[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":614},["ShallowReactive",2],{"encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej":3,"alt-locale:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej":462,"section-listing:disabled":491,"related-covers:en:":492,"section-listing:encyclopedia_en:\u002Fentsiklopediya":493,"related-covers:en:\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya|\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya|\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii|\u002Fentsiklopediya":607},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":447,"description":448,"extension":449,"faq":450,"imagePrompt":460,"meta":461,"navigation":462,"order":463,"pageType":464,"path":465,"publishedAt":466,"readingMinutes":425,"relatedLinks":467,"seo":484,"sitemap":487,"stem":489,"tags":463,"updatedAt":488,"__hash__":490},"encyclopedia_en\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej.md","Butterflies of Meadows and Steppes",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":423},"minimark",[9,14,31,38,42,47,50,92,99,103,106,153,156,160,167,205,209,217,220,262,269,276,321,373,377,381,384,388,391,395,398,402,405,409,420],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"grasslands-as-butterfly-habitat","Grasslands as butterfly habitat",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26,27,30],"p",{},"Open, unimproved grasslands — meadows managed by traditional mowing or grazing, and the natural steppes of the continental interior — are among the most important habitats for butterflies in the temperate world. The combination of ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"abundant and diverse flowering plants",", ",[19,24,25],{},"open sunny conditions",", and ",[19,28,29],{},"minimal disturbance to the soil"," creates the conditions in which butterfly diversity reaches its temperate maximum.",[15,32,33,34,37],{},"A species-rich hay meadow in the forest-steppe zone of Russia may support ",[19,35,36],{},"60–80 species"," of butterfly within a few hectares. The steppe proper, where natural grassland extends for hundreds of kilometres, hosts a fauna that has evolved over millions of years alongside the grassland ecosystem itself — a community of specialists found nowhere else.",[10,39,41],{"id":40},"meadow-habitats-and-their-butterflies","Meadow habitats and their butterflies",[43,44,46],"h3",{"id":45},"flood-meadows-and-wet-grasslands","Flood meadows and wet grasslands",[15,48,49],{},"Wet meadows along rivers, and seasonally flooded lowland grasslands, support a distinct community centred on moisture-demanding plants:",[51,52,53,65,74,83],"ul",{},[54,55,56,59,60,64],"li",{},[19,57,58],{},"Marsh fritillary"," (",[61,62,63],"em",{},"Euphydryas aurinia",") — devil's-bit scabious meadows",[54,66,67,59,70,73],{},[19,68,69],{},"Purple-edged copper",[61,71,72],{},"Lycaena hippothoe",") — damp grassland with sorrel and dock",[54,75,76,59,79,82],{},[19,77,78],{},"Scarce copper",[61,80,81],{},"Lycaena virgaureae",") — meadow edges with goldenrod and sorrel",[54,84,85,59,88,91],{},[19,86,87],{},"Large skipper",[61,89,90],{},"Ochlodes sylvanus",") — tall rank grassland with cocksfoot",[15,93,94,95,98],{},"The key management requirement is ",[19,96,97],{},"late mowing"," — cutting after mid-July allows most butterfly species to complete their flight and egg-laying cycles. Early silage cuts in May–June are particularly destructive.",[43,100,102],{"id":101},"calcareous-dry-meadows","Calcareous dry meadows",[15,104,105],{},"Chalk and limestone grasslands, where the thin, alkaline soil prevents rank vegetation from overwhelming low-growing plants, hold the highest butterfly diversity in the temperate zone:",[51,107,108,117,126,135,144],{},[54,109,110,59,113,116],{},[19,111,112],{},"Adonis blue",[61,114,115],{},"Polyommatus bellargus",") — horseshoe vetch on short turf",[54,118,119,59,122,125],{},[19,120,121],{},"Chalk-hill blue",[61,123,124],{},"Polyommatus coridon",") — also horseshoe vetch",[54,127,128,59,131,134],{},[19,129,130],{},"Duke of Burgundy",[61,132,133],{},"Hamearis lucina",") — cowslip and primrose",[54,136,137,59,140,143],{},[19,138,139],{},"Dark green fritillary",[61,141,142],{},"Speyeria aglaja",") — violet-rich unimproved pasture",[54,145,146,59,149,152],{},[19,147,148],{},"Silver-spotted skipper",[61,150,151],{},"Hesperia comma",") — very short, south-facing turf",[15,154,155],{},"Low-intensity grazing — particularly by sheep and cattle — is the traditional management that maintains the sward structure these species need. Moderate grazing pressure keeps the turf short enough for sun-loving species while preventing the invasion of coarse grasses and scrub.",[43,157,159],{"id":158},"forest-edge-and-woodland-meadows","Forest-edge and woodland meadows",[15,161,162,163,166],{},"In the