[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":884},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz":3,"alt-locale:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz":433,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy":469,"section-listing:disabled":845,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy":846,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova|\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse|\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa":851,"section-listing:species_en:\u002Fvidy-babochek":859},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"conservationStatus":406,"coverImage":407,"description":408,"extension":409,"family":410,"familySlug":411,"faq":412,"hostPlants":422,"imagePrompt":431,"latinName":26,"meta":432,"navigation":433,"order":411,"pageType":434,"path":435,"publishedAt":436,"readingMinutes":437,"relatedLinks":438,"relatedSpecies":451,"season":456,"seo":457,"sitemap":460,"stem":461,"tags":462,"updatedAt":411,"wingspanMm":467,"__hash__":468},"species_en\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.md","Great Peacock Moth",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":382},"minimark",[9,14,32,35,39,44,50,117,128,135,139,150,153,157,170,177,184,188,192,203,207,214,225,229,236,243,247,258,269,273,277,288,291,295,306,310,313,320,324,337,344,348],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"europes-largest-nocturnal-moth","Europe's largest nocturnal moth",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"great peacock moth"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Saturnia pyri",") holds a straightforward superlative: it is the ",[19,29,30],{},"largest nocturnal moth native to Europe",". Females with a wingspan of 15 cm are larger than many songbirds. Males are smaller but equipped with antennae so sensitive that they can detect a female's pheromone plume from several kilometres away — one of the most extreme examples of chemical communication in the insect world.",[15,33,34],{},"Despite its size, the species is not rare in suitable habitat. It breeds on common fruit trees and hedgerow shrubs across much of temperate Europe and western Russia, and adults are regularly found at lighted windows on spring evenings.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"appearance-and-identification","Appearance and identification",[40,41,43],"h3",{"id":42},"adult","Adult",[15,45,46,49],{},[19,47,48],{},"Sexual dimorphism"," is pronounced:",[51,52,53,69],"table",{},[54,55,56],"thead",{},[57,58,59,63,66],"tr",{},[60,61,62],"th",{},"Feature",[60,64,65],{},"Male",[60,67,68],{},"Female",[70,71,72,84,95,106],"tbody",{},[57,73,74,78,81],{},[75,76,77],"td",{},"Wingspan",[75,79,80],{},"80–120 mm",[75,82,83],{},"120–150 mm",[57,85,86,89,92],{},[75,87,88],{},"Antennae",[75,90,91],{},"Large, feathery (bipectinate)",[75,93,94],{},"Thread-like, much smaller",[57,96,97,100,103],{},[75,98,99],{},"Abdomen",[75,101,102],{},"Slimmer",[75,104,105],{},"Bulky, egg-filled",[57,107,108,111,114],{},[75,109,110],{},"Activity",[75,112,113],{},"Flies actively at dusk, seeks females",[75,115,116],{},"Sits on tree trunk, emits pheromone",[15,118,119,120,123,124,127],{},"Both sexes share the same wing pattern: ",[19,121,122],{},"grey-brown forewings"," with wavy darker lines and a large transparent-centred ",[19,125,126],{},"eyespot"," near the wing tip. Hindwings are orange-brown with a similar eyespot and a pinkish or yellowish outer margin. The body is thick and covered in pale brown fur.",[15,129,130,131,134],{},"At rest, the moth holds its wings ",[19,132,133],{},"roof-like"," over the body, hiding the brighter hindwing colours. When startled, it drops the wings flat and exposes all four eyespots simultaneously.",[40,136,138],{"id":137},"caterpillar","Caterpillar",[15,140,141,142,145,146,149],{},"A large, blue-green caterpillar up to ",[19,143,144],{},"100 mm"," long, covered with small yellow tubercles each bearing a black bristle. A characteristic feature is a ",[19,147,148],{},"horizontal yellow stripe"," along each side, often with blue spots within it. The horn on the final segment is short and harmless.",[15,151,152],{},"Older larvae are conspicuous on host trees in late summer and autumn — often on pear and apple in orchards, where their presence is noticed by fruit growers.",[10,154,156],{"id":155},"distribution-and-habitat","Distribution and habitat",[15,158,159,161,162,165,166,169],{},[24,160,26],{}," occurs across ",[19,163,164],{},"temperate Europe"," from the Iberian Peninsula and Britain eastward to ",[19,167,168],{},"western Russia",", the Urals, and the Caucasus. It is absent from northern Scandinavia and the far north of Russia.",[15,171,172,173,176],{},"The species favours ",[19,174,175],{},"mixed landscapes"," with mature fruit trees, hedgerows, parkland, and river valleys with willow and ash. Orchards, old gardens, and forest edges are prime habitat. In Russia it is most common in the European part — Central Russia, the Volga region, and the south — and becomes scarcer toward the taiga zone.",[15,178,179,180,183],{},"Unlike the migrant death's-head hawkmoth, the great peacock moth is a ",[19,181,182],{},"resident breeder"," wherever it occurs.",[10,185,187],{"id":186},"lifecycle","Lifecycle",[40,189,191],{"id":190},"timing","Timing",[15,193,194,195,198,199,202],{},"A ",[19,196,197],{},"single generation"," per year in most of the range. Adults fly in ",[19,200,201],{},"April and May"," — among the earliest large moths of spring. Timing is closely tied to leaf burst on host trees: eggs are laid on fresh foliage, and caterpillars feed through summer and autumn.",[40,204,206],{"id":205},"eggs-and-larvae","Eggs and larvae",[15,208,209,210,213],{},"Females lay ",[19,211,212],{},"50–200 eggs"," in neat rows or clusters on twigs and leaves of host plants. The eggs are oval, white to yellow, and hatch in about two weeks.",[15,215,216,217,220,221,224],{},"Caterpillars feed gregariously in early instars, spreading out as they grow. They pass through ",[19,218,219],{},"five instars"," from June to October. Before pupation, the fully grown larva descends the tree, spins a tough ",[19,222,223],{},"silken cocoon"," among leaf litter, in soil crevices, or attached to low vegetation, and pupates inside.",[40,226,228],{"id":227},"pupa-and-adult","Pupa and adult",[15,230,231,232,235],{},"The pupa is dark brown and robust, enclosed in the cocoon. It ",[19,233,234],{},"overwinters"," through frost and emerges the following spring when temperatures rise — typically triggered by a combination of warmth and humidity.",[15,237,238,239,242],{},"Adult emergence is at dusk or after dark. The moth pumps fluid into the wings, rests briefly, and males begin searching for females. Females remain on or near the emergence site, releasing ",[19,240,241],{},"pheromones"," that males detect with their feathery antennae.",[10,244,246],{"id":245},"pheromone-detection","Pheromone detection",[15,248,249,250,253,254,257],{},"Male great peacock moths have antennae with thousands of ",[19,251,252],{},"sensory hairs"," (sensilla) tuned to the female's sex pheromone — a single chemical compound, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienal. In calm conditions, a male can detect a female from ",[19,255,256],{},"2–4 km away",", flying upwind along the pheromone gradient in a zigzag search pattern.",[15,259,260,261,264,265,268],{},"This system was studied intensively by Nobel laureate Adolf Butenandt and colleagues in the 1950s–60s, who first identified and synthesised an insect sex pheromone using ",[24,262,263],{},"Saturnia"," and the related silkworm moth ",[24,266,267],{},"Bombyx mori"," as model species.",[10,270,272],{"id":271},"behaviour","Behaviour",[40,274,276],{"id":275},"adult-activity","Adult activity",[15,278,279,280,283,284,287],{},"Adults are ",[19,281,282],{},"crepuscular and nocturnal",". They are strongly attracted to ",[19,285,286],{},"artificial light"," — many observations come from moths at house windows and street lamps in April and May. Daytime resting sites are tree trunks, fence posts, and walls, where the cryptic folded-wing posture blends with bark.",[15,289,290],{},"Because adults do not feed, they invest nothing in finding nectar. Their entire adult existence is devoted to reproduction.",[40,292,294],{"id":293},"defensive-display","Defensive display",[15,296,297,298,301,302,305],{},"When disturbed, the moth ",[19,299,300],{},"fans its wings"," to expose the eyespots and may produce a ",[19,303,304],{},"hissing sound"," by rubbing wing scales against the abdomen — a secondary defence alongside visual startle.",[10,307,309],{"id":308},"relationship-to-orchards","Relationship to orchards",[15,311,312],{},"Caterpillars can defoliate branches of pear, apple, and plum, but outbreaks are usually local and rarely cause lasting tree damage. In commercial orchards, populations are often controlled; in biodiversity-rich gardens and traditional orchards, the great peacock moth is valued as a spectacular native species.",[15,314,315,316,319],{},"In Russia and eastern Europe, old ",[19,317,318],{},"peasant orchards"," (сад-терем) and hedgerow fruit trees remain important strongholds as intensive agriculture replaces mixed farming.",[10,321,323],{"id":322},"conservation","Conservation",[15,325,326,328,329,332,333,336],{},[24,327,26],{}," is listed ",[19,330,331],{},"Least Concern"," globally. It remains widespread but has ",[19,334,335],{},"declined in parts of western Europe"," — Britain, the Netherlands, and parts of Germany — due to orchard loss, pesticide use, and removal of hedgerow trees.",[15,338,339,340,343],{},"In Russia and eastern Europe, populations appear more stable where traditional orchards and forest edges persist. The species is not protected in most jurisdictions but benefits from ",[19,341,342],{},"pesticide reduction"," and retention of mature fruit trees in rural landscapes.",[10,345,347],{"id":346},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[349,350,351,359,369,372,379],"ul",{},[352,353,354,355,358],"li",{},"The specific name ",[24,356,357],{},"pyri"," means \"of the pear tree\" — the species' classic host plant noted by Linnaeus",[352,360,361,362,22,365,368],{},"Despite the name \"peacock moth,\" it is unrelated to the day-flying ",[19,363,364],{},"peacock butterfly",[24,366,367],{},"Aglais