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":387,"order":136},"Oleander Hawkmoth","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":389,"description":390,"path":391,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":394,"description":395,"path":396,"coverImage":397,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":399,"description":400,"path":401,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":406,"coverImage":407,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":409,"description":410,"path":411,"coverImage":412,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Peacock","The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":418,"order":136},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":420,"description":421,"path":422,"coverImage":423,"publishedAt":424,"order":136},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":426,"description":427,"path":428,"coverImage":429,"publishedAt":430,"order":136},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":437,"description":438,"path":439,"coverImage":440,"publishedAt":441,"order":136},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":205,"order":136},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":458,"description":459,"path":460,"coverImage":461,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":463,"description":464,"path":465,"coverImage":466,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":468,"description":469,"path":470,"coverImage":471,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":473,"description":474,"path":475,"coverImage":476,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":478,"description":479,"path":480,"coverImage":481,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":483,"description":484,"path":485,"coverImage":486,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":488,"description":489,"path":490,"coverImage":491,"publishedAt":492,"order":136},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":494,"description":495,"path":496,"coverImage":497,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":499,"description":500,"path":501,"coverImage":502,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":504,"description":505,"path":506,"coverImage":507,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":143,"description":509,"path":144,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":512,"description":513,"path":514,"coverImage":515,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":517,"description":518,"path":519,"coverImage":520,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":531,"order":136},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":533,"description":534,"path":535,"coverImage":536,"publishedAt":139,"order":136},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":538,"description":539,"path":540,"coverImage":541,"publishedAt":542,"order":136},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[545,547,549],{"label":143,"path":144,"coverImage":510,"latinName":546},"Pieris rapae",{"label":146,"path":147,"coverImage":303,"latinName":548},"Pieris napi",{"label":155,"path":156,"coverImage":199,"latinName":550},"Aporia crataegi",[552,553,554],{"label":143,"path":144,"coverImage":510,"latinName":546},{"label":146,"path":147,"coverImage":303,"latinName":548},{"label":149,"path":150,"coverImage":555,"latinName":115},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki.png",[557,562,567,573,579],{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":139,"order":140},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":139,"order":101},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":139,"order":572},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",3,{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":139,"order":578},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":580,"description":581,"path":582,"coverImage":583,"publishedAt":139,"order":584},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125901727]