[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":749},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya":307,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":336,"section-listing:disabled":712,"related-covers:en:":713,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj|\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":714,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":720},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":284,"coverImage":285,"description":286,"extension":287,"family":288,"familySlug":289,"faq":290,"hostPlants":300,"imagePrompt":305,"latinName":25,"meta":306,"navigation":307,"order":308,"pageType":309,"path":310,"publishedAt":311,"readingMinutes":270,"relatedLinks":312,"relatedSpecies":308,"season":328,"seo":329,"sitemap":332,"stem":333,"tags":308,"updatedAt":308,"wingspanMm":334,"__hash__":335},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.md","Black Hairstreak",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":268},"minimark",[9,14,34,37,41,44,50,64,71,77,81,86,93,96,100,114,118,121,125,128,153,156,160,163,174,177,193,197,200,206,212,218,224,235,238,242],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"a-specialist-of-old-scrub","A specialist of old scrub",[15,16,17,18,21,22,26,27,21,30,33],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,5],"strong",{}," (",[23,24,25],"em",{},"Satyrium pruni",") is one of the most exacting of European butterflies in its habitat requirements. While many lycaenids are adaptable generalists, the Black Hairstreak is tied to a specific structural feature of the landscape: ",[19,28,29],{},"old, mature blackthorn",[23,31,32],{},"Prunus spinosa",") stands in ancient woodland edges, scrubby rides, and hedgerows with a long history of continuity.",[15,35,36],{},"This requirement — not just for blackthorn, but for old, tall blackthorn rather than young coppice or clipped hedges — defines the species' distribution across Europe and explains its extreme rarity in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. Where ancient blackthorn thickets persist in woodland edges, the Black Hairstreak is often present but invisible, spending most of its short adult life in the canopy.",[10,38,40],{"id":39},"appearance","Appearance",[15,42,43],{},"The Black Hairstreak is a medium-small lycaenid with a wingspan of 32–38 mm. As with all hairstreaks, adults nearly always rest with wings closed; the upperside is rarely seen.",[15,45,46,49],{},[19,47,48],{},"Upperside",": dark blackish-brown in both sexes. Females have an orange flush on the hindwing and sometimes on the forewing tornus. Males are virtually uniform dark brown. The upperside is almost never visible in the field.",[15,51,52,55,56,59,60,63],{},[19,53,54],{},"Underside",": the diagnostic pattern. Ground colour is warm golden-brown. The distinguishing feature is a ",[19,57,58],{},"band of orange lunules"," running across the hindwing, bordered on the outer side by a row of ",[19,61,62],{},"black dots with white pupils"," (the \"black\" spots that give the species its English name). A fine white hairstreak line runs parallel to the outer margin of both wings. The forewing underside has a similar but less pronounced row of spots.",[15,65,66,67,70],{},"The underside is immediately distinguishable from all other European hairstreaks by the combination of orange lunule band and black-and-white spot row. The closely related Brown Hairstreak (",[23,68,69],{},"Thecla betulae",") lacks the orange band and has plain warm-ochre undersides with only two white hairstreak lines.",[15,72,73,76],{},[19,74,75],{},"Hindwing tails",": one short tail at the tornus, orange at the base.",[10,78,80],{"id":79},"lifecycle","Lifecycle",[82,83,85],"h3",{"id":84},"egg","Egg",[15,87,88,89,92],{},"Eggs are laid in August — before the adults of the previous generation have died — on ",[19,90,91],{},"blackthorn"," twigs, typically on two- to three-year-old wood in sheltered, sunny positions within the scrub interior. Unlike the Brown Hairstreak, which prefers the outermost young growth, Black Hairstreak eggs are placed on older, established growth within the body of the scrub.",[15,94,95],{},"The egg is small, discoid, white-grey, similar in form to other hairstreak eggs but usually placed in less accessible positions. Eggs overwinter, hatching in April when blackthorn buds break.",[82,97,99],{"id":98},"caterpillar","Caterpillar",[15,101,102,103,105,106,109,110,113],{},"The caterpillar is bright green with yellow diagonal side stripes — extremely cryptic against young blackthorn leaves. It feeds on the young leaves and flower buds from April to June. Caterpillars of ",[23,104,25],{}," are attended by ants (",[23,107,108],{},"Lasius"," and ",[23,111,112],{},"Myrmica"," species), which harvest secretions from the dorsal nectary organ; in return the ants may provide some protection from parasitoids.",[82,115,117],{"id":116},"pupa","Pupa",[15,119,120],{},"The pupa is formed low in the scrub, occasionally on the ground. It is brown, mottled, and resembles a piece of bark or old wood — well-camouflaged where it rests in leaf litter or on rough bark.",[82,122,124],{"id":123},"adult","Adult",[15,126,127],{},"Adults emerge in late May to early June and fly for approximately three weeks — one of the shortest adult flight seasons of any European butterfly. Peak flight is typically in the second and third weeks of June in most of Europe.",[15,129,130,131,134,135,21,138,141,142,21,145,148,149,152],{},"Adults feed primarily on ",[19,132,133],{},"aphid honeydew"," in the canopy — an energy-rich resource that does not require descending to ground level. They