[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":702},["ShallowReactive",2],{"identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda":3,"alt-locale:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda":651,"section-listing:disabled":664,"related-covers:en:":665,"section-listing:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel":666},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":645,"description":646,"extension":647,"faq":648,"imagePrompt":649,"meta":650,"navigation":651,"order":652,"pageType":653,"path":654,"publishedAt":655,"readingMinutes":656,"relatedLinks":648,"seo":657,"sitemap":660,"stem":662,"tags":648,"updatedAt":661,"__hash__":663},"identifier_en\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda.md","By time of year",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":630},"minimark",[9,14,18,32,39,42,46,53,58,109,111,115,118,123,158,161,163,167,170,175,239,241,245,248,253,318,320,324,327,332,387,389,393,396,401,432,435,437,441,444,449,472,474,478,485,504,506,510,594,596,600,603,610,616,619],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"how-season-helps-identification","How season helps identification",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Time of year is one of the fastest traits for narrowing the search. Many species fly only in a set period: one group in early spring, another in mid-summer, a third in autumn. A butterfly in late March is almost certainly an overwintered adult; one in early August is likely a second summer generation.",[15,19,20,21,26,27,31],{},"Use this guide together with ",[22,23,25],"a",{"href":24},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","identification by colour"," and ",[22,28,30],{"href":29},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","by place of encounter",".",[15,33,34,38],{},[35,36,37],"strong",{},"Note:"," flight periods shift by 1–2 weeks depending on year and region. Dates refer to central Russia (Moscow ±400 km). In the south (Krasnodar) everything is 2–4 weeks earlier; in the north (Saint Petersburg, Urals) 1–2 weeks later.",[40,41],"hr",{},[10,43,45],{"id":44},"march-first-early-species","March — first early species",[15,47,48,49,52],{},"The first butterflies appear above 8–10 °C — usually late March, sometimes earlier. These are ",[35,50,51],{},"species that overwinter as imago",": they survived winter as adults, hidden in bark crevices, sheds, and attics.",[15,54,55],{},[35,56,57],{},"What you may see:",[59,60,61,73,82,91,100],"ul",{},[62,63,64,67,68,72],"li",{},[35,65,66],{},"Brimstone"," (",[69,70,71],"em",{},"Gonepteryx rhamni",") — male bright yellow; female pale greenish. First mass spring butterfly. Overwintered as adult, hidden among leaves.",[62,74,75,67,78,81],{},[35,76,77],{},"Small tortoiseshell",[69,79,80],{},"Aglais urticae",") — orange with black spots. Emerges from hibernation at the first warmth.",[62,83,84,67,87,90],{},[35,85,86],{},"European peacock",[69,88,89],{},"Aglais io",") — red-brown with “eyes”. Emerges with the tortoiseshell.",[62,92,93,67,96,99],{},[35,94,95],{},"Mourning cloak",[69,97,98],{},"Nymphalis antiopa",") — dark brown with a pale yellow border. Overwintered in bark crevices; appears early, feeds on flowering willow.",[62,101,102,67,105,108],{},[35,103,104],{},"Comma",[69,106,107],{},"Polygonia c-album",") — ochre-brown with ragged margins; less conspicuous but also early.",[40,110],{},[10,112,114],{"id":113},"april-first-new-butterflies","April — first “new” butterflies",[15,116,117],{},"In April overwintered species are joined by the first butterflies from pupae and eggs of the new season.",[15,119,120],{},[35,121,122],{},"New species in April:",[59,124,125,134,143,152],{},[62,126,127,67,130,133],{},[35,128,129],{},"Map butterfly",[69,131,132],{},"Araschnia levana",", spring generation) — small, russet with a dark pattern; very unlike the summer generation",[62,135,136,67,139,142],{},[35,137,138],{},"Orange tip",[69,140,141],{},"Anthocharis cardamines",") — white with orange patch in