[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":399},["ShallowReactive",2],{"identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev":3,"alt-locale:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev":348,"section-listing:disabled":361,"related-covers:en:":362,"section-listing:identifier_en:\u002Fopredelitel":363},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":333,"description":334,"extension":335,"faq":336,"imagePrompt":346,"meta":347,"navigation":348,"order":349,"pageType":350,"path":351,"publishedAt":352,"readingMinutes":349,"relatedLinks":353,"seo":354,"sitemap":357,"stem":359,"tags":353,"updatedAt":358,"__hash__":360},"identifier_en\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev.md","By wing colour",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":320},"minimark",[9,14,18,24,56,59,63,70,81,90,99,108,110,114,123,139,148,150,154,157,166,175,189,191,195,204,206,210,213,223,232,234,238,244,253,262,264,268,277,283,285,289,292],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"how-to-use-colour-for-identification","How to use colour for identification",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Wing colour is one of the fastest ways to narrow the search when identifying a butterfly. Find the matching colour group below and compare the description with what you see.",[15,19,20],{},[21,22,23],"strong",{},"Important caveats before you start:",[25,26,27,31,40,43],"ul",{},[28,29,30],"li",{},"Upper and lower wing surfaces often differ. The upper side is visible in flight; the lower side when the butterfly sits with wings folded.",[28,32,33,34,39],{},"In many species males and females are coloured differently (especially in ",[35,36,38],"a",{"href":37},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki","blues","). Below, males are described unless stated otherwise.",[28,41,42],{},"Colour can vary slightly with lighting, wear, and geographic population.",[28,44,45,46,50,51,55],{},"One colour alone does not guarantee identification. Also use ",[35,47,49],{"href":48},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","wing shape"," and ",[35,52,54],{"href":53},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","size",".",[57,58],"hr",{},[10,60,62],{"id":61},"white-and-cream","White and cream",[15,64,65,66,55],{},"Butterflies with predominantly white upper wings almost always belong to ",[35,67,69],{"href":68},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki","whites and sulphurs (Pieridae)",[15,71,72,75,76,80],{},[21,73,74],{},"Large white"," (",[77,78,79],"em",{},"Pieris brassicae",") — a large white. Black apical spots on the forewings. The female has two additional black spots mid-wing. Very common wherever cabbage and other crucifers grow.",[15,82,83,75,86,89],{},[21,84,85],{},"Small white",[77,87,88],{},"Pieris rapae",") — similar to the large white but noticeably smaller. The apical spot is paler; the female’s spots are smaller.",[15,91,92,75,95,98],{},[21,93,94],{},"Black-veined white",[77,96,97],{},"Aporia crataegi",") — white with clearly visible dark wing veins. Often seen in large groups in gardens and at woodland edges. The caterpillar feeds on hawthorn and other rosaceous plants.",[15,100,101,75,104,107],{},[21,102,103],{},"Wood white",[77,105,106],{},"Leptidea sinapis",") — a small, delicate white with a rounded dark spot at the forewing apex. Flies on meadows and woodland edges.",[57,109],{},[10,111,113],{"id":112},"yellow-and-lemon","Yellow and lemon",[15,115,116,75,119,122],{},[21,117,118],{},"Brimstone",[77,120,121],{},"Gonepteryx rhamni",") — the male is bright lemon-yellow; the female pale greenish, almost white. Angular wing projections mimic a leaf. Long-lived — up to 12 months. One of the first spring butterflies.",[15,124,125,75,128,131,132,75,135,138],{},[21,126,127],{},"Pale clouded yellow",[77,129,130],{},"Colias hyale",") and ",[21,133,134],{},"moorland clouded yellow",[77,136,137],{},"C. palaeno",") — yellow with a dark border. Clouded yellows are hard to tell apart — note the width of the dark border and the pattern on the underside.",[15,140,141,75,144,147],{},[21,142,143],{},"Orange tip",[77,145,146],{},"Anthocharis cardamines",") — a