forest zone of central Russia, the richest grassland butterfly sites are the clearings and margins between forest and open land — the ",[61,164,165],{},"opushka"," habitat:",[51,168,169,178,187,196],{},[54,170,171,59,174,177],{},[19,172,173],{},"Pearl heath",[61,175,176],{},"Coenonympha arcania",") — warm woodland rides and scrubby margins",[54,179,180,59,183,186],{},[19,181,182],{},"Small pearl-bordered fritillary",[61,184,185],{},"Boloria selene",") — moist clearings with violet",[54,188,189,59,192,195],{},[19,190,191],{},"White admiral",[61,193,194],{},"Limenitis camilla",") — shaded rides with honeysuckle",[54,197,198,59,201,204],{},[19,199,200],{},"Silver-washed fritillary",[61,202,203],{},"Argynnis paphia",") — oak and mixed woodland rides",[10,206,208],{"id":207},"steppe-habitats-and-their-butterflies","Steppe habitats and their butterflies",[43,210,212,213,216],{"id":211},"meadow-steppe-луговая-степь","Meadow steppe (",[61,214,215],{},"луговая степь",")",[15,218,219],{},"The transition zone between forest-steppe and true steppe, with a rich forb (wildflower) layer in a tall-grass matrix, is the most botanically diverse and butterfly-rich steppe type. Characteristic species include:",[51,221,222,231,240,249],{},[54,223,224,59,227,230],{},[19,225,226],{},"Esper's marbled white",[61,228,229],{},"Melanargia russiae",") — tall-grass steppe with fescues and bunchgrasses",[54,232,233,59,236,239],{},[19,234,235],{},"Eastern clouded yellow",[61,237,238],{},"Colias erate",") — legume-rich swards",[54,241,242,59,245,248],{},[19,243,244],{},"Little blue",[61,246,247],{},"Cupido minimus",") — kidney vetch patches",[54,250,251,59,254,257,258,261],{},[19,252,253],{},"Damon blue",[61,255,256],{},"Polyommatus damon",") — sainfoin (",[61,259,260],{},"Onobrychis",") on calcareous soils",[43,263,265,266,216],{"id":264},"dry-feather-grass-steppe-типичная-степь","Dry feather-grass steppe (",[61,267,268],{},"типичная степь",[15,270,271,272,275],{},"The classic open steppe of the Black Earth belt, dominated by feather-grasses (",[61,273,274],{},"Stipa",") and fescues, hosts more drought-tolerant specialists:",[51,277,278,287,296,305],{},[54,279,280,59,283,286],{},[19,281,282],{},"Great sooty satyr",[61,284,285],{},"Satyrus ferula",") — large, powerful brown satyrid of rocky and dry grass steppe",[54,288,289,59,292,295],{},[19,290,291],{},"The hermit",[61,293,294],{},"Chazara briseis",") — bare and rocky steppe slopes",[54,297,298,59,301,304],{},[19,299,300],{},"Lattice brown",[61,302,303],{},"Kirinia roxelana",") — tall grass at steppe margins, range reaches southern Russia",[54,306,307,59,310,313,314,59,317,320],{},[19,308,309],{},"Pale clouded yellow",[61,311,312],{},"Colias hyale",") and ",[19,315,316],{},"Berger's clouded yellow",[61,318,319],{},"C. alfacariensis",") — legume-rich steppe patches",[322,323,324,337],"table",{},[325,326,327],"thead",{},[328,329,330,334],"tr",{},[331,332,333],"th",{},"Steppe type",[331,335,336],{},"Characteristic butterflies",[338,339,340,349,357,365],"tbody",{},[328,341,342,346],{},[343,344,345],"td",{},"Meadow steppe",[343,347,348],{},"Esper's marbled white, eastern clouded yellow, Damon blue",[328,350,351,354],{},[343,352,353],{},"Feather-grass steppe",[343,355,356],{},"Great sooty satyr, hermit, pale clouded yellow",[328,358,359,362],{},[343,360,361],{},"Rocky (petrophytic) steppe",[343,363,364],{},"Chazara briseis, various Pseudophilotes blues, steppe skippers",[328,366,367,370],{},[343,368,369],{},"Saline steppe",[343,371,372],{},"Damon blue, salt-flat specialist lycaenids, clouded yellows",[10,374,376],{"id":375},"threats-to-grassland-butterflies","Threats to grassland butterflies",[43,378,380],{"id":379},"ploughing-of-virgin-steppe","Ploughing of virgin steppe",[15,382,383],{},"The most catastrophic single event for the Russian steppe fauna was the Virgin Lands campaign of the 1950s–60s, which brought over 40 million hectares of natural steppe under the plough. This destroyed irreplaceable plant communities — some of them ancient since the Pleistocene — along with the entire butterfly faunas dependent on them. Recovery on ploughed steppe, even after decades of abandonment, is extremely slow: rare plant species and their associated butterflies may never return.",[43,385,387],{"id":386},"agricultural-intensification","Agricultural intensification",[15,389,390],{},"On meadows retained in agricultural use, the shift from late hay-cutting to early, repeated silage cuts eliminates most butterfly species within a few years. Nitrogen fertilisation promotes aggressive grasses that crowd out the diverse low-growing flowers on which blues, fritillaries, and skippers depend. Herbicide drift from neighbouring arable fields further reduces the plant diversity that sustains grassland communities.",[43,392,394],{"id":393},"abandonment-and-scrub-encroachment","Abandonment