io",") — both share eyespot patterns through convergent evolution",[352,370,371],{},"Cocoons are so tough that they sometimes survive for years in leaf litter; empty cocoons are often found long after the adult has emerged",[352,373,374,375,378],{},"In France, the great peacock moth is called ",[24,376,377],{},"paon de nuit"," (\"night peacock\") — the same conceptual link between eyespots and peacock feathers",[352,380,381],{},"A single female can lay enough eggs to produce caterpillars that consume several metres of branch foliage — yet the species rarely reaches pest status because natural enemies (parasitoids, birds) limit populations",{"title":383,"searchDepth":384,"depth":384,"links":385},"",2,[386,387,392,393,398,399,403,404,405],{"id":12,"depth":384,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":384,"text":38,"children":388},[389,391],{"id":42,"depth":390,"text":43},3,{"id":137,"depth":390,"text":138},{"id":155,"depth":384,"text":156},{"id":186,"depth":384,"text":187,"children":394},[395,396,397],{"id":190,"depth":390,"text":191},{"id":205,"depth":390,"text":206},{"id":227,"depth":390,"text":228},{"id":245,"depth":384,"text":246},{"id":271,"depth":384,"text":272,"children":400},[401,402],{"id":275,"depth":390,"text":276},{"id":293,"depth":390,"text":294},{"id":308,"depth":384,"text":309},{"id":322,"depth":384,"text":323},{"id":346,"depth":384,"text":347},"LC","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz.png","The great peacock moth is Europe's largest nocturnal moth — a saturniid with a wingspan up to 15 cm, striking eyespots, and antennae detecting females afar.","md","Saturniidae",null,[413,416,419],{"q":414,"a":415},"How large is the great peacock moth?","Females reach a wingspan of 120–150 mm — the largest nocturnal moth in Europe. Males are smaller, typically 80–120 mm, but have much larger feathery antennae used to detect female pheromones. For comparison, most common European day-flying butterflies have wingspans of 30–60 mm.",{"q":417,"a":418},"Why does the great peacock moth have eyespots?","The large circular eyespots on all four wings are a classic example of startle coloration. When the moth is disturbed, it suddenly exposes the wing pattern; a predator that was approaching a dull brown object sees what appears to be the eyes of a much larger animal and may hesitate or flee. The eyespots are not functional eyes — they are pigmented wing scales.",{"q":420,"a":421},"Do adult great peacock moths eat?","No. Like most Saturniidae, adults have reduced or absent mouthparts and do not feed. They live entirely on fat reserves accumulated by the caterpillar. Adult life lasts only 5–12 days — long enough to find a mate and lay eggs. This is why adults are active mainly at dusk and night, when predation risk is lower and pheromone dispersal is effective.",[423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430],"Pear (Pyrus communis)","Apple (Malus domestica)","Plum and cherry (Prunus spp.)","Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)","Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)","Willow (Salix spp.)","Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)","Privet (Ligustrum vulgare)","Photorealistic nature photo, Saturnia pyri great peacock moth male with feathery antennae, wings spread showing large eyespots on brown and grey wings, resting on tree bark at dusk, soft warm light, European orchard edge, 16:9",{},true,"species","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz","29.05.2026",1,[439,442,445,448],{"label":440,"path":441},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki",{"label":443,"path":444},"Death's-head Hawkmoth","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova",{"label":446,"path":447},"Caterpillar identification","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse",{"label":449,"path":450},"Atlas — Europe","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa",[452,453],{"label":443,"path":444},{"label":454,"path":455},"Oleander Hawkmoth","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy","April — May (single generation)",{"title":458,"description":459},"Great Peacock Moth (Saturnia pyri) — Europe's Largest Moth","Great peacock moth: identification, eyespots, wingspan up to 15 cm, pheromone detection, lifecycle on fruit trees, and where to find Saturnia pyri in Europe and Russia.",{"loc":435},"vidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbolshoj-pavlinij-glaz",[463,464,465,466],"giant silkmoths","nocturnal moths","saturniidae","spring moths","80-150","SnQGizRZTf3Gm7yElAoahIdiqMgBD2MpHW--3qOBpDw",[470,476,481,486,492,498,503,509,514,520,526,531,536,541,547,552,557,561,566,571,576,581,586,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,637,642,647,653,658,664,669,674,679,684,688,693,698,703,708,713,719,725,731,736,742,747,752,757,762,767,772,777,782,787,793,798,803,808,813,818,823,828,834,839],{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Amanda's Blue","Amanda's blue is a large blue with vivid blue wings. Males are intense blue without orange lunules, unlike most related species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-amanda.jpg","01.05.2026",{"title":477,"description":478,"path":479,"coverImage":480,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Apollo","The Apollo is a large mountain butterfly with semi-transparent white wings and red \"eyespots.