male; female without orange; flies at edges with bittercress",[62,144,145,67,148,151],{},[35,146,147],{},"Black-veined white",[69,149,150],{},"Aporia crataegi",") — white with dark veins; first individuals by late April",[62,153,154,157],{},[35,155,156],{},"Winter moth"," (nocturnal) — males can still be found from autumn",[15,159,160],{},"April is the best time to watch the first active flights of brimstones by flowering willow and dandelions.",[40,162],{},[10,164,166],{"id":165},"may-peak-of-spring-diversity","May — peak of spring diversity",[15,168,169],{},"The richest “spring” month. Host plants leaf out; overwintered species fly actively and the first summer species appear.",[15,171,172],{},[35,173,174],{},"What flies in May:",[59,176,177,180,185,190,196,205,215,224,230],{},[62,178,179],{},"All overwintered species (brimstone, tortoiseshell, peacock, mourning cloak) — in the first half of the month",[62,181,182,184],{},[35,183,147],{}," — white clouds on garden edges",[62,186,187,189],{},[35,188,138],{}," — peak flight in the first half of May",[62,191,192,195],{},[35,193,194],{},"Map butterfly, spring generation"," — russet spring form",[62,197,198,67,201,204],{},[35,199,200],{},"Small heath",[69,202,203],{},"Coenonympha pamphilus",") — first generation",[62,206,207,210,211,214],{},[35,208,209],{},"Blues"," — first generation of many species, especially common blue (",[69,212,213],{},"Polyommatus icarus",")",[62,216,217,67,220,223],{},[35,218,219],{},"Green hairstreak",[69,221,222],{},"Callophrys rubi",") — bright green below; in shrubs",[62,225,226,229],{},[35,227,228],{},"Checkerspots"," — checkered, May",[62,231,232,67,235,238],{},[35,233,234],{},"Mnemosyne",[69,236,237],{},"Parnassius mnemosyne",") — late May in the Caucasus and Altai",[40,240],{},[10,242,244],{"id":243},"june-peak-species-diversity","June — peak species diversity",[15,246,247],{},"The richest month of the year. All spring species fly; second generations of many species begin; summer species start.",[15,249,250],{},[35,251,252],{},"Characteristic species in June:",[59,254,255,264,273,282,288,297,303,312],{},[62,256,257,67,260,263],{},[35,258,259],{},"Old World swallowtail",[69,261,262],{},"Papilio machaon",") — first generation; on umbellifers (carrot, dill)",[62,265,266,67,269,272],{},[35,267,268],{},"Scarce swallowtail",[69,270,271],{},"Iphiclides podalirius",") — yellow-white with dark stripes and long tails",[62,274,275,67,278,281],{},[35,276,277],{},"Apollo",[69,279,280],{},"Parnassius apollo",") — white with red eyespots; mountains and limestone slopes",[62,283,284,287],{},[35,285,286],{},"Fritillaries"," — large russet nymphalids with silver below",[62,289,290,67,293,296],{},[35,291,292],{},"Red admiral",[69,294,295],{},"Vanessa atalanta",") — first migrants",[62,298,299,302],{},[35,300,301],{},"Satyrines"," — meadow brown, ringlet",[62,304,305,67,308,311],{},[35,306,307],{},"Clouded yellows",[69,309,310],{},"Colias",") — yellow and orange",[62,313,314,317],{},[35,315,316],{},"Map butterfly, summer generation"," — dark with white spots (second generation, unlike the spring form)",[40,319],{},[10,321,323],{"id":322},"july-peak-abundance","July — peak abundance",[15,325,326],{},"July has the highest number of individuals with slightly fewer species than June. Second flight peak for many species.",[15,328,329],{},[35,330,331],{},"Characteristic species in July:",[59,333,334,343,349,358,367,373,382],{},[62,335,336,67,339,342],{},[35,337,338],{},"Painted lady",[69,340,341],{},"Vanessa cardui",") — migrant; mass flights in “good” years",[62,344,345,346],{},"Second generation of ",[35,347,348],{},"blues, whites, checkerspots",[62,350,351,67,354,357],{},[35,352,353],{},"Grayling",[69,355,356],{},"Minois dryas",") — large dark satyrine with blue eyespots",[62,359,360,67,363,366],{},[35,361,362],{},"Purple emperor",[69,364,365],{},"Apatura iris",") — male with blue sheen; floodplain forest",[62,368,369,372],{},[35,370,371],{},"Admirals"," — poplar, white",[62,374,375,67,378,381],{},[35,376,377],{},"Ringlets",[69,379,380],{},"Erebia",") — peak