white butterfly; the male has a bright orange forewing tip. The female is entirely white. A spring species, flying April–May.",[57,149],{},[10,151,153],{"id":152},"orange-and-russet","Orange and russet",[15,155,156],{},"Orange colouration is typical of many nymphalids.",[15,158,159,75,162,165],{},[21,160,161],{},"Small tortoiseshell",[77,163,164],{},"Aglais urticae",") — rich orange with black spots and a blue marginal band on the hindwings. The underside is dark grey, camouflaged. The caterpillar lives on nettle.",[15,167,168,75,171,174],{},[21,169,170],{},"Painted lady",[77,172,173],{},"Vanessa cardui",") — orange-brown with white spots at the forewing tips and a black-and-orange pattern. The hindwing underside has a fine mosaic pattern. The most widespread butterfly in the world.",[15,176,177,180,181,184,185,188],{},[21,178,179],{},"Fritillaries"," (genera ",[77,182,183],{},"Argynnis",", ",[77,186,187],{},"Fabriciana",", and others) — bright orange with a characteristic black dot pattern. The hindwing underside has metallic silvery spots (“pearls”). They fly on meadows and glades.",[57,190],{},[10,192,194],{"id":193},"red-with-black-spots","Red with black spots",[15,196,197,75,200,203],{},[21,198,199],{},"Red admiral",[77,201,202],{},"Vanessa atalanta",") — dark brown or almost black with a scarlet (red) transverse band on the forewings and a scarlet border on the hindwings. White spots on the dark forewing apex. One of the most striking species.",[57,205],{},[10,207,209],{"id":208},"brown-and-ochre","Brown and ochre",[15,211,212],{},"Brown tones are the “working colour” of satyrines and many nymphalids.",[15,214,215,218,219,55],{},[21,216,217],{},"Meadow browns and ringlets"," — in most species the base is brown or yellow-brown with characteristic “eyespot” markings on the wings. The spots deter birds. More detail in ",[35,220,222],{"href":221},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbarkhatnitsy","satyrines",[15,224,225,75,228,231],{},[21,226,227],{},"Mourning cloak",[77,229,230],{},"Nymphalis antiopa",") — dark maroon, almost black, with a cream-yellow border and blue spots. One of the largest day-flying butterflies in Russia; long-lived.",[57,233],{},[10,235,237],{"id":236},"blue-and-violet","Blue and violet",[15,239,240,241,243],{},"Blue colour in ",[35,242,38],{"href":37}," occurs only in males. Females of the same species are usually brown.",[15,245,246,75,249,252],{},[21,247,248],{},"Common blue",[77,250,251],{},"Polyommatus icarus",") — one of the most widespread species. The male is bright blue with a white fringe. The underside is grey-beige with black dots in white rings and orange spots.",[15,254,255,75,258,261],{},[21,256,257],{},"Silver-studded blue",[77,259,260],{},"Plebejus argus",") — blue with more pronounced dark margins. An orange border on the hindwings in both sexes.",[57,263],{},[10,265,267],{"id":266},"patterned-and-multicoloured","Patterned and multicoloured",[15,269,270,75,273,276],{},[21,271,272],{},"European peacock",[77,274,275],{},"Aglais io",") — dark red with four large “eyes”: blue, yellow, and black. The underside is almost black — when the butterfly folds its wings it becomes nearly invisible on tree bark.",[15,278,279,282],{},[21,280,281],{},"Checkerspots"," (Melitaea) — orange-brown with a chessboard pattern of dark spots. Several similar species, distinguishable mainly by the hindwing underside.",[57,284],{},[10,286,288],{"id":287},"if-colour-alone-is-not-enough","If colour alone is not enough",[15,290,291],{},"Colour is the first, not the only, trait. Also try:",[25,293,294,300,306,313],{},[28,295,296,299],{},[35,297,298],{"href":48},"Identification by wing shape"," — tails, angular edges, rounded form",[28,301,302,305],{},[35,303,304],{"href":53},"Identification by size"," — from tiny blues to large swallowtails",[28,307,308,312],{},[35,309,311],{"href":310},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","Identification by place of encounter"," — meadow, forest, mountains, bog",[28,314,315,319],{},[35,316,318],{"href":317},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","Common identification mistakes"," — similar species that are easy to