[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":677},["ShallowReactive",2],{"encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom":3,"alt-locale:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom":550,"section-listing:disabled":562,"related-covers:en:":563,"section-listing:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya":564},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":535,"description":536,"extension":537,"faq":538,"imagePrompt":548,"meta":549,"navigation":550,"order":551,"pageType":208,"path":552,"publishedAt":553,"readingMinutes":554,"relatedLinks":555,"seo":556,"sitemap":559,"stem":560,"tags":555,"updatedAt":555,"__hash__":561},"encyclopedia_en\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom.md","How to Use the Atlas",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":516},"minimark",[9,14,18,35,38,41,45,48,53,56,109,115,119,122,159,163,166,203,206,210,213,257,261,264,301,305,308,331,335,338,364,366,370,375,398,403,420,425,438,440,444,458,464,470,476,478,482,485,496,498,502,505,508],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"what-this-atlas-is","What This Atlas Is",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Butterfly-atlas.ru is a reference site about butterflies of Russia and the world. It is organized to help two types of visitors:",[19,20,21,29],"ol",{},[22,23,24,28],"li",{},[25,26,27],"strong",{},"The observer \"with a question\"",": encountered a butterfly — want to know what it is. Need a quick identification guide.",[22,30,31,34],{},[25,32,33],{},"The curious reader",": want to learn about butterfly life — feeding, overwintering, ecology, species. Need an encyclopedia.",[15,36,37],{},"The atlas requires no special training: everything is written in accessible language with concrete examples.",[39,40],"hr",{},[10,42,44],{"id":43},"site-structure","Site Structure",[15,46,47],{},"The site is divided into six main sections. Here is what each contains:",[49,50,52],"h3",{"id":51},"identification-guide","Identification Guide",[15,54,55],{},"The main tool for field identification. Several \"entry points\" are available — choose the one convenient for your situation:",[57,58,59,67,74,81,88,95,102],"ul",{},[22,60,61,66],{},[62,63,65],"a",{"href":64},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-cvetu-krylev","By wing color"," — fastest start: \"butterfly is white \u002F blue \u002F orange\"",[22,68,69,73],{},[62,70,72],{"href":71},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-forme-krylev","By wing shape"," — tails, angular edges, elongated or rounded wings",[22,75,76,80],{},[62,77,79],{"href":78},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-razmeru","By size"," — small \u002F medium \u002F large",[22,82,83,87],{},[62,84,86],{"href":85},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-mestu-vstrechi","By location"," — meadow, forest, forest edge, garden, bog, mountains",[22,89,90,94],{},[62,91,93],{"href":92},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-vremeni-goda","By season"," — when it flies: spring, summer, autumn",[22,96,97,101],{},[62,98,100],{"href":99},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fpo-gusenitse","By caterpillar"," — if you found a larva, not an adult butterfly",[22,103,104,108],{},[62,105,107],{"href":106},"\u002Fen\u002Fopredelitel\u002Fchastye-oshibki-pri-opredelenii","Common mistakes"," — analysis of classic confusions",[15,110,111,114],{},[25,112,113],{},"Recommended order:"," start with color → refine by shape → check size and location → compare with similar species.",[49,116,118],{"id":117},"butterfly-species","Butterfly Species",[15,120,121],{},"Overview articles on species groups:",[57,123,124,131,138,145,152],{},[22,125,126,130],{},[62,127,129],{"href":128},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fdnevnye-babochki","Day-flying butterflies"," — general characteristics, families, 6 species",[22,132,133,137],{},[62,134,136],{"href":135},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fnochanye-babochki-i-motylki","Nocturnal butterflies and moths"," — differences, main families",[22,139,140,144],{},[62,141,143],{"href":142},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkrupnye-babochki","Large butterflies"," — records of Russia and the world",[22,146,147,151],{},[62,148,150],{"href":149},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fredkie-babochki","Rare