[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":90},["ShallowReactive",2],{"families_en:\u002Fsemeystva":3,"alt-locale:families_en:\u002Fsemeystva":30,"section-listing:disabled":40,"related-covers:en:":41,"section-listing:families_en:\u002Fsemeystva":42},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":26,"description":27,"extension":28,"faq":26,"imagePrompt":26,"latinName":26,"meta":29,"navigation":30,"order":26,"pageType":31,"path":32,"publishedAt":33,"readingMinutes":34,"relatedLinks":26,"seo":35,"sitemap":36,"stem":38,"taxonRank":31,"updatedAt":37,"__hash__":39},"families_en\u002Fsemeystva\u002Findex.md","Butterfly families",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":21},"minimark",[9,13,18],[10,11,12],"p",{},"This section covers eight families. Five classic day-flying groups: swallowtails, whites, nymphalids, blues, and satyrs. Alongside them are skippers, plus two moth families: giant silk moths and tiger moths. Each family has a set of characteristic features that allow you to recognize the group at a glance — wing shape and venation, structure of the front legs, and typical host plants of the caterpillars.",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"why-families-matter-for-identification","Why families matter for identification",[10,19,20],{},"Knowing the family immediately rules out most alternatives and narrows the search from hundreds of species to dozens. For example, if a butterfly has tail-like extensions on the hindwings, it is almost certainly a swallowtail. White or yellow coloration is the first sign of a white. Short front legs without claws are the hallmark of a nymphalid. More on the features of each family — in the dedicated articles below.",{"title":22,"searchDepth":23,"depth":23,"links":24},"",2,[25],{"id":16,"depth":23,"text":17},null,"Swallowtails, whites, nymphalids, blues, satyrs, skippers, giant silk moths, and tiger moths: family traits and typical representatives.","md",{},true,"family","\u002Fsemeystva","01.05.2026",1,{"title":5,"description":27},{"loc":32,"lastmod":37},"19.08.2026","semeystva\u002Findex","jjYxgZVKlm7t5y2sdD9cz6MK-Ieo7PRmymA3jUJwwzo",[],[],[43,48,53,59,65,71,78,84],{"title":44,"description":45,"path":46,"coverImage":47,"publishedAt":33,"order":34},"Nymphalidae","Nymphalidae — the largest family of day-flying butterflies: tortoiseshells, admirals, fritillaries, checkerspots, and satyrs.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy.png",{"title":49,"description":50,"path":51,"coverImage":52,"publishedAt":33,"order":23},"Swallowtails","Swallowtails (Papilionidae) — a family of large, striking butterflies: swallowtail, scarce swallowtail, Apollo, and clouded Apollo.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki.png",{"title":54,"description":55,"path":56,"coverImage":57,"publishedAt":33,"order":58},"Whites and sulphurs","Whites (Pieridae) — butterflies with white and yellow wings: large white, small white, brimstone, and black-veined white.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki.png",3,{"title":60,"description":61,"path":62,"coverImage":63,"publishedAt":33,"order":64},"Blues","Blues (Lycaenidae) — small butterflies with blue, copper, or brown wings: one of the most species-rich families of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki.png",4,{"title":66,"description":67,"path":68,"coverImage":69,"publishedAt":33,"order":70},"Satyrs","Satyrs (Satyrinae) — a nymphalid subfamily with characteristic eyespots. More than 2,400 species worldwide, many in temperate regions. Specialized on grasses.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbarkhatnitsy","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbarkhatnitsy.png",5,{"title":72,"description":73,"path":74,"coverImage":75,"publishedAt":76,"order":77},"Tiger Moths","Tiger moths (Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae) — brightly coloured night-flying moths with chemical defences and furry caterpillars. One of the largest moth families.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ferebidae","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Ferebidae.png","20.07.2026",6,{"title":79,"description":80,"path":81,"coverImage":82,"publishedAt":76,"order":83},"Skippers","Skippers (Hesperiidae) — stocky butterflies with a large head and a darting flight, morphologically intermediate between typical butterflies and moths.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fhesperiidae","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fhesperiidae.png",7,{"title":85,"description":86,"path":87,"coverImage":88,"publishedAt":76,"order":89},"Giant Silk Moths","Giant silk moths (Saturniidae) — the world's largest moths, marked by eyespots on the wings. Adults do not feed and live only a few days.","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsaturniidae","\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fsaturniidae.png",8,1787125907298]