confuse",{"title":321,"searchDepth":322,"depth":322,"links":323},"",2,[324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332],{"id":12,"depth":322,"text":13},{"id":61,"depth":322,"text":62},{"id":112,"depth":322,"text":113},{"id":152,"depth":322,"text":153},{"id":193,"depth":322,"text":194},{"id":208,"depth":322,"text":209},{"id":236,"depth":322,"text":237},{"id":266,"depth":322,"text":267},{"id":287,"depth":322,"text":288},"\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev.png","Butterfly identification by wing colour: find a species by main colouration — from white whites to blue blues and patterned nymphalids.","md",[337,340,343],{"q":338,"a":339},"Which butterflies are white?","White butterflies belong mainly to the whites and sulphurs (Pieridae): large white, small white, green-veined white, black-veined white. In brimstone, males have yellow wings and females are almost white.",{"q":341,"a":342},"Which blue butterfly occurs in Russia?","Blue butterflies in Russia are mainly blues (Lycaenidae): common blue, silver-studded blue, mountain alcon blue. The blue colour is structural and is strongly expressed only in males.",{"q":344,"a":345},"Which butterfly is orange with black?","An orange-and-black pattern occurs in several species: painted lady (Vanessa cardui), red admiral (Vanessa atalanta — orange band), and checkerspots. Wing pattern shape and size help narrow the ID further.","Clean product-style photo, butterfly color sorting grid — white Pieris, yellow Gonepteryx, orange Vanessa cardui, red Vanessa atalanta, blue Polyommatus, dark Aglais io — arranged in rainbow order on white background, scientific aesthetic, 16:9",{},true,1,"identifier","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","01.05.2026",null,{"title":355,"description":356},"Butterflies by wing colour — identification guide with species names","Identify a butterfly by wing colour: white, yellow, orange, red, blue, brown, and patterned species with names and descriptions.",{"loc":351,"lastmod":358},"27.07.2026","opredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","F8cqRycFBMI2KwNIDmmIjCYAcqHhGiIUiOc_Tk4iZgI",[],[],[364,365,370,376,382,388,394],{"title":5,"description":334,"path":351,"coverImage":333,"publishedAt":352,"order":349},{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":352,"order":322},"By size","Butterfly identification by size: from tiny blues with a 15 mm wingspan to giant birdwings with wings wider than 25 cm — a quick guide by wingspan.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru.png",{"title":371,"description":372,"path":373,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":352,"order":375},"By wing shape","Butterfly identification by wing shape: tails, scalloped edges, angular tips, rounded and elongated wings — with species examples.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev.png",3,{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":352,"order":381},"By place of encounter","Butterfly identification by place of encounter: meadow, forest, woodland edge, garden, bog, mountains, coast — which species live where.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi.png",4,{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":352,"order":387},"By time of year","Seasonal butterfly identification guide: which species fly in March, April, May, June, July, August, and autumn — with examples by month.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda.png",5,{"title":389,"description":390,"path":391,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":352,"order":393},"By caterpillar","Caterpillar identification guide: green, hairy, with a horn, with eyespots, with spines. How to tell which butterfly will emerge from a caterpillar you found.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse.png",6,{"title":318,"description":395,"path":396,"coverImage":397,"publishedAt":352,"order":398},"The most common mistakes when identifying butterflies: confusing sexes, seasonal forms, similar species. Each case explained with examples.","\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","\u002Fimages\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii.png",7,1787125911564]