in mountains",[62,383,345,384],{},[35,385,386],{},"tortoiseshell, peacock",[40,388],{},[10,390,392],{"id":391},"august-late-summer-start-of-hibernation","August — late summer, start of hibernation",[15,394,395],{},"Species diversity drops. Some species are already in diapause (pupa, egg, caterpillar); adults that overwinter prepare for dormancy.",[15,397,398],{},[35,399,400],{},"What is active in August:",[59,402,403,408,413,419,424,429],{},[62,404,405,407],{},[35,406,338],{}," — migrates south by month’s end",[62,409,410,412],{},[35,411,292],{}," — feeds on overripe fruit (plums, pears)",[62,414,415,418],{},[35,416,417],{},"Tortoiseshell, peacock"," — second generation; enter hibernation by late August",[62,420,345,421],{},[35,422,423],{},"swallowtail, clouded yellows",[62,425,426,428],{},[35,427,301],{}," — small heath, meadow brown still flying",[62,430,431],{},"In mountains — last ringlets and apollos",[15,433,434],{},"August is good for watching thistle, burdock, and buddleia: painted lady, admiral, and checkerspots gather there.",[40,436],{},[10,438,440],{"id":439},"september-late-species","September — late species",[15,442,443],{},"Only the hardiest and latest species are active. Nights are cold, days still warm — butterflies bask on heated stones and trunks.",[15,445,446],{},[35,447,448],{},"What you may find:",[59,450,451,456,462,467],{},[62,452,453,455],{},[35,454,66],{}," — active while temperature stays above 10 °C; hibernates under leaves",[62,457,458,461],{},[35,459,460],{},"Tortoiseshell, comma"," — until frost",[62,463,464,466],{},[35,465,292],{}," — last individuals on warm days; some migrate",[62,468,469,471],{},[35,470,307],{}," — late generation still flies in the first half of September",[40,473],{},[10,475,477],{"id":476},"octobernovember-winter-geometrids","October–November — winter geometrids",[15,479,480,481,484],{},"Day-flying butterflies are gone, but in October–November specific ",[35,482,483],{},"overwintering geometrid moths"," fly:",[59,486,487,495],{},[62,488,489,67,491,494],{},[35,490,156],{},[69,492,493],{},"Operophtera brumata",") — males fly at freezing temperatures; females wingless, crawl on tree trunks. Look on oak and apple trunks in November with a torch.",[62,496,497,67,500,503],{},[35,498,499],{},"Autumnal moth",[69,501,502],{},"Epirrita autumnata",") — slightly earlier, October.",[40,505],{},[10,507,509],{"id":508},"summary-table-by-month","Summary table by month",[511,512,513,526],"table",{},[514,515,516],"thead",{},[517,518,519,523],"tr",{},[520,521,522],"th",{},"Month",[520,524,525],{},"What flies",[527,528,529,538,546,554,562,570,578,586],"tbody",{},[517,530,531,535],{},[532,533,534],"td",{},"March",[532,536,537],{},"Brimstone, tortoiseshell, peacock, mourning cloak",[517,539,540,543],{},[532,541,542],{},"April",[532,544,545],{},"+ orange tip, map butterfly spring form, first blues",[517,547,548,551],{},[532,549,550],{},"May",[532,552,553],{},"+ black-veined white, green hairstreak, small heath, checkerspots",[517,555,556,559],{},[532,557,558],{},"June",[532,560,561],{},"+ swallowtail, scarce swallowtail, apollo, fritillaries, satyrines",[517,563,564,567],{},[532,565,566],{},"July",[532,568,569],{},"+ painted lady, red admiral, purple emperor, admirals, grayling",[517,571,572,575],{},[532,573,574],{},"August",[532,576,577],{},"Late generations; tortoiseshell and peacock heading to hibernation",[517,579,580,583],{},[532,581,582],{},"September",[532,584,585],{},"Brimstone, tortoiseshell, admiral — in declining numbers",[517,587,588,591],{},[532,589,590],{},"October–November",[532,592,593],{},"Winter geometrids (nocturnal)",[40,595],{},[10,597,599],{"id":598},"two-brooded-species-identification-caution","Two-brooded species: identification caution",[15,601,602],{},"Some species have two generations per year that look very different:",[15,604,605,67,607,609],{},[35,606,129],{},[69,608,132],{},"): spring generation russet with a dark pattern, like a