will also take nectar from ",[19,136,137],{},"privet",[23,139,140],{},"Ligustrum vulgare","), ",[19,143,144],{},"bramble",[23,146,147],{},"Rubus fruticosus","), and ",[19,150,151],{},"wild roses"," when these are available at the scrub edge. Visits to flowers at low level are the most reliable opportunities for observation.",[15,154,155],{},"Males are territorial, establishing perches on sunny blackthorn and ash near the top of the scrub, from which they chase rivals and intercept females. Mating takes place in the canopy; females then search for suitable oviposition sites on older blackthorn growth.",[10,157,159],{"id":158},"distribution-and-habitat","Distribution and habitat",[15,161,162],{},"The Black Hairstreak ranges from England in the west through central and eastern Europe — France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania — across temperate Asia to Japan. It is absent from the Iberian Peninsula, most of the Mediterranean coast, Scandinavia, and the British Isles outside the East Midlands.",[15,164,165,166,169,170,173],{},"In Britain, the species has one of the most restricted ranges of any butterfly: a roughly 30 × 30 km area centred on the Oxfordshire-Buckinghamshire-Northamptonshire borders. ",[19,167,168],{},"Bernwood Forest"," (Oxford Wildlife Trust \u002F Forestry England) and ",[19,171,172],{},"Whitecross Green Wood"," (Berks, Bucks and Oxon Wildlife Trust) are the most accessible and reliable sites. A handful of private woodland sites complete the British range.",[15,175,176],{},"Across continental Europe the species is more widespread but never abundant. It favours:",[178,179,180,184,187,190],"ul",{},[181,182,183],"li",{},"Ancient woodland edges with established blackthorn thickets",[181,185,186],{},"Scrubby limestone grassland with old sloe bushes",[181,188,189],{},"Old hedgerows retaining tall, multi-stemmed blackthorn",[181,191,192],{},"Coppice woodland rides where blackthorn has been allowed to age",[10,194,196],{"id":195},"conservation","Conservation",[15,198,199],{},"The Black Hairstreak's restricted range in Britain and its dependence on old blackthorn make it vulnerable to habitat change. Key threats:",[15,201,202,205],{},[19,203,204],{},"Loss of old blackthorn",": modern woodland management often removes or coppices blackthorn; agricultural improvement clears old hedgerows. The species requires blackthorn that has been left uncut for at least 15–20 years to develop the structural characteristics it needs.",[15,207,208,211],{},[19,209,210],{},"Scrub succession",": paradoxically, complete cessation of management also threatens the species — if blackthorn scrub is left entirely unmanaged, it is eventually overtopped by ash and other shade-tolerant trees, reducing the sunny conditions that adults and caterpillars require.",[15,213,214,217],{},[19,215,216],{},"Isolation",": British colonies are highly isolated; natural recolonisation of suitable habitat is effectively impossible. This makes each existing colony irreplaceable.",[15,219,220,223],{},[19,221,222],{},"Conservation management"," at known sites focuses on:",[178,225,226,229,232],{},[181,227,228],{},"Leaving core blackthorn stands uncut while managing adjacent areas to maintain sunny conditions",[181,230,231],{},"Creating and maintaining rides that provide edge habitat with flowering privet and bramble",[181,233,234],{},"Monitoring egg counts annually to track population trends",[15,236,237],{},"In continental Europe the species benefits from less intensive woodland management and is less precarious, though it has declined in some western European countries with changing agricultural practices.",[10,239,241],{"id":240},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[178,243,244,247,258,261],{},[181,245,246],{},"The Black Hairstreak's English name is slightly misleading: the \"black\" refers to the black-spotted underside pattern, not to the general wing colour; the wings are dark brown, not black — and the underside is warm golden-brown",[181,248,249,250,253,254,257],{},"In continental Europe the species is sometimes called the ",[19,251,252],{},"Sloe Hairstreak"," or ",[19,255,256],{},"Plum Hairstreak",", names that more accurately reflect its host plant association",[181,259,260],{},"Adults at Bernwood Forest are reliably seen feeding at privet flowers in late June, making this one of the few British butterfly sites where a species can be observed predictably at low level despite its general reclusive canopy behaviour",[181,262,263,264,267],{},"The Black Hairstreak has been proposed as an indicator species for ",[19,265,266],{},"ancient woodland continuity"," in central Europe: its presence at a woodland site is considered good evidence that the site has maintained its woodland character over at least several decades, because the species does not recolonise recently established scrub",{"title":269,"searchDepth":270,"depth":270,"links":271},"",2,[272,273,274,281,282,283],{"id":12,"depth":270,"text":13},{"id":39,"depth":270,"text":40},{"id":79,"depth":270,"text":80,"children":275},[276,278,279,280],{"id":84,"depth":277,"text":85},3,{"id":98,"depth":277,"text":99},{"id":116,"depth":277,"text":117},{"id":123,"depth":277,"text":124},{"id":158,"depth":270,"text":159},{"id":195,"depth":270,"text":196},{"id":240,"depth":270,"text":241},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","md","Lycaenidae","golubyanki",[291,294,297],{"q":292,"a":293},"How is the Black Hairstreak different from the Brown Hairstreak?","Both the Black Hairstreak (Satyrium pruni) and the Brown Hairstreak (Thecla betulae) use blackthorn as their main larval host plant and are notoriously