[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":989},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy":539,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":575,"section-listing:disabled":951,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz":952,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova|\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":956,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":964},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":516,"coverImage":517,"description":518,"extension":519,"family":520,"familySlug":521,"faq":522,"hostPlants":532,"imagePrompt":537,"latinName":26,"meta":538,"navigation":539,"order":521,"pageType":540,"path":541,"publishedAt":542,"readingMinutes":543,"relatedLinks":544,"relatedSpecies":557,"season":562,"seo":563,"sitemap":566,"stem":567,"tags":568,"updatedAt":521,"wingspanMm":573,"__hash__":574},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.md","Oleander Hawkmoth",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":490},"minimark",[9,14,28,35,39,44,55,81,84,87,91,98,122,129,133,138,158,177,180,184,203,207,211,222,229,233,240,247,251,255,265,269,276,280,287,291,301,308,311,315,403,406,410,419,430,437,441],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"a-jewel-of-the-dusk-garden","A jewel of the dusk garden",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"oleander hawkmoth"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Daphnis nerii",") is among the most beautiful sphingids in the world. Its apple-green wings banded with pink and white look almost artificial — too vivid for a temperate garden, yet this is a real species, common at dusk around oleander bushes from the Mediterranean to tropical Asia. When it hovers at a flower, wings beating in a blur, the resemblance to a hummingbird is uncanny.",[15,29,30,31,34],{},"In northern latitudes, every record is an event. The species is a ",[19,32,33],{},"warm-climate resident"," that reaches central Europe and Russia only as a summer vagrant — but climate warming and the spread of ornamental oleander in gardens are making sightings more frequent.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"appearance-and-identification","Appearance and identification",[40,41,43],"h3",{"id":42},"adult","Adult",[15,45,46,47,50,51,54],{},"Wingspan ",[19,48,49],{},"90–110 mm",". The dominant colour is ",[19,52,53],{},"bright green"," on both wings and body, with:",[56,57,58,66,72,78],"ul",{},[59,60,61,62,65],"li",{},"A ",[19,63,64],{},"broad pink or buff band"," across the middle of the forewing",[59,67,68,71],{},[19,69,70],{},"White streaks"," along the wing veins and wing margins",[59,73,61,74,77],{},[19,75,76],{},"tan or brown dorsal stripe"," along the thorax and abdomen",[59,79,80],{},"Hindwings green with a dark border and a small eyespot near the anal angle",[15,82,83],{},"The body is streamlined and tapered — classic hawkmoth shape. Antennae are tapering and slightly clubbed at the tip.",[15,85,86],{},"In flight at dusk, the green and pink colours are vivid; at rest with wings folded, the moth blends surprisingly well among oleander leaves.",[40,88,90],{"id":89},"caterpillar","Caterpillar",[15,92,93,94,97],{},"A spectacular larva up to ",[19,95,96],{},"100 mm"," long:",[56,99,100,106,113,116],{},[59,101,102,105],{},[19,103,104],{},"Bright green"," body with small white dots",[59,107,108,109,112],{},"A large ",[19,110,111],{},"blue \"eye\""," surrounded by a white ring on the first abdominal segments — an aposematic false eyespot",[59,114,115],{},"White diagonal stripes on the sides",[59,117,61,118,121],{},[19,119,120],{},"yellow or orange horn"," on the final segment (harmless)",[15,123,124,125,128],{},"The caterpillar's warning coloration reflects its diet: oleander and periwinkle contain ",[19,126,127],{},"cardiac glycosides",", which the larva stores and retains into adulthood at lower concentrations.",[10,130,132],{"id":131},"distribution-and-habitat","Distribution and habitat",[15,134,135,137],{},[24,136,26],{}," is native to:",[56,139,140,146,152],{},[59,141,142,145],{},[19,143,144],{},"Africa"," (north and sub-Saharan)",[59,147,148,151],{},[19,149,150],{},"Southern and Southeast Asia"," (India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia)",[59,153,17,154,157],{},[19,155,156],{},"Mediterranean basin"," — resident and breeding in Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Levant, and North Africa",[15,159,160,161,164,165,168,169,172,173,176],{},"From these bases, adults ",[19,162,163],{},"disperse northward"," each summer. Regular vagrant records come from France, Germany, Britain, Scandinavia, and the Balkans. In ",[19,166,167],{},"Russia",", the species is a rare visitor documented mainly from the ",[19,170,171],{},"North Caucasus",", ",[19,174,175],{},"Krasnodar Krai",", and the Black Sea coast; isolated records exist from more northern regions in exceptionally warm years.",[15,178,179],{},"The species does not overwinter in temperate climates. All northern caterpillars and adults perish in autumn