[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":361},["ShallowReactive",2],{"identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev":3,"alt-locale:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev":310,"section-listing:disabled":323,"related-covers:en:":324,"section-listing:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel":325},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":304,"description":305,"extension":306,"faq":307,"imagePrompt":308,"meta":309,"navigation":310,"order":311,"pageType":312,"path":313,"publishedAt":314,"readingMinutes":315,"relatedLinks":307,"seo":316,"sitemap":319,"stem":321,"tags":307,"updatedAt":320,"__hash__":322},"identifier_en\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev.md","By wing shape",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":292},"minimark",[9,14,18,32,35,39,42,59,68,77,95,107,113,115,119,122,131,140,149,151,155,158,164,174,180,182,186,189,195,201,203,207,216,222,224,228,231,260,262,266,285],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"why-look-at-wing-shape","Why look at wing shape",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Wing shape often narrows the search to a few species before you have studied colour or pattern. It is especially useful in flight: a butterfly’s silhouette stays recognizable in any light.",[15,19,20,21,26,27,31],{},"Use shape together with ",[22,23,25],"a",{"href":24},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","colour"," and ",[22,28,30],{"href":29},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","size"," — all three traits together almost always lead to the right family, and often straight to the species.",[33,34],"hr",{},[10,36,38],{"id":37},"with-long-tails-on-the-hindwings","With long “tails” on the hindwings",[15,40,41],{},"Tails are thread-like or paddle-shaped projections on the hindwing — typical of several groups.",[15,43,44,48,49,53,54,58],{},[45,46,47],"strong",{},"Old World swallowtail"," (",[50,51,52],"em",{},"Papilio machaon",") — yellow with a black pattern. Tails 1–1.5 cm long, moderately broad. Russia’s best-known “tailed” species. ",[22,55,57],{"href":56},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki","Swallowtail family",".",[15,60,61,48,64,67],{},[45,62,63],{},"Scarce swallowtail",[50,65,66],{},"Iphiclides podalirius",") — pale yellow with dark stripes. Tails very long and narrow — the longest among Russian swallowtails, almost thread-like.",[15,69,70,48,73,76],{},[45,71,72],{},"Maack’s swallowtail",[50,74,75],{},"Papilio maackii",") — black with a blue sheen, large. Russian Far East.",[15,78,79,48,82,85,86,89,90,94],{},[45,80,81],{},"Hairstreaks",[50,83,84],{},"Callophrys",", ",[50,87,88],{},"Favonius",") — small, with thin thread-like tails. ",[22,91,93],{"href":92},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki","Blues family",". Tails are short but clearly visible.",[15,96,97,48,100,85,103,106],{},[45,98,99],{},"Small blues",[50,101,102],{},"Cupido",[50,104,105],{},"Everes",") — very small; tails are thread-like and barely visible without a hand lens.",[15,108,109,112],{},[45,110,111],{},"Swallowtails vs. blues by tails:"," swallowtails have broad or medium tails on a large butterfly’s broad wing. Blues have fine threads on a tiny wing.",[33,114],{},[10,116,118],{"id":117},"with-angular-ragged-wing-edges","With angular, “ragged” wing edges",[15,120,121],{},"Scalloped or angular uneven edges are camouflage: such wings resemble a chewed or dry leaf.",[15,123,124,48,127,130],{},[45,125,126],{},"Brimstone",[50,128,129],{},"Gonepteryx rhamni",") — wings with characteristic angular “teeth” along the margin, mimicking a leaf. Yellow male and greenish female.",[15,132,133,48,136,139],{},[45,134,135],{},"Comma",[50,137,138],{},"Polygonia c-album",") — ochre-brown with dark spots. Wing margins deeply cut; silhouette angular. The underside resembles bark with a white “C” mark on the hindwings. Nymphalid family.",[15,141,142,48,145,148],{},[45,143,144],{},"Small tortoiseshell",[50,146,147],{},"Aglais urticae",") — orange with black spots. The forewing apex is blunt and slightly uneven; hindwing margin moderately scalloped.",[33,150],{},[10,152,154],{"id":153},"with-rounded-wings-without-projections","With rounded wings, without projections",[15,156,157],{},"Most “ordinary” butterflies have more or less smooth margins.",[15,159,160,163],{},[45,161,162],{},"Nymphalids"," in general: small tortoiseshell, European peacock, red admiral, fritillaries, checkerspots — in most, forewings are triangular with a straight or slightly concave leading edge; hindwings more rounded.",[15,165,166,48,169,173],{},[45,167,168],{},"Whites",[22,170,172],{"href":171},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki","large white",", small white, black-veined white) — broad wings; forewing apex rounded-angular; hindwings softly rounded.",[15,175,176,179],{},[45,177,178],{},"Satyrines"," — hindwings often with a wavy margin and small teeth, but without pronounced tails.",[33,181],{},[10,183,185],{"id":184},"with-elongated-arrow-shaped-wings","With elongated, “arrow-shaped” wings",[15,187,188],{},"Narrow forewings and swept-back hindwings — a sign of fast, manoeuvrable species.",[15,190,191,194],{},[45,192,193],{},"Hawk moths"," (Sphingidae, nocturnal) — wings very narrow and long; hindwings small. In flight they resemble small hummingbirds or jets. Active at