small fritillary; summer generation dark brown with a white band, like a small admiral. They are often taken for two species.",[15,611,612,615],{},[35,613,614],{},"Many blues",": the spring brood is smaller and duller than the summer brood.",[15,617,618],{},"If a butterfly does not match the usual look — check whether it is another seasonal generation.",[15,620,621,622,26,626,31],{},"More on seasonality — in ",[22,623,625],{"href":624},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl","butterfly life cycle",[22,627,629],{"href":628},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki","how butterflies overwinter",{"title":631,"searchDepth":632,"depth":632,"links":633},"",2,[634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644],{"id":12,"depth":632,"text":13},{"id":44,"depth":632,"text":45},{"id":113,"depth":632,"text":114},{"id":165,"depth":632,"text":166},{"id":243,"depth":632,"text":244},{"id":322,"depth":632,"text":323},{"id":391,"depth":632,"text":392},{"id":439,"depth":632,"text":440},{"id":476,"depth":632,"text":477},{"id":508,"depth":632,"text":509},{"id":598,"depth":632,"text":599},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda.png","Seasonal butterfly identification guide: which species fly in March, April, May, June, July, August, and autumn — with examples by month.","md",null,"Photorealistic four-season nature collage — Gonepteryx rhamni on snowdrops (spring), Papilio machaon on summer flowers, Vanessa atalanta on autumn leaves, Polygonia c-album hibernating on bark (winter), four equal panels, 16:9",{},true,5,"identifier","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda","01.05.2026",1,{"title":658,"description":659},"Butterflies by time of year — seasonal identification guide","Which butterflies fly in spring, summer, and autumn. Seasonal identification guide by month: March–November, with species examples.",{"loc":654,"lastmod":661},"27.07.2026","opredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda","syx44uVgve_DQBvb2Tg9ldqGpt3hwRH6IX7hmTLlBiQ",[],[],[667,672,677,683,689,690,696],{"title":668,"description":669,"path":670,"coverImage":671,"publishedAt":655,"order":656},"By wing colour","Butterfly identification by wing colour: find a species by main colouration — from white whites to blue blues and patterned nymphalids.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev.png",{"title":673,"description":674,"path":675,"coverImage":676,"publishedAt":655,"order":632},"By size","Butterfly identification by size: from tiny blues with a 15 mm wingspan to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 cm — a quick guide by wingspan.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru.png",{"title":678,"description":679,"path":680,"coverImage":681,"publishedAt":655,"order":682},"By wing shape","Butterfly identification by wing shape: tails, scalloped edges, angular tips, rounded and elongated wings — with species examples.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev.png",3,{"title":684,"description":685,"path":686,"coverImage":687,"publishedAt":655,"order":688},"By place of encounter","Butterfly identification by place of encounter: meadow, forest, woodland edge, garden, bog, mountains, coast — which species live where.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi.png",4,{"title":5,"description":646,"path":654,"coverImage":645,"publishedAt":655,"order":652},{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":655,"order":695},"By caterpillar","Caterpillar identification guide: green, hairy, with a horn, with eyespots, with spines. How to tell which butterfly will emerge from a caterpillar you found.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse.png",6,{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":655,"order":701},"Common identification mistakes","The most common mistakes when identifying butterflies: confusing sexes, seasonal forms, similar species. Each case explained with examples.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii.png",7,1787125911620]