and scrub encroachment",[15,396,397],{},"Paradoxically, the end of traditional grazing or mowing is equally destructive. Without management, rank grasses and scrub invade within a decade, shading out the low-growing plants and eliminating the warm, open microclimate that grassland butterflies need. Many former meadows in central Russia are now birch scrub or young forest — biologically unproductive for grassland species.",[43,399,401],{"id":400},"climate-change","Climate change",[15,403,404],{},"Warming and increasing summer drought are shifting steppe-adapted species northward while compressing the range of meadow species dependent on cooler, moister conditions. Species with narrow host-plant requirements and limited dispersal ability — many blues and fritillaries — cannot track these shifts fast enough and face local extinction from sites where they have been recorded for centuries.",[10,406,408],{"id":407},"conservation","Conservation",[15,410,411,412,415,416,419],{},"The most effective conservation measure for grassland butterflies is the continuation or re-introduction of ",[19,413,414],{},"traditional management",": late hay-cutting (after 15 July where possible), low-intensity grazing, and rotational management that ensures some areas are always at an early successional stage. Protected areas — ",[61,417,418],{},"zapovedniks"," and national parks — preserve remnant steppe and meadow communities, but connectivity between fragments is essential for long-term population viability.",[15,421,422],{},"Several Russian zapovedniks have world-class steppe butterfly faunas: Khopyor, Galichya Gora, and Belaya Gora in the Black Earth belt, and the Orenburg steppes in the southern Urals, all support communities of 80–100 species including species of conservation concern at European and global level.",{"title":424,"searchDepth":425,"depth":425,"links":426},"",2,[427,428,434,440,446],{"id":12,"depth":425,"text":13},{"id":40,"depth":425,"text":41,"children":429},[430,432,433],{"id":45,"depth":431,"text":46},3,{"id":101,"depth":431,"text":102},{"id":158,"depth":431,"text":159},{"id":207,"depth":425,"text":208,"children":435},[436,438],{"id":211,"depth":431,"text":437},"Meadow steppe (луговая степь)",{"id":264,"depth":431,"text":439},"Dry feather-grass steppe (типичная степь)",{"id":375,"depth":425,"text":376,"children":441},[442,443,444,445],{"id":379,"depth":431,"text":380},{"id":386,"depth":431,"text":387},{"id":393,"depth":431,"text":394},{"id":400,"depth":431,"text":401},{"id":407,"depth":425,"text":408},"\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej.png","Meadows and steppes support the richest butterfly communities in the temperate world, but face drastic losses across temperate Eurasia.","md",[451,454,457],{"q":452,"a":453},"Why are meadows and steppes so important for butterflies?","Open grasslands offer the combination that butterflies need most: abundant nectar from a diversity of wildflowers, open sunny conditions for thermoregulation, and a variety of larval host plants in close proximity. A traditionally managed hay meadow in European Russia can support 50–70 species of butterfly — as many as some tropical forests — because the diverse plant community, undisturbed soil, and absence of pesticides create a near-ideal environment. The same area converted to a monoculture wheat field or seeded with a single grass species supports almost none. Steppes in particular are ancient, botanically complex systems that evolved alongside grazing mammals over millions of years; their butterfly faunas are correspondingly old and specialist.",{"q":455,"a":456},"What butterfly species characterise Russian steppes?","The Russian steppe fauna has a pronounced continental character. Dominant species include several clouded yellows — the pale clouded yellow (Colias hyale), Berger's clouded yellow (Colias alfacariensis), and eastern clouded yellow (Colias erate) — which fly in successive broods from May to September. Blues are extremely diverse: the Adonis blue (Polyommatus bellargus), chalk-hill blue (Polyommatus coridon), and many Pseudophilotes and Plebejus species. The steppe is also the domain of large brown satyrs: the great sooty satyr (Satyrus ferula), the hermit (Chazara briseis), and Esper's marbled white (Melanargia russiae) are characteristic of dry, rocky grassland. Skippers — including the silver-spotted skipper (Hesperia comma) and large grizzled skipper (Pyrgus alveus) — are disproportionately diverse in steppe compared to wetter grasslands.",{"q":458,"a":459},"What are the main threats to grassland butterflies in Russia?","The most destructive change has been the ploughing of virgin steppe (целина), which eliminated tens of millions of hectares of natural grassland in the Soviet period. Today the remaining steppe