[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":374},["ShallowReactive",2],{"glossary_en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fdiapauza":3,"alt-locale:glossary_en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fdiapauza":160,"section-listing:disabled":184,"related-covers:en:":185,"section-listing:glossary_en:\u002Fslovar":186,"related-covers:en:\u002Fslovar\u002Fmetamorfoz|\u002Fslovar\u002Fkukolka|\u002Fslovar\u002Ftermoregulyatsiya|\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki":368},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":145,"description":146,"extension":147,"faq":148,"imagePrompt":158,"meta":159,"navigation":160,"order":161,"pageType":162,"path":163,"publishedAt":164,"readingMinutes":165,"relatedLinks":166,"seo":178,"sitemap":181,"stem":182,"tags":161,"updatedAt":161,"__hash__":183},"glossary_en\u002Fslovar\u002Fdiapauza.md","Diapause",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":137},"minimark",[9,14,26,29,33,36,88,92,95,102,108,112,128],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-is-diapause","What is diapause",[15,16,17,20,21,25],"p",{},[18,19,5],"strong",{}," (from Greek ",[22,23,24],"em",{},"diapausis"," — pause) is a state of deep physiological rest in insects in which growth, development, and reproduction are suspended. Diapause is triggered in advance in response to environmental signals — usually shortening day length in autumn.",[15,27,28],{},"Unlike simple cooling, diapause is an active, genetically programmed process. The insect prepares for it: accumulates fats, synthesizes cryoprotectants (analogous to antifreeze), and reshapes its hormonal balance.",[10,30,32],{"id":31},"stages-of-diapause-in-butterflies","Stages of diapause in butterflies",[15,34,35],{},"Each species enters diapause at a specific developmental stage — a species trait that does not change from generation to generation.",[37,38,39,52],"table",{},[40,41,42],"thead",{},[43,44,45,49],"tr",{},[46,47,48],"th",{},"Stage",[46,50,51],{},"Example species",[53,54,55,64,72,80],"tbody",{},[43,56,57,61],{},[58,59,60],"td",{},"Egg",[58,62,63],{},"Lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria)",[43,65,66,69],{},[58,67,68],{},"Caterpillar",[58,70,71],{},"Black-veined white (Aporia crataegi), many fritillaries",[43,73,74,77],{},[58,75,76],{},"Pupa",[58,78,79],{},"Swallowtail (Papilio machaon), large white (Pieris brassicae)",[43,81,82,85],{},[58,83,84],{},"Adult",[58,86,87],{},"Small tortoiseshell, brimstone, mourning cloak, comma",[10,89,91],{"id":90},"overwintering-as-adults","Overwintering as adults",[15,93,94],{},"Species that overwinter as imago seek dark shelters with steady low temperature: tree hollows, space under bark, attics, caves, cellars.",[15,96,97,98,101],{},"The ",[18,99,100],{},"small tortoiseshell"," overwinters in sheds and under bark — if it warms too early, it may wake before spring and die. Therefore rooms where butterflies overwinter should not be overheated.",[15,103,97,104,107],{},[18,105,106],{},"brimstone"," overwinters among evergreen plants (ivy, mistletoe) — the male's yellow coloration mimics a leaf.",[10,109,111],{"id":110},"obligate-and-facultative-diapause","Obligate and facultative diapause",[113,114,115,122],"ul",{},[116,117,118,121],"li",{},[18,119,120],{},"Obligate"," — the species always undergoes diapause regardless of conditions (for example, most temperate-climate species)",[116,123,124,127],{},[18,125,126],{},"Facultative"," — diapause starts only under certain conditions (short day, low temperature); under favorable conditions the species develops without a break",[15,129,130,131,136],{},"More on overwintering — in the article ",[132,133,135],"a",{"href":134},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki","how butterflies overwinter",".",{"title":138,"searchDepth":139,"depth":139,"links":140},"",2,[141,142,143,144],{"id":12,"depth":139,"text":13},{"id":31,"depth":139,"text":32},{"id":90,"depth":139,"text":91},{"id":110,"depth":139,"text":111},"\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fdiapauza.png","Diapause is a state of physiological rest in insects that allows survival of an unfavorable season. In butterflies, it can occur at any developmental stage.","md",[149,152,155],{"q":150,"a":151},"What is diapause in butterflies?","Diapause is a programmed physiological halt in development that allows an insect to survive cold, drought, or another unfavorable period. It is not mere slowing — metabolism drops sharply, and growth and reproduction stop.",{"q":153,"a":154},"At which stage do butterflies enter diapause?","Different species overwinter at different stages: eggs (lackey moth), caterpillars (black-veined white), pupae (swallowtail, large white), adult butterflies (small tortoiseshell, brimstone, mourning cloak).",{"q":156,"a":157},"How does diapause differ from hibernation?","Hibernation in mammals is passive cooling of the body. Insect diapause is an active, genetically controlled process: the animal prepares in advance, accumulating fats and antifreeze substances.","Photorealistic macro photo, butterfly chrysalis in winter diapause — Papilio machaon pupa attached to dry twig