dusk.",[15,196,197,200],{},[45,198,199],{},"Skippers"," (Hesperiidae) — small; forewings triangular and rather narrow; hindwings relatively small. Flight fast and “skipping”.",[33,202],{},[10,204,206],{"id":205},"with-very-broad-sail-like-wings","With very broad, sail-like wings",[15,208,209,48,212,215],{},[45,210,211],{},"Apollo",[50,213,214],{},"Parnassius apollo",") — forewings broad and slightly elongated; hindwings rounded; together a large “sail”. Slow gliding flight.",[15,217,218,221],{},[45,219,220],{},"Birdwings"," (tropical) — giant wings with an elongated forewing and narrow hindwing. Not found in Russia.",[33,223],{},[10,225,227],{"id":226},"asymmetry-between-fore-and-hindwings","Asymmetry between fore- and hindwings",[15,229,230],{},"In most butterflies the forewings are larger than the hindwings. But the ratio differs:",[232,233,234,242,248,254],"ul",{},[235,236,237,238,241],"li",{},"In ",[45,239,240],{},"whites and nymphalids"," — fore- and hindwings are roughly the same height; the butterfly looks “square”.",[235,243,237,244,247],{},[45,245,246],{},"swallowtails"," — hindwings are noticeably wider and extend backward.",[235,249,237,250,253],{},[45,251,252],{},"hawk moths"," — forewings are 2–3 times longer than hindwings.",[235,255,237,256,259],{},[45,257,258],{},"blues"," — fore- and hindwings are almost the same size; at rest the butterfly folds them neatly upright.",[33,261],{},[10,263,265],{"id":264},"practical-algorithm-for-identification-by-shape","Practical algorithm for identification by shape",[267,268,269,272,275,278],"ol",{},[235,270,271],{},"Are there tails? → Swallowtail or blue (by size).",[235,273,274],{},"Are the edges angular or “ragged”? → Brimstone or comma.",[235,276,277],{},"Are the wings very narrow and elongated? → Hawk moth (dusk) or skipper.",[235,279,280,281,26,283,58],{},"Everything else → see ",[22,282,25],{"href":24},[22,284,30],{"href":29},[15,286,287,288,58],{},"For difficult cases — ",[22,289,291],{"href":290},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","common identification mistakes",{"title":293,"searchDepth":294,"depth":294,"links":295},"",2,[296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303],{"id":12,"depth":294,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":294,"text":38},{"id":117,"depth":294,"text":118},{"id":153,"depth":294,"text":154},{"id":184,"depth":294,"text":185},{"id":205,"depth":294,"text":206},{"id":226,"depth":294,"text":227},{"id":264,"depth":294,"text":265},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev.png","Butterfly identification by wing shape: tails, scalloped edges, angular tips, rounded and elongated wings — with species examples.","md",null,"Clean scientific illustration, butterfly wing shape diversity chart — rounded wings (Gonepteryx), angular notched wings (Polygonia), tailed swallowtail (Papilio), scalloped edges (Nymphalis), arranged in grid, natural history museum style, 16:9",{},true,3,"identifier","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","01.05.2026",1,{"title":317,"description":318},"Butterflies by wing shape — identification guide with species examples","Butterfly identification by wing shape: with tails, scalloped edge, angular, rounded. Examples of typical species with descriptions.",{"loc":313,"lastmod":320},"27.07.2026","opredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","ccc5Ma9hZTVLraicomwAZLvHiohH6xUEAblmkd1OxDY",[],[],[326,331,336,337,343,349,355],{"title":327,"description":328,"path":329,"coverImage":330,"publishedAt":314,"order":315},"By wing colour","Butterfly identification by wing colour: find a species by main colouration — from white whites to blue blues and patterned nymphalids.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev.png",{"title":332,"description":333,"path":334,"coverImage":335,"publishedAt":314,"order":294},"By size","Butterfly identification by size: from tiny blues with a 15 mm wingspan to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 cm — a quick guide by wingspan.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru.png",{"title":5,"description":305,"path":313,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":314,"order":311},{"title":338,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":314,"order":342},"By place of encounter","Butterfly identification by place of encounter: meadow, forest, woodland edge, garden, bog, mountains, coast — which species live where.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi.png",4,{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":314,"order":348},"By time of year","Seasonal butterfly identification guide: which species fly in March, April, May, June, July, August, and autumn — with examples by month.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda.png",5,{"title":350,"description":351,"path":352,"coverImage":353,"publishedAt":314,"order":354},"By caterpillar","Caterpillar identification guide: green, hairy, with a horn, with eyespots, with spines. How to tell which butterfly will emerge from a caterpillar you found.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse.png",6,{"title":356,"description":357,"path":358,"coverImage":359,"publishedAt":314,"order":360},"Common identification mistakes","The most common mistakes when identifying butterflies: confusing sexes, seasonal forms, similar species. Each case explained with examples.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii.png",7,1787125911582]