\" A protected species listed in the Red Data Book of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"title":482,"description":483,"path":484,"coverImage":485,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Arran Brown","The Arran brown is a dark brown butterfly of forest edges with characteristic eyespots. A typical member of the genus *Erebia*.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchernushka.jpg",{"title":487,"description":488,"path":489,"coverImage":490,"publishedAt":491,"order":411},"Bhutan Glory","The Bhutan Glory is a spectacular Himalayan swallowtail with iridescent tails, found in cool forests of Nepal, Bhutan, and northeast India.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbutanitis-lidderdeylya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":493,"description":494,"path":495,"coverImage":496,"publishedAt":497,"order":411},"Black Hairstreak","The Black Hairstreak is one of Europe's most localised butterflies, tied to blackthorn in woodland edges. Its short June–July season makes it easy to miss.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fhvostanka-slivovaya.png","23.06.2026",{"title":499,"description":500,"path":501,"coverImage":502,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Black-veined White","The black-veined white is a large white butterfly with dark wing veins, whose caterpillars overwinter in colonies and strip fruit-tree leaves in spring.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboyaryshnitsa.jpg",{"title":504,"description":505,"path":506,"coverImage":507,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Blue Morpho","The blue morpho is a tropical butterfly with metallic-blue wings up to 130 mm across. Its iridescent sheen comes from nanostructure, not pigment.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","24.06.2026",{"title":510,"description":511,"path":512,"coverImage":513,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Brimstone","The brimstone is the first butterfly of spring: males bright yellow, females greenish white. It lives longer than most butterflies — up to 13 months.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flimonnitsa.jpg",{"title":515,"description":516,"path":517,"coverImage":518,"publishedAt":519,"order":411},"Brown Hairstreak","The Brown Hairstreak is one of Europe's most secretive butterflies, living high in tree canopies. Its eggs on blackthorn twigs reveal it in winter.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-berezovyj.png","25.06.2026",{"title":521,"description":522,"path":523,"coverImage":524,"publishedAt":525,"order":411},"Cardinal","The cardinal (Argynnis pandora) is the largest Mediterranean fritillary — its hindwing underside suffused with crimson, giving the species its English name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-pandora.png","12.08.2026",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Cleopatra","Cleopatra is a large butterfly of southern Russia and the Mediterranean. Males have a bright orange patch on the forewing — the most vivid of the brimstones.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-kleopatra.jpg",{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Clouded Apollo","The clouded Apollo is a rare mountain butterfly with white semi-transparent wings and black spots. Listed in Red Data Books of many regions of Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnemozina.jpg",{"title":537,"description":538,"path":539,"coverImage":540,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Comma","The comma is a butterfly with uneven, 'ragged' wing margins. On the underside of the hindwings is a white mark shaped like a comma — its second common name.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fugolnitsa.jpg",{"title":542,"description":543,"path":544,"coverImage":545,"publishedAt":546,"order":411},"Common Birdwing","The Common Birdwing is one of the most widespread true birdwings, giant iridescent swallowtails found from South Asia to the western Pacific.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-elena.png","20.07.2026",{"title":548,"description":549,"path":550,"coverImage":551,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Common Blue","The common blue is one of the most widespread blues of the temperate zone and Eurasia. Males are intensely blue, females brown. It occurs on any meadow with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-ikarus.jpg",{"title":553,"description":554,"path":555,"coverImage":556,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Dark Green Fritillary","The dark green fritillary is a meadow butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The underside of the hindwings is dark green with silvery triangular spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-aglaya.jpg",{"title":443,"description":558,"path":444,"coverImage":559,"publishedAt":560,"order":411},"The death's-head hawkmoth is a dramatic sphingid with a skull-like thorax pattern, powerful flight, and a squeak when disturbed — a regular migrant to Europe.