[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":703},["ShallowReactive",2],{"encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii":3,"alt-locale:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii":544,"section-listing:disabled":577,"related-covers:en:":578,"section-listing:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya":579,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon|\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya|\u002Fentsiklopediya":694},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":529,"description":530,"extension":531,"faq":532,"imagePrompt":542,"meta":543,"navigation":544,"order":545,"pageType":546,"path":547,"publishedAt":548,"readingMinutes":510,"relatedLinks":549,"seo":565,"sitemap":568,"stem":570,"tags":571,"updatedAt":569,"__hash__":576},"encyclopedia_en\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii.md","Red Data Book Butterflies of Russia",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":508},"minimark",[9,14,32,39,42,62,66,73,141,145,156,161,170,179,185,191,195,218,222,241,272,276,283,290,295,321,325,328,333,347,352,360,365,373,378,386,391,396,400,404,407,418,424,430,434,437,441,444,448,479,483],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-is-the-red-data-book","What is the Red Data Book?",[15,16,17,18,22,23,27,28,31],"p",{},"The ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"Red Data Book of the Russian Federation"," (",[24,25,26],"em",{},"Красная книга Российской Федерации",") is the official state list of threatened animal, plant, and fungal species. It is maintained by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and is periodically updated — the current animal list was approved in ",[19,29,30],{},"2020"," (Order No. 162).",[15,33,34,35,38],{},"Species listed in the federal Red Book receive ",[19,36,37],{},"legal protection"," under Russian law. Deliberate collection, killing, trade, or disturbance of a listed species and its habitat is a criminal offence with fines and, in serious cases, custodial sentences.",[15,40,41],{},"The Red Book is not simply a list — each species entry includes:",[43,44,45,53,56,59],"ul",{},[46,47,48,49,52],"li",{},"A ",[19,50,51],{},"conservation status category"," (0–5 under the Russian method, not IUCN codes)",[46,54,55],{},"A description of the species' range and population in Russia",[46,57,58],{},"An assessment of the main threats",[46,60,61],{},"Conservation measures recommended or already implemented",[10,63,65],{"id":64},"conservation-status-categories","Conservation status categories",[15,67,68,69,72],{},"Russia's Red Data Book uses ",[19,70,71],{},"six"," categories (0–5) with Russian legal names. These are not IUCN codes (EX\u002FCR\u002FEN):",[74,75,76,89],"table",{},[77,78,79],"thead",{},[80,81,82,86],"tr",{},[83,84,85],"th",{},"Category",[83,87,88],{},"Meaning",[90,91,92,101,109,117,125,133],"tbody",{},[80,93,94,98],{},[95,96,97],"td",{},"0",[95,99,100],{},"Extinct in Russia",[80,102,103,106],{},[95,104,105],{},"1",[95,107,108],{},"Endangered (under threat of extinction)",[80,110,111,114],{},[95,112,113],{},"2",[95,115,116],{},"Declining",[80,118,119,122],{},[95,120,121],{},"3",[95,123,124],{},"Rare",[80,126,127,130],{},[95,128,129],{},"4",[95,131,132],{},"Status uncertain",[80,134,135,138],{},[95,136,137],{},"5",[95,139,140],{},"Recovering",[10,142,144],{"id":143},"butterfly-species-in-russias-red-book","Butterfly species in Russia's Red Book",[15,146,147,148,151,152,155],{},"The federal list was approved by ",[19,149,150],{},"Ministry of Natural Resources Order No. 162 of 24 March 2020",". It includes ",[19,153,154],{},"fewer than 20 Rhopalocera taxa",", counting some subspecies.",[157,158,160],"h3",{"id":159},"papilionidae-swallowtails","Papilionidae (Swallowtails)",[15,162,163,22,166,169],{},[19,164,165],{},"Apollo",[24,167,168],{},"Parnassius apollo",") — Category 2 (declining). One of Russia's most recognisable protected butterflies. White wings with red-ringed black eyespots. Inhabits mountain and upland meadows in the Urals, southern Siberia (Altai, Sayan), and the Far East. Threatened by habitat change, tourism pressure on alpine sites, and collecting. Also CITES Appendix II.",[15,171,172,22,175,178],{},[19,173,174],{},"Felder's Apollo",[24,176,177],{},"Parnassius felderi",") — Category 1. A range-restricted Far Eastern parnassian.",[15,180,181,184],{},[19,182,183],{},"Sericinus montela"," — Category 3. A Far Eastern swallowtail.",[15,186,187,190],{},[19,188,189],{},"Goldia pacifica"," — a Far Eastern papilionid on the federal list.",[157,192,194],{"id":193},"lycaenidae-blues","Lycaenidae (Blues)",[15,196,197,198,201,202,205,206,209,210,213,214,217],{},"On the 2020 federal list: ",[24,199,200],{},"Celastrina oreas",", ",[24,203,204],{},"Glaucopsyche argali",", the subspecies ",[24,207,208],{},"Polyommatus damone pljushtchi",", and ",[24,211,212],{},"Shijimiaeoides divina asahii",". These are not the European ",[24,215,216],{},"Phengaris arion \u002F alcon \u002F nausithous",".",[157,219,221],{"id":220},"nymphalidae","Nymphalidae",[15,223,224,227,228,231,232,201,235,201,238,217],{},[19,225,226],{},"Argynnis zenobia"," and ",[19,229,230],{},"Argynnis nerippe"," — Category 3. Also listed: ",[24,233,234],{},"Chalinga pratti",[24,236,237],{},"Pseudochazara euxina",[24,239,240],{},"Erebia kindermanni",[15,242,243,246,247,249,250,253,254,22,257,260,261,22,264,267,268,271],{},[19,244,245],{},"Not"," on the 2020 federal list (though often confused with it, and protected regionally or in Europe): mnemosyne, alexanor, the large blues ",[24,248,216],{},", woodland brown (",[24,251,252],{},"Lopinga achine","). The ",[19,255,256],{},"false ringlet",[24,258,259],{},"Coenonympha oedippus",") is a European Russia species, not Far Eastern; a global IUCN VU listing is not confirmed. ",[19,262,263],{},"Poplar admiral",[24,265,266],{},"Limenitis populi",") and purple-edged copper (",[24,269,270],{},"Lycaena hippothoe",") appear in some regional Red Books, not on the 2020 federal list.",[10,273,275],{"id":274},"regional-red-books","Regional Red Books",[15,277,278,279,282],{},"The federal Red Book covers species threatened at a ",[19,280,281],{},"national level"," — meaning rare or declining across Russia as a whole. But Russia's regional subjects (oblasts, republics, krays) also maintain their own regional Red Books covering species that may be common nationally but are rare or absent locally.",[15,284,285,286,289],{},"For a naturalist in Moscow, the ",[19,287,288],{},"Moscow Region Red Book"," is more directly relevant than the federal list: it covers over 60 butterfly species considered rare within the region, including many that are abundant elsewhere. A species need not be in the federal Red Book to be legally protected within the region where it is listed.",[15,291,292],{},[19,293,294],{},"Regional Red Books where butterfly lists are particularly important:",[43,296,297,303,309,315],{},[46,298,299,302],{},[19,300,301],{},"Moscow Region"," — high urbanisation, loss of meadow habitats",[46,304,305,308],{},[19,306,307],{},"Leningrad Region \u002F St. Petersburg"," — many wetland species threatened by drainage",[46,310,311,314],{},[19,312,313],{},"Krasnodar Krai \u002F Republic of Adygea"," — Caucasus endemics, alpine species",[46,316,317,320],{},[19,318,319],{},"Primorsky Krai (Far East)"," — East Asian species at the edge of their ranges in Russia",[10,322,324],{"id":323},"why-are-russian-butterflies-declining","Why are Russian butterflies declining?",[15,326,327],{},"The same drivers affecting butterfly populations across Europe apply in Russia:",[15,329,330],{},[19,331,332],{},"Habitat loss and change:",[43,334,335,338,341,344],{},[46,336,337],{},"Abandonment of traditional meadow management (mowing, light grazing) allows shrub encroachment and grassland succession, eliminating open meadow species",[46,339,340],{},"Drainage of wet meadows eliminates species dependent on marsh and fen habitats",[46,342,343],{},"Afforestation of upland meadows and grasslands",[46,345,346],{},"Loss of forest clearings and rides through changed forestry practices",[15,348,349],{},[19,350,351],{},"Agricultural intensification:",[43,353,354,357],{},[46,355,356],{},"Pesticide use in agricultural landscapes kills caterpillars and eliminates host plants",[46,358,359],{},"Fertilisation of meadows promotes rank grass growth at the expense of wildflowers",[15,361,362],{},[19,363,364],{},"Urbanisation and infrastructure:",[43,366,367,370],{},[46,368,369],{},"Road building and housing development fragment habitat, isolating small populations",[46,371,372],{},"Recreational pressure on sensitive alpine sites",[15,374,375],{},[19,376,377],{},"Climate change:",[43,379,380,383],{},[46,381,382],{},"Montane species (Parnassius, alpine blues) face shrinking suitable altitudinal zones as lower limits warm and vegetation zones shift upward",[46,384,385],{},"Phenological mismatch between butterfly emergence and host plant availability",[15,387,388],{},[19,389,390],{},"Collecting:",[43,392,393],{},[46,394,395],{},"A significant historical pressure on spectacular species like Apollo, Parnassius, and large swallowtails; reduced by legal protection but not eliminated",[10,397,399],{"id":398},"what-citizen-scientists-can-do","What citizen scientists can do",[157,401,403],{"id":402},"recording-observations","Recording observations",[15,405,406],{},"Every observation of a Red Book butterfly submitted with location data and photographs contributes to the monitoring of threatened populations. The most valuable records:",[43,408,409,412,415],{},[46,410,411],{},"Include precise GPS coordinates or a clear location description",[46,413,414],{},"Have at least one photograph showing diagnostic wing features",[46,416,417],{},"Note date, time, number of individuals, and habitat type",[15,419,420,423],{},[19,421,422],{},"iNaturalist"," is the most