covered in frost, dormant stage survival concept, cold winter atmosphere, detailed ice crystals, 16:9",{},true,null,"glossary","\u002Fslovar\u002Fdiapauza","01.05.2026",1,[167,170,172,175],{"label":168,"path":169},"Metamorphosis","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmetamorfoz",{"label":76,"path":171},"\u002Fslovar\u002Fkukolka",{"label":173,"path":174},"Thermoregulation","\u002Fslovar\u002Ftermoregulyatsiya",{"label":176,"path":177},"How butterflies overwinter","\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki",{"title":179,"description":180},"Diapause in butterflies — what it is, overwintering at different stages","Diapause — physiological rest in insects. How butterflies survive winter as eggs, caterpillars, pupae, or adults.",{"loc":163},"slovar\u002Fdiapauza","lkQnWvVfRHOvo2PbdqqWKeMZue00cd6FEfXqUoVBUJM",[],[],[187,192,197,203,208,212,217,222,223,228,233,238,244,249,254,259,264,269,272,277,282,287,292,297,302,307,312,317,322,325,330,336,342,348,353,356,362],{"title":188,"description":189,"path":190,"coverImage":191,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Antenna","Butterfly antennae are paired sensory organs on the head, used to detect odors, pheromones, and vibrations. Their shape is a key identification trait.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fantenna","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fantenna.png",{"title":193,"description":194,"path":195,"coverImage":196,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Aposematism","Aposematism is warning coloration in toxic or unpalatable butterflies. Bright colors signal danger to predators and protect the species from being eaten.","\u002Fslovar\u002Faposematizm","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Faposematizm.png",{"title":198,"description":199,"path":200,"coverImage":201,"publishedAt":202,"order":161},"Batesian Mimicry","Batesian mimicry is when a harmless species evolves to resemble a toxic or dangerous one, borrowing its predator-deterrent reputation without the actual defense.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fbatezovskaya-mimikriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fbatezovskaya-mimikriya.png","25.07.2026",{"title":204,"description":205,"path":206,"coverImage":207,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Biotope","A biotope is a uniform habitat patch with specific conditions, home to a characteristic community. Each butterfly species prefers its own biotope.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fbiotop","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fbiotop.png",{"title":68,"description":209,"path":210,"coverImage":211,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"The caterpillar is the larval stage of a butterfly, whose main task is to eat and grow — accumulating about 99% of the energy needed for transformation.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fgusenica","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fgusenica.jpg",{"title":213,"description":214,"path":215,"coverImage":216,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Chitin","Chitin is the main structural polymer of insect integument. The hard external skeleton of butterflies, wing scales, and caterpillar armor are made of chitin.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhitin","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhitin.jpg",{"title":218,"description":219,"path":220,"coverImage":221,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Chrysalis","A chrysalis is a butterfly pupa with a hard chitinous case, often with a golden or silvery sheen. Inside, the organism is completely rebuilt.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhrizalida","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhrizalida.jpg",{"title":5,"description":146,"path":163,"coverImage":145,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},{"title":224,"description":225,"path":226,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Dimorphism","Dimorphism is the existence of two distinct forms within one species. In butterflies, males and females of the same species can differ sharply in coloration.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fdimorfizm","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fdimorfizm.jpg",{"title":229,"description":230,"path":231,"coverImage":232,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Eclosion","Eclosion is the emergence of an adult butterfly from the pupa. One of the most vulnerable and striking moments in the life cycle of lepidopterans.","\u002Fslovar\u002Feklozia","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Feklozia.jpg",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Endemic","An endemic is a species that lives only in a specific geographic region and nowhere else. Islands and mountains are the main centers of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik.jpg",{"title":239,"description":240,"path":241,"coverImage":242,"publishedAt":243,"order":161},"Eyespots","Eyespots are circular wing markings that mimic a vertebrate eye, used by butterflies either to startle predators or to redirect attacks away from vital body parts.","\u002Fslovar\u002Flozhnye-glazki","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Flozhnye-glazki.png","13.08.2026",{"title":245,"description":246,"path":247,"coverImage":248,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Holometabolism","Holometabolism is a type of insect development with complete metamorphosis: egg → larva → pupa → imago. All butterflies develop by this type.