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmertvaya-golova.png","12.06.2026",{"title":562,"description":563,"path":564,"coverImage":565,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Dryad","The dryad is a large dark butterfly of the browns with bluish eyespots, living in floodplain forests and reed beds across Eurasia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-driad.jpg",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"False Heath Fritillary","The false heath fritillary is a small meadow butterfly with a checkered pattern. It inhabits damp meadows with valerian — the main caterpillar host plant.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-diktinna.jpg",{"title":572,"description":573,"path":574,"coverImage":575,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Glanville Fritillary","The Glanville fritillary is a small butterfly with a checkered pattern of reddish and black patches — a classic subject of population ecology research.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-cinxia.jpg",{"title":577,"description":578,"path":579,"coverImage":580,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Glasswing Butterfly","The glasswing butterfly Greta oto is a nymphalid with transparent wings lacking scales in the center — a master of camouflage in Central American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":582,"description":583,"path":584,"coverImage":585,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Grayling","The grayling is a large brown of rocky and sandy places. A master of camouflage: on stone or bark it is almost invisible.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-semele.jpg",{"title":5,"description":408,"path":435,"coverImage":407,"publishedAt":436,"order":411},{"title":588,"description":589,"path":590,"coverImage":591,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Green Hairstreak","The green hairstreak is a small blue with bright emerald-green undersides. Widespread in Europe and Asia, it lives on edges and rough ground.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbronzovka.jpg",{"title":593,"description":594,"path":595,"coverImage":596,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Green-underside Blue","The green-underside blue is a small spring blue. The underside of the hindwings is bright green with white-ringed spots, making it easy to identify.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-aleksis.jpg",{"title":598,"description":599,"path":600,"coverImage":601,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Green-veined White","The green-veined white is a small white with characteristic green veins on the underside of the hindwings. The most common of the three \"garden whites.\"","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbryukvennitsa.jpg",{"title":603,"description":604,"path":605,"coverImage":606,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Heliconius Melpomene","Heliconius melpomene is a tropical nymphalid with red-and-black wings, a classic example of Müllerian mimicry, inhabiting Central and South American forests.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Hercules Grayling","The Hercules grayling is a large mountain brown. It is close to the grayling but larger and lives in more rocky, mountainous landscapes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsatir-gerkules.jpg",{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"High Brown Fritillary","The high brown fritillary is a large meadow and woodland butterfly. The underside of the hindwings is green with silvery spots and reddish strokes.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-adippe.jpg",{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Large Blue","The large blue is a big blue butterfly with an unusual life cycle: the caterpillar parasitizes colonies of red ants. A protected species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-arion.jpg",{"title":623,"description":624,"path":625,"coverImage":626,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Large Tortoiseshell","The large tortoiseshell is a nymphalid with tawny brown, variegated wings, resembling the small tortoiseshell but bigger, with different host plants.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmnogotsvetnitsa.jpg",{"title":628,"description":629,"path":630,"coverImage":631,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Large White","The large white is the commonest white butterfly in gardens, whose caterpillars eat cabbage. Larger than the small white, with dark wing spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkapustnitsa.jpg",{"title":633,"description":634,"path":635,"coverImage":636,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Lesser Purple Emperor","The lesser purple emperor is a close relative of the purple emperor. It is smaller, with a warmer reddish tint and a larger orange 'eyespot' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iliya.jpg",{"title":638,"description":639,"path":640,"coverImage":641,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Marbled Fritillary","The marbled fritillary (*Brenthis ino*) is a small fritillary of wet meadows. The underside of the hindwings is mottled yellow-violet with pearly spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbrenthis-ino.jpg",{"title":643,"description":644,"path":645,"coverImage":646,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Marbled White","The marbled white is a large black-and-white butterfly. Its bold contrast makes it one of Europe's most recognizable species.