accessible platform for submitting observations globally; records automatically feed into scientific databases.",[15,425,426,429],{},[19,427,428],{},"Argo"," (argo.ecobirds.ru) is Russia's national citizen science butterfly monitoring project — specifically designed for butterfly records in Russia, with a user interface in Russian and integration with regional monitoring programmes.",[157,431,433],{"id":432},"habitat-protection","Habitat protection",[15,435,436],{},"Many butterfly species respond to simple habitat management measures: preventing scrub encroachment on grassland, maintaining flower-rich meadow edges, delaying mowing until after peak butterfly season (usually after mid-July). Working with local nature reserves or participating in conservation volunteer days can have measurable impact on local butterfly populations.",[157,438,440],{"id":439},"raising-awareness","Raising awareness",[15,442,443],{},"Photography and citizen science records that demonstrate the presence of Red Book species at a specific site can trigger legal protection for that site or influence planning decisions. Several development projects in Russia have been modified or cancelled after surveys demonstrated the presence of protected species.",[10,445,447],{"id":446},"useful-resources","Useful resources",[43,449,450,456,462,467,473],{},[46,451,452,455],{},[19,453,454],{},"Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (Animals)"," — the official publication; the 2020 list (Order No. 162) is available through the Ministry of Natural Resources website",[46,457,458,461],{},[19,459,460],{},"IUCN Red List"," (iucnredlist.org) — global conservation status for species occurring in Russia",[46,463,464,466],{},[19,465,422],{}," — citizen science observation platform; community identification; global database",[46,468,469,472],{},[19,470,471],{},"Argo citizen science"," — Russian butterfly monitoring programme",[46,474,475,478],{},[19,476,477],{},"Fauna of Russia"," — academic database of Russian biological records",[10,480,482],{"id":481},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[43,484,485,488,494,505],{},[46,486,487],{},"Russia's federal Red Book has been published four times: 1978, 1983, 2001; the current animal list is 2020; each edition has expanded the butterfly list as populations have been better surveyed and declines confirmed",[46,489,490,491,493],{},"The Apollo (",[24,492,168],{},") was the first European butterfly to receive international CITES protection, added to Appendix II in 1987, after evidence of widespread commercial collecting for the collector trade",[46,495,496,497,500,501,504],{},"Some butterfly species that were in serious decline in European Russia have shown partial recovery in recent decades — the White Admiral (",[24,498,499],{},"Limenitis camilla",") and Purple Emperor (",[24,502,503],{},"Apatura iris",") have expanded following changes in forest management that created more suitable woodland structure",[46,506,507],{},"Russia's Far East has a number of Asiatic butterfly species listed in regional Red Books that have no equivalent protection in neighbouring China or Japan, making the Russian boundary populations conservation priorities even though the species are not globally threatened",{"title":509,"searchDepth":510,"depth":510,"links":511},"",2,[512,513,514,520,521,522,527,528],{"id":12,"depth":510,"text":13},{"id":64,"depth":510,"text":65},{"id":143,"depth":510,"text":144,"children":515},[516,518,519],{"id":159,"depth":517,"text":160},3,{"id":193,"depth":517,"text":194},{"id":220,"depth":517,"text":221},{"id":274,"depth":510,"text":275},{"id":323,"depth":510,"text":324},{"id":398,"depth":510,"text":399,"children":523},[524,525,526],{"id":402,"depth":517,"text":403},{"id":432,"depth":517,"text":433},{"id":439,"depth":517,"text":440},{"id":446,"depth":510,"text":447},{"id":481,"depth":510,"text":482},"\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii.png","Russia's Red Data Book 2020 list: categories 0–5 and which day-flying butterflies are actually listed. What that means for observers.","md",[533,536,539],{"q":534,"a":535},"How many butterfly species are in Russia's Red Data Book?","The federal Red Data Book list (Ministry of Natural Resources Order No. 162 of 24 March 2020) includes fewer than 20 day-flying butterfly taxa, counting some subspecies. The exact count varies with taxonomic revisions. These are species considered threatened at the national level across the whole of Russia — an individual region may have far more species listed in its own regional Red Book. For example, the Moscow Region Red Book lists over 60 butterfly species as rare or threatened within the region, though many of these are common in other parts of Russia.",{"q":537,"a":538},"What is the most famous Red Book butterfly in Russia?","The Apollo (Parnassius apollo) is probably Russia's most widely recognised protected butterfly and one of the most iconic insects in