butterflies"," — Red Data Book, 6 protected species",[22,153,154,158],{},[62,155,157],{"href":156},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fkak-opredelit-vid-babochki","How to identify a species"," — step-by-step algorithm",[49,160,162],{"id":161},"families","Families",[15,164,165],{},"Detailed pages for each major day-flying butterfly family of Russia:",[57,167,168,175,182,189,196],{},[22,169,170,174],{},[62,171,173],{"href":172},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fnimfalidy","Nymphalids"," — small tortoiseshell, peacock, red admiral, fritillaries",[22,176,177,181],{},[62,178,180],{"href":179},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki","Swallowtails"," — swallowtail, scarce swallowtail, Apollo",[22,183,184,188],{},[62,185,187],{"href":186},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbelyanki","Whites"," — large white, green-veined white, brimstone",[22,190,191,195],{},[62,192,194],{"href":193},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fgolubyanki","Blues"," — \"blue\" and \"brown\" small species",[22,197,198,202],{},[62,199,201],{"href":200},"\u002Fen\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fbarkhatnitsy","Fritillaries"," — marsh fritillary, pearl-bordered fritillary, ringlets",[15,204,205],{},"Each family page contains: diagnostic features, list of Russian species with descriptions, where and when to find them.",[49,207,209],{"id":208},"encyclopedia","Encyclopedia",[15,211,212],{},"Articles on butterfly life and biology in general:",[57,214,215,222,229,236,243,250],{},[22,216,217,221],{},[62,218,220],{"href":219},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki","What are butterflies"," — structure, scales, classification",[22,223,224,228],{},[62,225,227],{"href":226},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl","Life cycle"," — egg, caterpillar, pupa, imago",[22,230,231,235],{},[62,232,234],{"href":233},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet","How many species exist"," — global numbers, table by region",[22,237,238,242],{},[62,239,241],{"href":240},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki","How they differ from moths"," — antennae, posture, body",[22,244,245,249],{},[62,246,248],{"href":247},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek","Popular species"," — 12 best-known species",[22,251,252,256],{},[62,253,255],{"href":254},"\u002Fen\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki","Where they live"," — biotopes from tropics to tundra",[49,258,260],{"id":259},"butterfly-life","Butterfly Life",[15,262,263],{},"Ecological and behavioral topics:",[57,265,266,273,280,287,294],{},[22,267,268,272],{},[62,269,271],{"href":270},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fskolko-zhivut-babochki","How long they live"," — lifespan by species",[22,274,275,279],{},[62,276,278],{"href":277},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fchem-pitayutsya-babochki","What they eat"," — nectar, puddling, caterpillar host plants",[22,281,282,286],{},[62,283,285],{"href":284},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fpochemu-u-babochek-yarkie-krylya","Why bright wings"," — mimicry, aposematism, camouflage",[22,288,289,293],{},[62,290,292],{"href":291},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Fkak-zimuyut-babochki","How they overwinter"," — diapause, 5 strategies",[22,295,296,300],{},[62,297,299],{"href":298},"\u002Fen\u002Fzhizn-babochek\u002Frol-babochek-v-prirode","Role in nature"," — pollination, food chains, bioindication",[49,302,304],{"id":303},"glossary","Glossary",[15,306,307],{},"Short but complete articles on terms:",[57,309,310,317,324],{},[22,311,312,316],{},[62,313,315],{"href":314},"\u002Fen\u002Fslovar\u002Fmetamorfoz","Metamorphosis"," — complete and incomplete, stages",[22,318,319,323],{},[62,320,322],{"href":321},"\u002Fen\u002Fslovar\u002Fkukolka","Pupa"," — chrysalis, cocoon, histolysis",[22,325,326,330],{},[62,327,329],{"href":328},"\u002Fen\u002Fslovar\u002Fimago","Imago"," — adult butterfly, eclosion",[49,332,334],{"id":333},"atlas-by-region","Atlas (by Region)",[15,336,337],{},"Cards with fauna of different world regions:",[57,339,340,347,354,361],{},[22,341,342,346],{},[62,343,345],{"href":344},"\u002Fen\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","Russia"," — climatic zones, top species, Red