frost.",[40,181,183],{"id":182},"habitat","Habitat",[15,185,186,187,190,191,194,195,198,199,202],{},"In its resident range, ",[24,188,189],{},"D. nerii"," inhabits ",[19,192,193],{},"coastal gardens, olive groves, river valleys, and urban plantings"," where oleander (",[24,196,197],{},"Nerium oleander",") or periwinkle (",[24,200,201],{},"Vinca",") grow. Oleander is widely planted as an ornamental shrub in Mediterranean towns — and increasingly in southern Russian resorts — providing consistent habitat.",[10,204,206],{"id":205},"lifecycle","Lifecycle",[40,208,210],{"id":209},"eggs-and-larvae","Eggs and larvae",[15,212,213,214,217,218,221],{},"Females lay ",[19,215,216],{},"single green eggs"," on the underside of oleander or periwinkle leaves. In the tropics and Mediterranean, breeding is ",[19,219,220],{},"continuous"," — multiple generations per year. In vagrant northern populations, eggs laid in July–August may produce caterpillars that pupate before autumn.",[15,223,224,225,228],{},"The caterpillar feeds openly, often on the youngest leaves and flower buds. Development through five instars takes ",[19,226,227],{},"three to four weeks"," in warm conditions. The final instar is conspicuous — gardeners frequently notice the large green larva on oleander before ever seeing the adult.",[40,230,232],{"id":231},"pupa-and-adult","Pupa and adult",[15,234,235,236,239],{},"The pupa is smooth, brown, and formed in a ",[19,237,238],{},"shallow underground cell"," or among leaf litter at the base of the host plant. In resident populations, pupae may overwinter; in northern vagrant broods, the cycle completes in a single summer.",[15,241,242,243,246],{},"Adults emerge at dusk or after dark. They live ",[19,244,245],{},"two to four weeks",", feeding on nectar from a range of flowers — not only oleander but also jasmine, honeysuckle, and other night-scented species.",[10,248,250],{"id":249},"behaviour","Behaviour",[40,252,254],{"id":253},"hovering-flight","Hovering flight",[15,256,257,258,260,261,264],{},"Like other sphingids, ",[24,259,26],{}," can ",[19,262,263],{},"hover"," stationary in front of a flower while uncoiling its long proboscis to drink nectar. The wingbeat is rapid and audible — a low hum on quiet evenings. This flight style, combined with the green body, produces the \"hummingbird moth\" effect that surprises observers unfamiliar with hawkmoths.",[40,266,268],{"id":267},"activity-period","Activity period",[15,270,271,272,275],{},"Primarily ",[19,273,274],{},"crepuscular"," — active at dusk and dawn, with some night activity. Unlike many dull-coloured noctuids, the oleander hawkmoth's bright coloration is displayed in low light when vertebrate predators are less visually acute.",[40,277,279],{"id":278},"attraction-to-light","Attraction to light",[15,281,282,283,286],{},"Adults come to ",[19,284,285],{},"artificial lights"," and are sometimes found at windows in Mediterranean towns. Northern vagrant records often involve lighted buildings on warm summer nights.",[10,288,290],{"id":289},"oleander-and-toxicity","Oleander and toxicity",[15,292,293,294,296,297,300],{},"Oleander (",[24,295,197],{},") is one of the most toxic common garden plants — all parts contain cardiac glycosides that can be fatal if ingested by humans or livestock. The oleander hawkmoth caterpillar ",[19,298,299],{},"sequesters these compounds",", making it distasteful to birds and parasitoids.",[15,302,303,304,307],{},"This is a classic ",[19,305,306],{},"aposematic system",": bright colour (green + blue eyespot) signals unpalatability. Birds that sample a caterpillar typically reject it and avoid similar-looking larvae thereafter.",[15,309,310],{},"Adults retain some toxins but at much lower concentration. They are harmless to handle, though handling any wild insect is best avoided.",[10,312,314],{"id":313},"comparison-with-other-hawkmoths","Comparison with other hawkmoths",[316,317,318,337],"table",{},[319,320,321],"thead",{},[322,323,324,328,331,334],"tr",{},[325,326,327],"th",{},"Species",[325,329,330],{},"Size",[325,332,333],{},"Key feature",[325,335,336],{},"Status in Russia",[338,339,340,355,371,387],"tbody",{},[322,341,342,347,349,352],{},[343,344,345],"td",{},[24,346,26],{},[343,348,49],{},[343,350,351],{},"Green and pink bands",[343,353,354],{},"Rare vagrant",[322,356,357,362,365,368],{},[343,358,359],{},[24,360,361],{},"Acherontia atropos",[343,363,364],{},"90–130 mm",[343,366,367],{},"Skull thorax marking",[343,369,370],{},"Regular migrant",[322,372,373,378,381,384],{},[343,374,375],{},[24,376,377],{},"Hyles euphorbiae",[343,379,380],{},"60–70 mm",[343,382,383],{},"Olive and pink, spurge feeder",[343,385,386],{},"Local resident (south)",[322,388,389,394,397,400],{},[343,390,391],{},[24,392,393],{},"Deilephila elpenor",[343,395,396],{},"45–55 mm",[343,398,399],{},"Pink and olive elephant hawkmoth",[343,401,402],{},"Widespread",[15,404,405],{},"The oleander hawkmoth is the largest and most vividly coloured of the regularly reported green hawkmoths in