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-galatea.jpg",{"title":648,"description":649,"path":650,"coverImage":651,"publishedAt":652,"order":411},"Meadow Brown","The meadow brown is the commonest butterfly in Britain and one of Europe's most abundant, with a distinctive forewing eyespot.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fvolovij-glaz.png","21.06.2026",{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Meleager's Blue","Meleager's blue is a large, handsome blue. Males are bright blue with a broad dark border; the underside of the wings has a characteristic white streak.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgolubyanka-dafnis.jpg",{"title":659,"description":660,"path":661,"coverImage":662,"publishedAt":663,"order":411},"Mocker Swallowtail","The Mocker Swallowtail is an African swallowtail famous for females with dozens of forms, each mimicking a different distasteful butterfly.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-dardan.png","23.07.2026",{"title":665,"description":666,"path":667,"coverImage":668,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Monarch","The monarch is the world's most famous migratory butterfly, covering up to 4,500 km per season, with orange wings marked by black veins and white spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"title":670,"description":671,"path":672,"coverImage":673,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Mourning Cloak","The mourning cloak is a large butterfly with dark chocolate wings bordered by a yellow band and blue spots — one of Europe's longest-lived butterflies.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ftraurnitsa.jpg",{"title":675,"description":676,"path":677,"coverImage":678,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Nickerl's Fritillary","Nickerl's fritillary is a small butterfly with the typical checkered nymphalid pattern, occurring on dry meadows with plantain in European Russia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fshashechnitsa-aurelia.jpg",{"title":680,"description":681,"path":682,"coverImage":683,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Old World Swallowtail","The Old World swallowtail is a large, recognizable swallowtail of the temperate zone: yellow wings, black pattern, and bright 'tails' on the hindwings.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg",{"title":454,"description":685,"path":455,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":687,"order":411},"The oleander hawkmoth is a tropical sphingid, apple-green with pink bands, hovering at dusk over oleander. A Mediterranean resident, rare vagrant to Europe.","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbraznik-oleandrovy.png","09.06.2026",{"title":689,"description":690,"path":691,"coverImage":692,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Orange Tip","The orange tip is an early-spring white with an orange patch on the male's forewing. One of the first pierids to appear after snow melt.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzoryanka.jpg",{"title":694,"description":695,"path":696,"coverImage":697,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Owl Butterfly","The owl butterfly Caligo memnon is a crepuscular nymphalid with large 'owl eyes' on its wing undersides, wingspan to 150 mm, in Central and South America.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg",{"title":699,"description":700,"path":701,"coverImage":702,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Painted Lady","The painted lady is one of the longest-distance migrants among butterflies. Each year it travels thousands of kilometres from Africa into Europe and temperate Eurasia across its range.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepeynitsa.jpg",{"title":704,"description":705,"path":706,"coverImage":707,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Pale Clouded Yellow","The pale clouded yellow is a yellow or whitish pierid. Males are lemon yellow, females often white. It lives on meadows with clover.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzheltushka-lugovaya.jpg",{"title":709,"description":710,"path":711,"coverImage":712,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Peacock","The peacock is one of the most beautiful temperate-zone butterflies. Four large wing 'eyes' mimic a predator's gaze, protecting it from birds.