the national Red Book. Its large white wings with distinctive red eyespots make it immediately identifiable; it occurs in mountain and highland meadows in the Urals, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. The Apollo is threatened primarily by habitat loss (abandonment of mountain meadows, afforestation), collecting, and climate change affecting alpine plant communities. It is also listed on the CITES Appendix II internationally.",{"q":540,"a":541},"What should I do if I see a Red Book butterfly?","If you observe a Red Data Book species, the most valuable action is to record it properly: photograph it if possible (photograph without catching or disturbing), note the exact location (GPS coordinates or a 6-figure grid reference), date, time, number of individuals, sex if determinable, and habitat. Submit the record to iNaturalist (global) or to the appropriate regional biodiversity database. In Russia, records can also be submitted through the Argo citizen science butterfly monitoring project. Do not collect, handle, or disturb the individual. Red Book species are protected by law — collecting requires a scientific permit.","Photorealistic macro photo, Parnassius apollo Apollo butterfly with white wings and red eyespots perched on pink mountain flower, rocky alpine meadow background, bright sunlight, 16:9",{},true,null,"encyclopedia","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii","26.05.2026",[550,553,557,561],{"label":165,"path":551,"description":552},"\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo","Parnassius apollo — the icon of Russia's Red Data Book",{"label":554,"path":555,"description":556},"Old World Swallowtail","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon","A large swallowtail related to protected species",{"label":558,"path":559,"description":560},"Russia","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","Atlas of the butterflies of Russia",{"label":562,"path":563,"description":564},"Encyclopedia","\u002Fentsiklopediya","All articles on butterfly ecology and natural history",{"title":566,"description":567},"Red Data Book Butterflies of Russia — Species List, Threats, Conservation","Which butterflies are in Russia's Red Data Book? Apollo, Blues, Swallowtails. Why are they threatened, how are they protected, and what can citizen scientists do?",{"loc":547,"lastmod":569},"19.08.2026","entsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii",[572,573,558,574,575],"conservation","Red Book","threatened species","ecology","O9s6iEW1k_h15WeUixfxzlH4QzPnT8r_PA8j2ZFVUD4",[],[],[580,586,592,598,604,610,616,622,628,634,640,641,647,653,660,665,670,676,682,688],{"title":581,"description":582,"path":583,"coverImage":584,"publishedAt":585,"order":545},"Butterflies and the Future: Modelling Range Shifts and Extinction Risk","Climate change is projected to redraw where butterflies can live — modelled winners expand, mountain and northern specialists run out of habitat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego.png","20.07.2026",{"title":587,"description":588,"path":589,"coverImage":590,"publishedAt":591,"order":545},"Butterflies in Art and Culture","Butterflies have inspired art, mythology, and belief on every continent — from ancient Egypt to Nabokov's fiction, one of humanity's most resonant symbols.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture.png","18.08.2026",{"title":593,"description":594,"path":595,"coverImage":596,"publishedAt":597,"order":545},"Butterflies of Meadows and Steppes","Meadows and steppes support the richest butterfly communities in the temperate world, but face drastic losses across temperate Eurasia.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej.png","06.08.2026",{"title":599,"description":600,"path":601,"coverImage":602,"publishedAt":603,"order":545},"Butterflies of Mountain Ecosystems","Mountain butterflies face extreme conditions — intense UV, cold nights, thin air — yet alpine zones support specialised, spectacular communities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki.png","31.07.2026",{"title":605,"description":606,"path":607,"coverImage":608,"publishedAt":609,"order":545},"Butterflies of Tropical Forests","Tropical forests cover less than 7% of Earth's land, but harbour over half of all butterfly species, spread across forest layers and under growing threat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov.png","12.05.2026",{"title":611,"description":612,"path":613,"coverImage":614,"publishedAt":615,"order":545},"Butterfly Observer's Equipment","You need very little to start watching butterflies — good binoculars and a field guide take you most of the way. This covers essential and optional gear.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya.png","22.05.2026",{"title":617,"description":618,"path":619,"coverImage":620,"publishedAt":621,"order":545},"How to Attract Butterflies to Your Garden","A butterfly-friendly garden needs the right nectar and host plants, sunny sheltered spots, and minimal pesticide use to support butterflies year-round.