fragments face two opposite pressures: agricultural intensification (fertilisation, herbicide use, early and frequent mowing) and abandonment (scrub encroachment when traditional grazing or mowing ceases). Both destroy the diverse plant structure that grassland butterflies need. Climate warming is shifting the distribution of steppe-associated species northward and compressing the range of montane meadow species. Pesticide drift from adjacent arable fields kills adults and reduces the larval host plant community. Collectively these pressures have caused many steppe butterfly species to decline by 30–70% in European Russia since the 1980s.","Photorealistic nature photo, Colias hyale pale clouded yellow butterfly on yellow clover flower in sunlit steppe meadow, wide open grassland with wildflowers and blue sky in background, warm afternoon light, 16:9",{},true,null,"encyclopedia","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej","06.08.2026",[468,472,476,480],{"label":469,"path":470,"description":471},"Pearl Heath","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya","Coenonympha arcania — woodland-edge grassland specialist",{"label":473,"path":474,"description":475},"Greece","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","Butterflies of Greece — Mediterranean meadow and steppe species",{"label":477,"path":478,"description":479},"Red Book of Russia","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii","Threatened butterfly species in the Russian Red List",{"label":481,"path":482,"description":483},"Encyclopedia","\u002Fentsiklopediya","All butterfly ecology and natural history articles",{"title":485,"description":486},"Butterflies of Meadows and Steppes — Grassland Species, Temperate Eurasia, Conservation","Meadow and steppe butterflies of temperate Eurasia: blues, fritillaries, clouded yellows, satyrs. Habitat types, key species, threats from steppe ploughing and abandonment.",{"loc":465,"lastmod":488},"27.07.2026","entsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-lugov-i-stepej","mluR2fhuWvgpr_T0WWXlad53Y2p251Sf9HsANQAPF8s",[],[],[494,500,506,507,513,519,525,531,537,543,549,554,560,566,573,578,583,589,595,601],{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":499,"order":463},"Butterflies and the Future: Modelling Range Shifts and Extinction Risk","Climate change is projected to redraw where butterflies can live — modelled winners expand, mountain and northern specialists run out of habitat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-budushchego.png","20.07.2026",{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":505,"order":463},"Butterflies in Art and Culture","Butterflies have inspired art, mythology, and belief on every continent — from ancient Egypt to Nabokov's fiction, one of humanity's most resonant symbols.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-kulture.png","18.08.2026",{"title":5,"description":448,"path":465,"coverImage":447,"publishedAt":466,"order":463},{"title":508,"description":509,"path":510,"coverImage":511,"publishedAt":512,"order":463},"Butterflies of Mountain Ecosystems","Mountain butterflies face extreme conditions — intense UV, cold nights, thin air — yet alpine zones support specialised, spectacular communities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgornie-babochki.png","31.07.2026",{"title":514,"description":515,"path":516,"coverImage":517,"publishedAt":518,"order":463},"Butterflies of Tropical Forests","Tropical forests cover less than 7% of Earth's land, but harbour over half of all butterfly species, spread across forest layers and under growing threat.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-tropicheskih-lesov.png","12.05.2026",{"title":520,"description":521,"path":522,"coverImage":523,"publishedAt":524,"order":463},"Butterfly Observer's Equipment","You need very little to start watching butterflies — good binoculars and a field guide take you most of the way. This covers essential and optional gear.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Foborudovanie-nablyudatelya.png","22.05.2026",{"title":526,"description":527,"path":528,"coverImage":529,"publishedAt":530,"order":463},"How to Attract Butterflies to Your Garden","A butterfly-friendly garden needs the right nectar and host plants, sunny sheltered spots, and minimal pesticide use to support butterflies year-round.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-v-sadu.png","15.05.2026",{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":536,"order":463},"How to Photograph Butterflies","Butterfly photography rewards patience and technique. This guide covers camera settings, approach methods, light conditions, and getting sharp close-up shots.