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpavliniy-glaz.jpg",{"title":714,"description":715,"path":716,"coverImage":717,"publishedAt":718,"order":411},"Pearl Heath","The pearl heath (Coenonympha arcania) is a small satyr butterfly of Central and Southern Europe, with a white postdiscal stripe and silver-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png","04.08.2026",{"title":720,"description":721,"path":722,"coverImage":723,"publishedAt":724,"order":411},"Peleides Blue Morpho","The Peleides blue morpho is one of the largest, brightest butterflies alive — its iridescent blue wings, up to 20 cm, come from light-scattering nanostructures.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-peleid.png","10.08.2026",{"title":726,"description":727,"path":728,"coverImage":729,"publishedAt":730,"order":411},"Plain Tiger","The Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) is among the world's most widely distributed butterflies, ranging from Africa to South Asia and Australia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fdanajida-hrizipp.png","16.06.2026",{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Poplar Admiral","The poplar admiral is a large forest butterfly with dark wings and a white band. Males aggressively defend territory in tree crowns.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Flentochnik-topolevyi.jpg",{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":741,"order":411},"Priam's Birdwing","Priam's Birdwing is one of the largest, most spectacular butterflies. Males show iridescent green and black wings; larger females are brown and yellow.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-priam.png","05.06.2026",{"title":743,"description":744,"path":745,"coverImage":746,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Purple Emperor","The purple emperor is one of the most beautiful butterflies in Europe. The male's wings shimmer with violet-blue iridescence in certain light.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperelivnitsa-iris.jpg",{"title":748,"description":749,"path":750,"coverImage":751,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Purple Hairstreak","The purple hairstreak is a small lycaenid with emerald-green undersides, living in oak woodland across Europe, most active high in the canopy.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fzefir-dubovyi.jpg",{"title":753,"description":754,"path":755,"coverImage":756,"publishedAt":508,"order":411},"Queen Alexandra's Birdwing","Queen Alexandra's birdwing is the world's largest day-flying butterfly, female wingspan up to 280 mm. Lives only in Papua New Guinea; endangered.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-aleksandry.jpg",{"title":758,"description":759,"path":760,"coverImage":761,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Queen of Spain Fritillary","The queen of Spain fritillary is a small butterfly with numerous silvery spots on the hindwing underside, occurring from lowlands to mountains.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-malaya.jpg",{"title":763,"description":764,"path":765,"coverImage":766,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Red Admiral","The red admiral is a migratory butterfly with dark brown wings and a scarlet band. Each summer it migrates into temperate Eurasia, reaching the northern part of its range from the Mediterranean.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg",{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Scarce Swallowtail","The scarce swallowtail is a large swallowtail with cream-yellow wings and characteristic dark stripes. It is conspicuous in May in fruit orchards.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpodalirii.jpg",{"title":773,"description":774,"path":775,"coverImage":776,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Silver-washed Fritillary","The silver-washed fritillary is a large woodland butterfly with orange wings. The underside of the hindwings shimmers with silvery pearl-like spots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fperlamutrovka-bolshaya.jpg",{"title":778,"description":779,"path":780,"coverImage":781,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small Apollo","The small Apollo is a mountain Papilio with white wings similar to the Apollo but smaller. It lives in high mountains of the Altai, Siberia, and Central Asia.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ffeby.jpg",{"title":783,"description":784,"path":785,"coverImage":786,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small Blue","The small blue is the smallest blue in Europe, with inconspicuous gray wings in both sexes; it lives on poor dry meadows with vetch.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkupidok.jpg",{"title":788,"description":789,"path":790,"coverImage":791,"publishedAt":792,"order":411},"Small Copper","The small copper is one of Europe's most vivid small butterflies — fiery orange-copper forewings flash in sun across meadows and heathlands worldwide.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fchervonet-ognennyj.png","19.06.2026",{"title":794,"description":795,"path":796,"coverImage":797,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small Heath","The small heath is a small reddish-brown butterfly of open meadows. It is one of the most abundant browns and occurs almost everywhere.