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fgolometaboliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fgolometaboliya.jpg",{"title":250,"description":251,"path":252,"coverImage":253,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Host plant","A host plant is a plant whose leaves a caterpillar of a given butterfly species feeds on. Most species are strictly specialized on 1–3 host plants.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkormovoe-rastenie","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkormovoe-rastenie.jpg",{"title":255,"description":256,"path":257,"coverImage":258,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Imago","Imago is the adult, sexually mature stage of an insect with fully formed wings. The final phase of complete metamorphosis.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fimago","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fimago.jpg",{"title":260,"description":261,"path":262,"coverImage":263,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Lepidoptera","Lepidoptera is the order of scale-winged insects, including butterflies and moths. The name means “scale-winged”: wings are covered with microscopic scales.","\u002Fslovar\u002Flepidoptera","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Flepidoptera.jpg",{"title":265,"description":266,"path":267,"coverImage":268,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Melanism","Melanism is excess accumulation of dark pigment melanin, causing darkened coloration. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth is a classic evolution example.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmelanizm","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmelanizm.jpg",{"title":168,"description":270,"path":169,"coverImage":271,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Metamorphosis is complete transformation of an insect passing through four developmental stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa, and adult (imago).","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmetamorfoz.jpg",{"title":273,"description":274,"path":275,"coverImage":276,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Migration","Butterfly migration is seasonal movement over long distances. The record holder is the monarch, at up to 4,500 km; red admirals and painted ladies also migrate.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmigraciya.jpg",{"title":278,"description":279,"path":280,"coverImage":281,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Mimicry","Mimicry in butterflies is resemblance to other species or objects for protection from predators. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, with examples.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmimikriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmimikriya.jpg",{"title":283,"description":284,"path":285,"coverImage":286,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Monophage","A monophage is a species whose caterpillars feed on only one species or genus of plant. Monophagy makes a butterfly vulnerable if that plant disappears.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fmonofag","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fmonofag.jpg",{"title":288,"description":289,"path":290,"coverImage":291,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Nectar","Nectar is the sweet secretion of flowers and the main energy source for adult butterflies, which drink it through the proboscis and carry pollen too.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fnektar","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fnektar.jpg",{"title":293,"description":294,"path":295,"coverImage":296,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Oviposition","Oviposition is egg-laying by a female butterfly, who carefully chooses a host plant, tapping leaves with her legs, and lays eggs on the underside.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fovipozitsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fovipozitsiya.jpg",{"title":298,"description":299,"path":300,"coverImage":301,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Pheromones","Butterfly pheromones are chemical signals for attracting mates, marking territory, and communication. Males and females release different pheromones.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fferomon","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fferomon.jpg",{"title":303,"description":304,"path":305,"coverImage":306,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Pollination","Pollination is transfer of pollen from anther to stigma. Butterflies are important pollinators: they move pollen between flowers while feeding on nectar.