Data Book",[22,348,349,353],{},[62,350,352],{"href":351},"\u002Fen\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","Europe"," — 500 species, Alps, Mediterranean",[22,355,356,360],{},[62,357,359],{"href":358},"\u002Fen\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Asia"," — from Siberia to tropics, birdwings",[22,362,363],{},"Africa, both Americas, Australia — most interesting species of each continent",[39,365],{},[10,367,369],{"id":368},"how-to-use-the-atlas-for-identification","How to Use the Atlas for Identification",[15,371,372],{},[25,373,374],{},"Scenario 1: found a butterfly, want to know the species",[19,376,377,383,386,389,395],{},[22,378,379,380],{},"Open the ",[62,381,382],{"href":64},"identification guide by color",[22,384,385],{},"Choose the nearest color type",[22,387,388],{},"Read candidate descriptions — find a match by wing shape and size",[22,390,391,392],{},"If doubts remain — ",[62,393,394],{"href":106},"common mistakes",[22,396,397],{},"If identification failed — upload a photo to iNaturalist",[15,399,400],{},[25,401,402],{},"Scenario 2: want to know who flies on your meadow in July",[19,404,405,411,417],{},[22,406,379,407,410],{},[62,408,409],{"href":92},"identification guide by season"," — find July",[22,412,413,414],{},"Narrow by biotope: ",[62,415,416],{"href":85},"meadow in the location guide",[22,418,419],{},"Study species descriptions in the corresponding families",[15,421,422],{},[25,423,424],{},"Scenario 3: found a caterpillar in the garden",[19,426,427,432,435],{},[22,428,379,429],{},[62,430,431],{"href":99},"identification guide by caterpillar",[22,433,434],{},"Find the host plant in the table",[22,436,437],{},"Check caterpillar description — color, hairs, horns",[39,439],{},[10,441,443],{"id":442},"tips-for-beginners","Tips for Beginners",[15,445,446,449,450,453,454,457],{},[25,447,448],{},"Start with the basics"," — read ",[62,451,452],{"href":219},"\"What are butterflies\""," and ",[62,455,456],{"href":240},"\"How they differ from moths\"",". This takes 10 minutes and immediately gives you a working framework.",[15,459,460,463],{},[25,461,462],{},"Don't try to memorize everything"," — the atlas is designed as a reference, not a textbook. Return to it when you encounter a specific butterfly.",[15,465,466,469],{},[25,467,468],{},"Photograph systematically"," — upper side, underside, head with antennae. Three shots provide all needed information.",[15,471,472,475],{},[25,473,474],{},"Keep a journal"," — record date, place, biotope. Over time you will build a personal observation database and start noticing patterns: \"every July marsh fritillary appears on this meadow.\"",[39,477],{},[10,479,481],{"id":480},"for-experienced-observers","For Experienced Observers",[15,483,484],{},"If you already know basic species, the atlas will help:",[57,486,487,490,493],{},[22,488,489],{},"Understand difficult groups: blues, fritillaries, fritillaries — through family pages",[22,491,492],{},"Learn species biology — feeding, overwintering, ecology",[22,494,495],{},"Plan observations by region — through the atlas section",[39,497],{},[10,499,501],{"id":500},"content-notes","Content Notes",[15,503,504],{},"The atlas covers day-flying butterflies of Russia and the world. Nocturnal butterflies are presented in overview — there are several thousand species, and a detailed identification guide for nocturnal forms is beyond this project's scope.",[15,506,507],{},"Data are current as of 2026. Lepidopteran systematics is periodically revised: some species are split or merged. If there is a discrepancy with the latest sources — refer to Fauna Europaea and Lepidoptera and some other life forms (BOLD Systems) for current names.",[15,509,510,511,515],{},"All species names follow international binomial nomenclature (",[512,513,514],"em",{},"Genus species"," author, year).",{"title":517,"searchDepth":518,"depth":518,"links":519},"",2,[520,521,531,532,533,534],{"id":12,"depth":518,"text":13},{"id":43,"depth":518,"text":44,"children":522},[523,525,526,527,528,529,530],{"id":51,"depth":524,"text":52},3,{"id":117,"depth":524,"text":118},{"id":161,"depth":524,"text":162},{"id":208,"depth":524,"text":209},{"id":259,"depth":524,"text":260},{"id":303,"depth":524,"text":304},{"id":333,"depth":524,"text":334},{"id":368,"depth":518,"text":369},{"id":442,"depth":518,"text":443},{"id":480,"depth":518,"text":481},{"id":500,"depth":518,"text":501},"\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom.png","Guide