Europe.",[10,407,409],{"id":408},"conservation","Conservation",[15,411,412,414,415,418],{},[24,413,26],{}," is ",[19,416,417],{},"Least Concern"," globally — abundant and widespread in its resident tropical and Mediterranean range. It requires no specific conservation measures.",[15,420,421,422,425,426,429],{},"In northern Europe and Russia, the species has no resident population to protect. Its increasing vagrant frequency is linked to ",[19,423,424],{},"climate warming"," and ",[19,427,428],{},"ornamental oleander planting"," rather than to local breeding establishment.",[15,431,432,433,436],{},"Gardeners in southern Europe who wish to support the species can plant ",[19,434,435],{},"oleander or periwinkle"," — the moth will find them. Pesticide-free cultivation is essential; systemic insecticides on oleander kill caterpillars directly.",[10,438,440],{"id":439},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[56,442,443,448,463,466,473,483],{},[59,444,445,447],{},[24,446,26],{}," was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 — among the earliest hawkmoths named in modern taxonomy",[59,449,450,451,454,455,458,459,462],{},"The genus name ",[24,452,453],{},"Daphnis"," refers to a shepherd in Greek mythology; ",[24,456,457],{},"nerii"," means \"of the oleander\" (",[24,460,461],{},"Nerium",")",[59,464,465],{},"In India and Sri Lanka, the species is common in gardens and often photographed at oleander — it is one of the most frequently illustrated hawkmoths in Asian field guides",[59,467,468,469,472],{},"The blue \"eye\" on the caterpillar is ",[19,470,471],{},"not a real eye"," — it is a pigment patch that mimics a vertebrate eye to startle predators (another form of mimicry, like the great peacock moth's wing eyespots)",[59,474,475,476,22,479,482],{},"Some observers confuse the oleander hawkmoth with the ",[19,477,478],{},"hummingbird hawk-moth",[24,480,481],{},"Macroglossum stellatarum",") — a much smaller day-flying sphingid common in Europe; the oleander hawkmoth is larger, greener, and active at dusk",[59,484,485,486,489],{},"Caterpillars occasionally appear on ",[19,487,488],{},"indoor oleander"," plants in northern Europe — brought in as eggs on nursery stock from the Mediterranean",{"title":491,"searchDepth":492,"depth":492,"links":493},"",2,[494,495,500,503,507,512,513,514,515],{"id":12,"depth":492,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":492,"text":38,"children":496},[497,499],{"id":42,"depth":498,"text":43},3,{"id":89,"depth":498,"text":90},{"id":131,"depth":492,"text":132,"children":501},[502],{"id":182,"depth":498,"text":183},{"id":205,"depth":492,"text":206,"children":504},[505,506],{"id":209,"depth":498,"text":210},{"id":231,"depth":498,"text":232},{"id":249,"depth":492,"text":250,"children":508},[509,510,511],{"id":253,"depth":498,"text":254},{"id":267,"depth":498,"text":268},{"id":278,"depth":498,"text":279},{"id":289,"depth":492,"text":290},{"id":313,"depth":492,"text":314},{"id":408,"depth":492,"text":409},{"id":439,"depth":492,"text":440},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","md","Sphingidae",null,[523,526,529],{"q":524,"a":525},"Where does the oleander hawkmoth live?","Daphnis nerii is native to Africa, southern Asia, and the Mediterranean basin, where it breeds year-round on oleander and related plants. Each summer, adults migrate or disperse northward and appear as vagrants in central Europe, the Balkans, and occasionally southern Russia. In Russia it is a rare visitor — records come mainly from the North Caucasus, Krasnodar Krai, and the Black Sea coast, with isolated finds further north in warm years.",{"q":527,"a":528},"Is the oleander hawkmoth poisonous?","The caterpillar feeds on oleander and periwinkle — plants that contain cardiac glycosides (similar to milkweed toxins). The larva sequesters these compounds and becomes unpalatable to birds. The bright green colour with blue and white 'eye' markings is aposematic — a warning signal. Adults are not dangerous to humans; the toxins are diluted and the moth does not bite or sting.",{"q":530,"a":531},"How do you recognise the oleander hawkmoth?","Adults are unmistakable: the body and most of the wing are vivid apple-green, crossed by broad pink or buff bands and white streaks. A tan or brown dorsal stripe runs along the abdomen. The moth hovers in front of flowers at dusk like a hummingbird. The caterpillar is equally distinctive — bright green with a large blue and white eyespot near the head and a yellow horn on the tail.",[533,534,535,536],"Oleander (Nerium oleander)","Periwinkle (Vinca major, V. minor)","Desert rose (Adenium obesum)","Devil's trumpet (Thevetia peruviana)","Photorealistic macro photography, Daphnis nerii oleander hawkmoth hovering at pink oleander flowers, vivid green body with pink and white wing bands, sunset garden light, Mediterranean coast, shallow depth of field, 16:9",{},true,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","09.06.2026",1,[545,548,551,554],{"label":546,"path":547},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki",{"label":549,"path":550},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova",{"label":552,"path":553},"Caterpillar