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-fotografirovat-babochek.png","19.05.2026",{"title":538,"description":539,"path":540,"coverImage":541,"publishedAt":542,"order":463},"Mimicry and Camouflage in Butterflies","How butterflies use Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, warning colours, and camouflage to survive — from mocker swallowtails to dead-leaf butterflies.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmimikriya-i-maskirovka.png","24.07.2026",{"title":544,"description":545,"path":546,"coverImage":547,"publishedAt":548,"order":463},"Monarch Butterfly Migration — One of Nature's Greatest Journeys","Every autumn, monarch butterflies travel up to 4,500km from Canada to Mexican mountain forests — navigation and multigenerational memory puzzle science.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fmigratsiya-monarkha.png","08.05.2026",{"title":550,"description":551,"path":478,"coverImage":552,"publishedAt":553,"order":463},"Red Data Book Butterflies of Russia","Russia's Red Data Book 2020 list: categories 0–5 and which day-flying butterflies are actually listed. What that means for observers.","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-rossii.png","26.05.2026",{"title":555,"description":556,"path":557,"coverImage":558,"publishedAt":559,"order":463},"The Global IUCN Red List and Butterfly Conservation Status","How the IUCN Red List assesses butterfly extinction risk worldwide, and why so few of the roughly 18,000 known species have been formally evaluated.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkrasnaya-kniga-babochek-mira.png","22.07.2026",{"title":561,"description":562,"path":563,"coverImage":564,"publishedAt":565,"order":463},"Wing Scales and Structural Colour: How a Butterfly's Wing Actually Works","Why butterfly wings are covered in microscopic scales, and how some colours — like Morpho blue — come from physical structure rather than pigment.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fstroenie-kryla-babochki.png","26.07.2026",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":571,"order":572},"What Are Butterflies","Butterflies are insects of the order Lepidoptera with four wings covered in scales. More than 157,000 species exist worldwide.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fchto-takoe-babochki.png","01.05.2026",1,{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":571,"order":425},"How Many Butterfly Species Exist","About 157,000 lepidopteran species are described worldwide. Day-flying butterflies number about 20,000 species. Including undiscovered species, estimates reach 180,000–200,000.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fskolko-vidov-babochek-sushchestvuet.png",{"title":579,"description":580,"path":581,"coverImage":582,"publishedAt":571,"order":431},"How Butterflies Differ from Moths","Butterflies and moths are both lepidopterans, but differ in antennae, resting posture, and activity time. We examine the features with examples.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fbabochki-i-motylki.png",{"title":584,"description":585,"path":586,"coverImage":587,"publishedAt":571,"order":588},"Popular Butterfly Species","The best-known butterflies of the world: swallowtail, red admiral, peacock, Apollo, monarch — descriptions and where to find them.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fpopulyarnye-vidy-babochek.png",4,{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":571,"order":594},"Butterfly Life Cycle","The butterfly life cycle has four stages: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and adult. Complete metamorphosis lasts from several weeks to several years.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fzhiznennyj-tsikl.png",5,{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":571,"order":600},"Where Butterflies Live","Butterflies inhabit all climatic zones except Antarctica. We explore biotopes: tropics, meadows, forests, mountains, steppes, tundra, and cities.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fgde-obitayut-babochki.png",6,{"title":602,"description":603,"path":604,"coverImage":605,"publishedAt":571,"order":606},"How to Use the Atlas","Guide to using the butterfly atlas: how to identify a species, how sections are organized, and how to use the identification guide and encyclopedia.","\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom","\u002Fimages\u002Fentsiklopediya\u002Fkak-polzovatsya-atlasom.png",7,[608,610,612,613],{"label":469,"path":470,"description":471,"coverImage":609,"latinName":176},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsennitsa-arkaniya.png",{"label":473,"path":474,"description":475,"coverImage":611,"latinName":463},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png",{"label":477,"path":478,"description":479,"coverImage":552,"latinName":463},{"label":481,"path":482,"description":483,"coverImage":463,"latinName":463},1787125912123]