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fopylenie","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fopylenie.jpg",{"title":308,"description":309,"path":310,"coverImage":311,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Polyphagy","Polyphagy is the ability to feed on a wide range of plants. Polyphagous caterpillars are less vulnerable when one host plant species is lost than monophages.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fpolifagiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fpolifagiya.jpg",{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Proboscis","The proboscis is the mouthpart of an adult butterfly, shaped as a flexible tube for sucking nectar and other liquids. At rest it is coiled in a spiral.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhobotok","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkhobotok.jpg",{"title":318,"description":319,"path":320,"coverImage":321,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Puddling","Puddling in butterflies is behavior where insects gather on damp soil, puddles, or droppings to obtain mineral salts and amino acids.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fpudling","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fpudling.jpg",{"title":76,"description":323,"path":171,"coverImage":324,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"The pupa is the third stage of complete metamorphosis, when the caterpillar transforms into a butterfly — outwardly still, but rebuilding within.","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fkukolka.jpg",{"title":326,"description":327,"path":328,"coverImage":329,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Range","Range is the geographic area within which a given butterfly species lives. Ranges may be continuous, fragmented, expanding, or shrinking.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fareal","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fareal.png",{"title":331,"description":332,"path":333,"coverImage":334,"publishedAt":335,"order":161},"Reintroduction","Reintroduction is the deliberate release of captive-bred or translocated individuals into a habitat where a species has gone locally extinct, aiming to re-establish a self-sustaining wild population.","\u002Fslovar\u002Freintroduktsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Freintroduktsiya.png","22.07.2026",{"title":337,"description":338,"path":339,"coverImage":340,"publishedAt":341,"order":161},"Relict Species","A relict species is a survivor of a once-widespread group whose range has contracted to isolated pockets — often mountaintops or glacial refuges — left over after past climate change.","\u002Fslovar\u002Freliktovyi-vid","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Freliktovyi-vid.png","01.08.2026",{"title":343,"description":344,"path":345,"coverImage":346,"publishedAt":347,"order":161},"Stenotopic Species","A stenotopic species tolerates only a narrow range of habitat conditions, unlike a eurytopic generalist that thrives across many different environments.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fstenotopnyi-vid","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fstenotopnyi-vid.png","07.08.2026",{"title":349,"description":350,"path":351,"coverImage":352,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Taxonomy","Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. Butterflies belong to order Lepidoptera; taxonomy explains why the tortoiseshell is a nymphalid, not a blue.","\u002Fslovar\u002Ftaksonomiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Ftaksonomiya.jpg",{"title":173,"description":354,"path":174,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":164,"order":161},"Thermoregulation in butterflies is maintaining working body temperature. Unable to generate heat, they warm up in sun, wings spread like solar panels.","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Ftermoregulyatsiya.jpg",{"title":357,"description":358,"path":359,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":361,"order":161},"Toxin Sequestration","Toxin sequestration is when a caterpillar stores plant-derived toxins from its host plant unchanged in its own tissues, turning the plant's chemical defense into its own.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fsekvestraciya-toksinov","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fsekvestraciya-toksinov.png","19.08.2026",{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":367,"order":161},"Wing Venation","Wing venation is the pattern of hollow, rigid veins that forms a butterfly wing's supporting framework — its precise layout is a key character for identification and classification.","\u002Fslovar\u002Fzhilkovanie-kryla","\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fzhilkovanie-kryla.png","27.07.2026",[369,370,371,372],{"label":168,"path":169,"coverImage":271,"latinName":161},{"label":76,"path":171,"coverImage":324,"latinName":161},{"label":173,"path":174,"coverImage":355,"latinName":161},{"label":176,"path":177,"coverImage":373,"latinName":161},"\u002Fimages\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki.jpg",1787125907579]