identification","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse",{"label":555,"path":556},"Atlas — Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya",[558,559],{"label":549,"path":550},{"label":560,"path":561},"Great Peacock Moth","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","Year-round in tropics; June — September (vagrant)",{"title":564,"description":565},"Oleander Hawkmoth (Daphnis nerii) — Green Tropical Hawkmoth","Oleander hawkmoth: vivid green and pink adult, aposematic caterpillar, oleander host plant, distribution in the Mediterranean and vagrant records in Russia.",{"loc":541},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy",[569,570,571,572],"hawkmoths","nocturnal moths","tropical species","sphingidae","90-110","cMMQZXH8zcauy59sAPxceFxyVRBlJrkfwdJ2M5DhoTo",[576,582,587,592,598,604,609,615,620,626,632,637,642,647,653,658,663,667,672,677,682,687,692,696,701,706,711,716,721,726,731,736,741,746,751,756,762,767,773,778,783,788,793,794,799,804,809,814,819,825,831,837,842,848,853,858,863,868,873,878,883,888,893,899,904,909,914,919,924,929,934,940,945],{"title":577,"description":578,"path":579,"coverImage":580,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg","01.05.2026",{"title":583,"description":584,"path":585,"coverImage":586,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":588,"description":589,"path":590,"coverImage":591,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":593,"description":594,"path":595,"coverImage":596,"publishedAt":597,"order":521},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":599,"description":600,"path":601,"coverImage":602,"publishedAt":603,"order":521},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":605,"description":606,"path":607,"coverImage":608,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":610,"description":611,"path":612,"coverImage":613,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":616,"description":617,"path":618,"coverImage":619,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":621,"description":622,"path":623,"coverImage":624,"publishedAt":625,"order":521},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":627,"description":628,"path":629,"coverImage":630,"publishedAt":631,"order":521},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":633,"description":634,"path":635,"coverImage":636,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":638,"description":639,"path":640,"coverImage":641,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":643,"description":644,"path":645,"coverImage":646,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":648,"description":649,"path":650,"coverImage":651,"publishedAt":652,"order":521},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":659,"description":660,"path":661,"coverImage":662,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":549,"description":664,"path":550,"coverImage":665,"publishedAt":666,"order":521},"The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":668,"description":669,"path":670,"coverImage":671,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":673,"description":674,"path":675,"coverImage":676,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":678,"description":679,"path":680,"coverImage":681,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":683,"description":684,"path":685,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":688,"description":689,"path":690,"coverImage":691,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":560,"description":693,"path":561,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":695,"order":521},"The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","29.05.2026",{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":712,"description":713,"path":714,"coverImage":715,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":717,"description":718,"path":719,"coverImage":720,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":722,"description":723,"path":724,"coverImage":725,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":727,"description":728,"path":729,"coverImage":730,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":742,"description":743,"path":744,"coverImage":745,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":747,"description":748,"path":749,"coverImage":750,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":752,"description":753,"path":754,"coverImage":755,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":757,"description":758,"path":759,"coverImage":760,"publishedAt":761,"order":521},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":763,"description":764,"path":765,"coverImage":766,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":772,"order":521},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":774,"description":775,"path":776,"coverImage":777,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":779,"description":780,"path":781,"coverImage":782,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":784