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-obyknovennaya.jpg",{"title":799,"description":800,"path":801,"coverImage":802,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary","The small pearl-bordered fritillary is a small fritillary of wet meadows, with clear white and rusty spots in a pattern on the hindwing underside.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fboloria-selene.jpg",{"title":804,"description":805,"path":806,"coverImage":807,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small Tortoiseshell","The small tortoiseshell is one of the most common day-flying butterflies of the temperate zone, with bright orange wings, black spots, and blue marginal 'eyes'.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fkrapivnitsa.jpg",{"title":809,"description":810,"path":811,"coverImage":812,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Small White","The small white is a small white butterfly similar to the large white, whose caterpillars feed on cabbage — the most common garden pest among the whites.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Frepnitsa.jpg",{"title":814,"description":815,"path":816,"coverImage":817,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Southern Festoon","The southern festoon is an early-spring butterfly of southern Russia with cream wings and red spots — one of the first swallowtails to fly each year.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpolyksena.jpg",{"title":819,"description":820,"path":821,"coverImage":822,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Southern Swallowtail","The southern swallowtail is a rare Papilio with yellow-and-black wings, living in mountain areas of the Caucasus and Crimea, very seldom seen.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Falexanor.jpg",{"title":824,"description":825,"path":826,"coverImage":827,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"Speckled Wood","The speckled wood is a mottled orange-brown butterfly of shady woods, preferring partial shade and damp forest paths across much of Europe.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbarkhatnitsa-egeriya.jpg",{"title":829,"description":830,"path":831,"coverImage":832,"publishedAt":833,"order":411},"Ulysses Swallowtail","The Ulysses Swallowtail is a large rainforest swallowtail whose iridescent electric-blue wings flash through the canopy of Queensland and New Guinea.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fparusnik-uliss.png","02.06.2026",{"title":835,"description":836,"path":837,"coverImage":838,"publishedAt":475,"order":411},"White Admiral","The white admiral is an elegant forest butterfly with dark brown wings and a broad white band. It flies in deciduous woods with honeysuckle.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fbelolentochnik-kamilla.jpg",{"title":840,"description":841,"path":842,"coverImage":843,"publishedAt":844,"order":411},"Woodland Ringlet","The woodland ringlet (Erebia medusa) is a satyr butterfly of damp meadows across central Europe, with chocolate-brown wings and orange-ringed eyespots.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Ferebiya-meduza.png","27.07.2026",[],[847,849],{"label":443,"path":444,"coverImage":559,"latinName":848},"Acherontia atropos",{"label":454,"path":455,"coverImage":686,"latinName":850},"Daphnis nerii",[852,854,855,857],{"label":440,"path":441,"coverImage":853,"latinName":411},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki.jpg",{"label":443,"path":444,"coverImage":559,"latinName":848},{"label":446,"path":447,"coverImage":856,"latinName":411},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse.png",{"label":449,"path":450,"coverImage":858,"latinName":411},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",[860,865,867,872,878],{"title":861,"description":862,"path":863,"coverImage":864,"publishedAt":475,"order":437},"Day-flying butterflies","Day-flying butterflies are the most conspicuous Lepidoptera: they fly in sunlight, have club-shaped antennae, and often bright colouration.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":440,"description":866,"path":441,"coverImage":853,"publishedAt":475,"order":384},"Nocturnal butterflies and moths are a diverse group of Lepidoptera active at dusk and night. There are far more species than among day-flying butterflies.",{"title":868,"description":869,"path":870,"coverImage":871,"publishedAt":475,"order":390},"Large butterflies","Large butterflies impress with wingspan: from the familiar swallowtail to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 centimetres.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki.jpg",{"title":873,"description":874,"path":875,"coverImage":876,"publishedAt":475,"order":877},"Rare butterflies","Rare butterflies — threatened species: Apollo, clouded Apollo, large blue, and other declining Lepidoptera.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki.jpg",4,{"title":879,"description":880,"path":881,"coverImage":882,"publishedAt":475,"order":883},"How to identify a butterfly species","Step-by-step guide to identifying a butterfly: size, colour, wing shape, antennae, place and time of encounter. Methods without capture and using photographs.","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki.jpg",5,1787125897007]