difficult to see as adults. The key differences: the Black Hairstreak is smaller (32–38 mm vs. 35–42 mm), has a distinctive band of orange lunules on the hindwing underside bordered by black spots on the outer edge, and flies in June–July rather than August–September. The Brown Hairstreak underside is plain warm ochre-orange with two fine white lines and no orange lunule band. In Britain, the two species do not overlap geographically: the Black Hairstreak is restricted to a small area of the East Midlands, while the Brown Hairstreak is more widespread in the south and west.",{"q":295,"a":296},"Why is the Black Hairstreak so rare in Britain?","In Britain the Black Hairstreak has an extremely restricted range — essentially a single area straddling the Oxfordshire-Buckinghamshire-Northamptonshire borders, centred on ancient woodland sites such as Bernwood Forest and Whitecross Green Wood. This restriction reflects a combination of factors: the species requires old, tall blackthorn — not the young growth used by the Brown Hairstreak — and such ancient blackthorn stands are uncommon in the modern agricultural landscape. The species is also a poor disperser; colonies do not recolonise suitable habitat easily once lost. Historic coppicing and woodland management that maintained old blackthorn edges was favourable; 20th-century changes in woodland management have been detrimental.",{"q":298,"a":299},"When and where is the best time to see a Black Hairstreak?","In Britain, the best places are the known sites in Bernwood Forest (Oxfordshire\u002FBuckinghamshire), Whitecross Green Wood (Oxfordshire), and a small number of other ancient woodland sites in the East Midlands. The peak flight period is late June, lasting approximately three weeks. Adults spend most of their time at the tops of blackthorn and ash trees; the most reliable sighting method is to visit on a warm, calm morning and look for adults feeding at privet or bramble flowers at the woodland edge. Across continental Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Germany) the species is more widespread and easier to find in suitable scrubby limestone habitats.",[301,302,303,304],"Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn \u002F Sloe)","Prunus domestica (Plum)","Prunus cerasifera (Cherry Plum)","Prunus padus (Bird Cherry)","Photorealistic macro photography, Satyrium pruni Black Hairstreak butterfly resting on blackthorn branch with ripening sloes, wings closed showing warm brown underside with orange lunule band and delicate white hairstreak line, dappled woodland edge light, shallow depth of field, 16:9",{},true,null,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","23.06.2026",[313,317,320,324],{"label":314,"path":315,"description":316},"Brown Hairstreak","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","Brown Hairstreak (Thecla betulae) — close relative, same host plant",{"label":288,"path":318,"description":319},"\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki","Family Lycaenidae — Blues, Coppers, and Hairstreaks",{"label":321,"path":322,"description":323},"Small Copper","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","Small Copper (Lycaena phlaeas)",{"label":325,"path":326,"description":327},"Species catalogue","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy","All butterfly species on butterfly-atlas.ru","Late May – July (peak June)",{"title":330,"description":331},"Black Hairstreak (Satyrium pruni) — Habitat, Range, Conservation","Black Hairstreak butterfly: old blackthorn specialist of ancient woodland edges. Short June flight season, difference from Brown Hairstreak, British rarity and European range.",{"loc":310},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","32-38","uJyWfnjFNNc3dLMmiYl9uUKY7ATU5MYavE6qlX3gk6M",[337,343,348,353,359,360,365,371,376,380,386,391,396,401,407,412,417,423,428,433,438,443,448,454,459,464,469,474,479,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,520,525,531,536,541,546,551,557,562,567,572,577,582,588,594,600,605,611,616,621,626,631,636,641,646,651,656,660,665,670,675,680,685,690,695,701,706],{"title":338,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg","01.05.2026",{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":349,"description":350,"path":351,"coverImage":352,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":354,"description":355,"path":356,"coverImage":357,"publishedAt":358,"order":308},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":286,"path":310,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":311,"order":308},{"title":361,"description":362,"path":363,"coverImage":364,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":314,"description":377,"path":315,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":379,"order":308},"The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":381,"description":382,"path":383,"coverImage":384,"publishedAt":385,"order":308},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":392,"description":393,"path":394,"coverImage":395,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":397,"description":398,"path":399,"coverImage":400,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":402,"description":403,"path":404,"coverImage":405,"publishedAt":406,"order":308},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":422,"order":308},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":424,"description":425,"path":426,"coverImage":427,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":429,"description":430,"path":431,"coverImage":432,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":444,"description":445,"path":446,"coverImage":447,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":449,"description":450,"path":451,"coverImage":452,"publishedAt":453,"order":308},"Great