to using the butterfly atlas: how to identify a species, how sections are organized, and how to use the identification guide and encyclopedia.","md",[539,542,545],{"q":540,"a":541},"How do you quickly identify a butterfly species using the atlas?","Open the identification guide by wing color — that's the fastest start. Choose the nearest color type, read candidate descriptions, and find a match by shape and size. If doubts remain — see the 'Common Identification Mistakes' section.",{"q":543,"a":544},"What if you couldn't identify the butterfly?","If the atlas didn't give an answer, upload a photo to iNaturalist — the observer community and recognition algorithm will help establish the species. Take three shots: upper side of wings, underside, and head with antennae — this provides all needed information.",{"q":546,"a":547},"Who is this atlas for?","The atlas is written for two types of readers: those who encountered a butterfly and want to know its species (need the identification guide), and those who want to learn about butterfly life in general (need the encyclopedia). No special training required — everything is written in accessible language with concrete examples.","Photorealistic lifestyle photo, person in summer meadow holding open butterfly field guide book, pages showing colorful species plates, live Papilio machaon butterfly on nearby flower, warm afternoon light, nature explorer atmosphere, 16:9",{},true,7,"\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom","01.05.2026",1,null,{"title":557,"description":558},"How to Use the Butterfly Atlas","Butterfly atlas guide: site structure, how to identify a species, sections — identification guide, encyclopedia, atlas. For beginners and experienced observers.",{"loc":552},"entsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom","l8NR1Hu7vByBmJZhTrGRnkL68t1EeKSeKXO1Rm3IkYU",[],[],[565,571,577,583,589,595,601,607,613,619,625,631,637,643,648,653,658,664,670,676],{"title":566,"description":567,"path":568,"coverImage":569,"publishedAt":570,"order":555},"Butterflies and the Future: Modelling Range Shifts and Extinction Risk","Climate change is projected to redraw where butterflies can live — modelled winners expand, mountain and northern specialists run out of habitat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego.png","20.07.2026",{"title":572,"description":573,"path":574,"coverImage":575,"publishedAt":576,"order":555},"Butterflies in Art and Culture","Butterflies have inspired art, mythology, and belief on every continent — from ancient Egypt to Nabokov's fiction, one of humanity's most resonant symbols.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture.png","18.08.2026",{"title":578,"description":579,"path":580,"coverImage":581,"publishedAt":582,"order":555},"Butterflies of Meadows and Steppes","Meadows and steppes support the richest butterfly communities in the temperate world, but face drastic losses across temperate Eurasia.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej.png","06.08.2026",{"title":584,"description":585,"path":586,"coverImage":587,"publishedAt":588,"order":555},"Butterflies of Mountain Ecosystems","Mountain butterflies face extreme conditions — intense UV, cold nights, thin air — yet alpine zones support specialised, spectacular communities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki.png","31.07.2026",{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":594,"order":555},"Butterflies of Tropical Forests","Tropical forests cover less than 7% of Earth's land, but harbour over half of all butterfly species, spread across forest layers and under growing threat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov.png","12.05.2026",{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":600,"order":555},"Butterfly Observer's Equipment","You need very little to start watching butterflies — good binoculars and a field guide take you most of the way. This covers essential and optional gear.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya.png","22.05.2026",{"title":602,"description":603,"path":604,"coverImage":605,"publishedAt":606,"order":555},"How to Attract Butterflies to Your Garden","A butterfly-friendly garden needs the right nectar and host plants, sunny sheltered spots, and minimal pesticide use to support butterflies year-round.