,"description":785,"path":786,"coverImage":787,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":789,"description":790,"path":791,"coverImage":792,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":5,"description":518,"path":541,"coverImage":517,"publishedAt":542,"order":521},{"title":795,"description":796,"path":797,"coverImage":798,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":800,"description":801,"path":802,"coverImage":803,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":805,"description":806,"path":807,"coverImage":808,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":810,"description":811,"path":812,"coverImage":813,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":815,"description":816,"path":817,"coverImage":818,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Peacock","The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":820,"description":821,"path":822,"coverImage":823,"publishedAt":824,"order":521},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":826,"description":827,"path":828,"coverImage":829,"publishedAt":830,"order":521},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":832,"description":833,"path":834,"coverImage":835,"publishedAt":836,"order":521},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":838,"description":839,"path":840,"coverImage":841,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":843,"description":844,"path":845,"coverImage":846,"publishedAt":847,"order":521},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":849,"description":850,"path":851,"coverImage":852,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":854,"description":855,"path":856,"coverImage":857,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":859,"description":860,"path":861,"coverImage":862,"publishedAt":614,"order":521},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":864,"description":865,"path":866,"coverImage":867,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":869,"description":870,"path":871,"coverImage":872,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":874,"description":875,"path":876,"coverImage":877,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":879,"description":880,"path":881,"coverImage":882,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":884,"description":885,"path":886,"coverImage":887,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":889,"description":890,"path":891,"coverImage":892,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":894,"description":895,"path":896,"coverImage":897,"publishedAt":898,"order":521},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":900,"description":901,"path":902,"coverImage":903,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":905,"description":906,"path":907,"coverImage":908,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":910,"description":911,"path":912,"coverImage":913,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":915,"description":916,"path":917,"coverImage":918,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":920,"description":921,"path":922,"coverImage":923,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":925,"description":926,"path":927,"coverImage":928,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":930,"description":931,"path":932,"coverImage":933,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":935,"description":936,"path":937,"coverImage":938,"publishedAt":939,"order":521},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":941,"description":942,"path":943,"coverImage":944,"publishedAt":581,"order":521},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":946,"description":947,"path":948,"coverImage":949,"publishedAt":950,"order":521},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[953,954],{"label":549,"path":550,"coverImage":665,"latinName":361},{"label":560,"path":561,"coverImage":694,"latinName":955},"Saturnia pyri",[957,959,960,962],{"label":546,"path":547,"coverImage":958,"latinName":521},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"label":549,"path":550,"coverImage":665,"latinName":361},{"label":552,"path":553,"coverImage":961,"latinName":521},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse.png",{"label":555,"path":556,"coverImage":963,"latinName":521},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",[965,970,972,977,983],{"title":966,"description":967,"path":968,"coverImage":969,"publishedAt":581,"order":543},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":546,"description":971,"path":547,"coverImage":958,"publishedAt":581,"order":492},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.",{"title":973,"description":974,"path":975,"coverImage":976,"publishedAt":581,"order":498},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":978,"description":979,"path":980,"coverImage":981,"publishedAt":581,"order":982},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":984,"description":985,"path":986,"coverImage":987,"publishedAt":581,"order":988},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125897037]