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu.png","15.05.2026",{"title":623,"description":624,"path":625,"coverImage":626,"publishedAt":627,"order":545},"How to Photograph Butterflies","Butterfly photography rewards patience and technique. This guide covers camera settings, approach methods, light conditions, and getting sharp close-up shots.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek.png","19.05.2026",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":633,"order":545},"Mimicry and Camouflage in Butterflies","How butterflies use Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, warning colours, and camouflage to survive — from mocker swallowtails to dead-leaf butterflies.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka.png","24.07.2026",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":639,"order":545},"Monarch Butterfly Migration — One of Nature's Greatest Journeys","Every autumn, monarch butterflies travel up to 4,500km from Canada to Mexican mountain forests — navigation and multigenerational memory puzzle science.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha.png","08.05.2026",{"title":5,"description":530,"path":547,"coverImage":529,"publishedAt":548,"order":545},{"title":642,"description":643,"path":644,"coverImage":645,"publishedAt":646,"order":545},"The Global IUCN Red List and Butterfly Conservation Status","How the IUCN Red List assesses butterfly extinction risk worldwide, and why so few of the roughly 18,000 known species have been formally evaluated.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira.png","22.07.2026",{"title":648,"description":649,"path":650,"coverImage":651,"publishedAt":652,"order":545},"Wing Scales and Structural Colour: How a Butterfly's Wing Actually Works","Why butterfly wings are covered in microscopic scales, and how some colours — like Morpho blue — come from physical structure rather than pigment.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki.png","26.07.2026",{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":658,"order":659},"What Are Butterflies","Butterflies are insects of the order Lepidoptera with four wings covered in scales. More than 157,000 species exist worldwide.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki.png","01.05.2026",1,{"title":661,"description":662,"path":663,"coverImage":664,"publishedAt":658,"order":510},"How Many Butterfly Species Exist","About 157,000 lepidopteran species are described worldwide. Day-flying butterflies number about 20,000 species. Including undiscovered species, estimates reach 180,000–200,000.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet.png",{"title":666,"description":667,"path":668,"coverImage":669,"publishedAt":658,"order":517},"How Butterflies Differ from Moths","Butterflies and moths are both lepidopterans, but differ in antennae, resting posture, and activity time. We examine the features with examples.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki.png",{"title":671,"description":672,"path":673,"coverImage":674,"publishedAt":658,"order":675},"Popular Butterfly Species","The best-known butterflies of the world: swallowtail, red admiral, peacock, Apollo, monarch — descriptions and where to find them.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek.png",4,{"title":677,"description":678,"path":679,"coverImage":680,"publishedAt":658,"order":681},"Butterfly Life Cycle","The butterfly life cycle has four stages: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and adult. Complete metamorphosis lasts from several weeks to several years.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl.png",5,{"title":683,"description":684,"path":685,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":658,"order":687},"Where Butterflies Live","Butterflies inhabit all climatic zones except Antarctica. We explore biotopes: tropics, meadows, forests, mountains, steppes, tundra, and cities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki.png",6,{"title":689,"description":690,"path":691,"coverImage":692,"publishedAt":658,"order":693},"How to Use the Atlas","Guide to using the butterfly atlas: how to identify a species, how sections are organized, and how to use the identification guide and encyclopedia.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom.png",7,[695,697,700,702],{"label":165,"path":551,"description":552,"coverImage":696,"latinName":168},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fapollo.jpg",{"label":554,"path":555,"description":556,"coverImage":698,"latinName":699},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmahon.jpg","Papilio machaon",{"label":558,"path":559,"description":560,"coverImage":701,"latinName":545},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"label":562,"path":563,"description":564,"coverImage":545,"latinName":545},1787125912234]