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu.png","15.05.2026",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":612,"order":555},"How to Photograph Butterflies","Butterfly photography rewards patience and technique. This guide covers camera settings, approach methods, light conditions, and getting sharp close-up shots.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek.png","19.05.2026",{"title":614,"description":615,"path":616,"coverImage":617,"publishedAt":618,"order":555},"Mimicry and Camouflage in Butterflies","How butterflies use Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, warning colours, and camouflage to survive — from mocker swallowtails to dead-leaf butterflies.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka.png","24.07.2026",{"title":620,"description":621,"path":622,"coverImage":623,"publishedAt":624,"order":555},"Monarch Butterfly Migration — One of Nature's Greatest Journeys","Every autumn, monarch butterflies travel up to 4,500km from Canada to Mexican mountain forests — navigation and multigenerational memory puzzle science.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha.png","08.05.2026",{"title":626,"description":627,"path":628,"coverImage":629,"publishedAt":630,"order":555},"Red Data Book Butterflies of Russia","Russia's Red Data Book 2020 list: categories 0–5 and which day-flying butterflies are actually listed. What that means for observers.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii.png","26.05.2026",{"title":632,"description":633,"path":634,"coverImage":635,"publishedAt":636,"order":555},"The Global IUCN Red List and Butterfly Conservation Status","How the IUCN Red List assesses butterfly extinction risk worldwide, and why so few of the roughly 18,000 known species have been formally evaluated.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira.png","22.07.2026",{"title":638,"description":639,"path":640,"coverImage":641,"publishedAt":642,"order":555},"Wing Scales and Structural Colour: How a Butterfly's Wing Actually Works","Why butterfly wings are covered in microscopic scales, and how some colours — like Morpho blue — come from physical structure rather than pigment.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki.png","26.07.2026",{"title":644,"description":645,"path":646,"coverImage":647,"publishedAt":553,"order":554},"What Are Butterflies","Butterflies are insects of the order Lepidoptera with four wings covered in scales. More than 157,000 species exist worldwide.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki.png",{"title":649,"description":650,"path":651,"coverImage":652,"publishedAt":553,"order":518},"How Many Butterfly Species Exist","About 157,000 lepidopteran species are described worldwide. Day-flying butterflies number about 20,000 species. Including undiscovered species, estimates reach 180,000–200,000.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet.png",{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":553,"order":524},"How Butterflies Differ from Moths","Butterflies and moths are both lepidopterans, but differ in antennae, resting posture, and activity time. We examine the features with examples.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki.png",{"title":659,"description":660,"path":661,"coverImage":662,"publishedAt":553,"order":663},"Popular Butterfly Species","The best-known butterflies of the world: swallowtail, red admiral, peacock, Apollo, monarch — descriptions and where to find them.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek.png",4,{"title":665,"description":666,"path":667,"coverImage":668,"publishedAt":553,"order":669},"Butterfly Life Cycle","The butterfly life cycle has four stages: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and adult. Complete metamorphosis lasts from several weeks to several years.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl.png",5,{"title":671,"description":672,"path":673,"coverImage":674,"publishedAt":553,"order":675},"Where Butterflies Live","Butterflies inhabit all climatic zones except Antarctica. We explore biotopes: tropics, meadows, forests, mountains, steppes, tundra, and cities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki.png",6,{"title":5,"description":536,"path":552,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":553,"order":551},1787125912214]