Peacock Moth","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":455,"description":456,"path":457,"coverImage":458,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":470,"description":471,"path":472,"coverImage":473,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":490,"description":491,"path":492,"coverImage":493,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":500,"description":501,"path":502,"coverImage":503,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":505,"description":506,"path":507,"coverImage":508,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":510,"description":511,"path":512,"coverImage":513,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":515,"description":516,"path":517,"coverImage":518,"publishedAt":519,"order":308},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":521,"description":522,"path":523,"coverImage":524,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":526,"description":527,"path":528,"coverImage":529,"publishedAt":530,"order":308},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":537,"description":538,"path":539,"coverImage":540,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":542,"description":543,"path":544,"coverImage":545,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":547,"description":548,"path":549,"coverImage":550,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":552,"description":553,"path":554,"coverImage":555,"publishedAt":556,"order":308},"Oleander Hawkmoth","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":573,"description":574,"path":575,"coverImage":576,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":578,"description":579,"path":580,"coverImage":581,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Peacock","The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":583,"description":584,"path":585,"coverImage":586,"publishedAt":587,"order":308},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":589,"description":590,"path":591,"coverImage":592,"publishedAt":593,"order":308},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":595,"description":596,"path":597,"coverImage":598,"publishedAt":599,"order":308},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":601,"description":602,"path":603,"coverImage":604,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":606,"description":607,"path":608,"coverImage":609,"publishedAt":610,"order":308},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":612,"description":613,"path":614,"coverImage":615,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":617,"description":618,"path":619,"coverImage":620,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":622,"description":623,"path":624,"coverImage":625,"publishedAt":370,"order":308},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":627,"description":628,"path":629,"coverImage":630,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":632,"description":633,"path":634,"coverImage":635,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":637,"description":638,"path":639,"coverImage":640,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":642,"description":643,"path":644,"coverImage":645,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":647,"description":648,"path":649,"coverImage":650,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":652,"description":653,"path":654,"coverImage":655,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":321,"description":657,"path":322,"coverImage":658,"publishedAt":659,"order":308},"The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":661,"description":662,"path":663,"coverImage":664,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":666,"description":667,"path":668,"coverImage":669,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":671,"description":672,"path":673,"coverImage":674,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":676,"description":677,"path":678,"coverImage":679,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":681,"description":682,"path":683,"coverImage":684,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":686,"description":687,"path":688,"coverImage":689,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":699,"publishedAt":700,"order":308},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":342,"order":308},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":711,"order":308},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[],[715,716,718],{"label":314,"path":315,"description":316,"coverImage":378,"latinName":69},{"label":288,"path":318,"description":319,"coverImage":717,"latinName":288},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki.png",{"label":321,"path":322,"description":323,"coverImage":658,"latinName":719},"Lycaena phlaeas",[721,727,732,737,743],{"title":722,"description":723,"path":724,"coverImage":725,"publishedAt":342,"order":726},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",1,{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":731,"publishedAt":342,"order":270},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"title":733,"description":734,"path":735,"coverImage":736,"publishedAt":342,"order":277},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":738,"description":739,"path":740,"coverImage":741,"publishedAt":342,"order":742},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":744,"description":745,"path":746,"coverImage":747,"publishedAt":342,"order":748},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125901718]