[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":709},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela":275,"section-listing:disabled":304,"related-covers:en:":305,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena":306,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":319,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika":364,"section-collection:atlas_en":394},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":260,"description":261,"extension":262,"faq":263,"imagePrompt":273,"meta":274,"navigation":275,"order":276,"pageType":277,"path":278,"publishedAt":279,"readingMinutes":280,"region":276,"relatedLinks":281,"seo":298,"sitemap":301,"stem":302,"updatedAt":276,"__hash__":303},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.md","Butterflies of Venezuela",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":245},"minimark",[9,14,27,31,43,54,60,64,90,93,97,100,103,107,110,114,121,132,136,141,147,157,163,173,177,182,187,193,199,203,210,213,217,224,228],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"venezuela-table-mountains-and-tropical-butterflies","Venezuela: table mountains and tropical butterflies",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"Venezuela spans an extraordinary range of landscapes from the Caribbean coast in the north to the Amazon basin in the south, and from the Andean peaks of Mérida in the west to the ancient Gran Sabana plateau in the east. The country's most distinctive geographical feature — the ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"tepuis"," — gives its butterfly fauna a character found nowhere else on Earth. About ",[19,24,25],{},"1,500 species of day-flying butterflies"," are recorded here.",[10,28,30],{"id":29},"the-tepuis-islands-in-the-sky","The tepuis: islands in the sky",[15,32,33,34,38,39,42],{},"The tepuis (from the Pemón language: ",[35,36,37],"em",{},"tepuy",", \"house of the gods\") are flat-topped sandstone mountains rising abruptly from the Gran Sabana grasslands in Bolívar and Amazonas states. Their vertical walls of 600–1,000 m isolate their summits as effectively as ocean separates islands. The most famous is ",[19,40,41],{},"Roraima"," (2,810 m), shared with Brazil and Guyana.",[15,44,45,46,49,50,53],{},"Because the tepui plateaux have been geographically isolated for tens of millions of years, many animal and plant species are found only on a single summit. In butterflies this means several ",[19,47,48],{},"strictly endemic species"," — forms that evolved from ancestral lowland populations that colonised the plateaux and then diverged in isolation. The cloud forests and boggy ",[35,51,52],{},"tepui"," meadows at high elevations hold these relict populations.",[15,55,56,59],{},[19,57,58],{},"Canaima National Park"," (UNESCO World Heritage Site) encompasses the Angel Falls — the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall — and dozens of tepuis. This is the primary gateway for observing both tepui endemics and Amazonian lowland species on the approach rivers and trails.",[10,61,63],{"id":62},"amazon-basin-southern-venezuela","Amazon basin (southern Venezuela)",[15,65,66,67,70,71,74,75,80,81,84,85,89],{},"Southern Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas states) is part of the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Primary forest here harbours a standard Amazonian butterfly fauna: morphos (",[35,68,69],{},"Morpho deidamia",", ",[35,72,73],{},"M. helenor","), ",[76,77,79],"a",{"href":78},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","owl butterflies"," (",[35,82,83],{},"Caligo","), Agrias with vivid red-and-blue patterns, ",[76,86,88],{"href":87},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","Heliconius"," postman butterflies, and Prepona nymphalids that stay in the forest canopy.",[15,91,92],{},"River beaches along the Caura, Caroní, and Orinoco tributaries produce impressive puddling aggregations — sometimes dozens of species on a single wet sand patch.",[10,94,96],{"id":95},"andean-region-mérida","Andean region (Mérida)",[15,98,99],{},"The Venezuelan Andes in the west, centred on Mérida state, rise to 5,007 m (Pico Bolívar). The cloud forest belt between 1,500 m and 3,000 m supports a mountain butterfly fauna distinct from both the tepuis and lowland Amazonia.",[15,101,102],{},"Common here are high-altitude swallowtails, mountain morphos, and a variety of blues and coppers adapted to the cooler Andean environment. The Mérida cloud forests are biologically connected with the Colombian Andes fauna to the north.",[10,104,106],{"id":105},"llanos-seasonal-savanna","Llanos: seasonal savanna",[15,108,109],{},"The Llanos — Venezuela's vast seasonally flooded savanna — occupies the central Orinoco basin. During the dry season (December–April) the Llanos harbour open-country butterfly fauna: many sulphurs, whites, and skippers. Dramatic seasonal pulses of flowering plants during the first rains (May–June) trigger butterfly activity spikes. The Llanos are best known for birds and caimans, but entomologically they are underexplored.",[10,111,113],{"id":112},"caribbean-coast-and-henri-pittier-national-park","Caribbean coast and Henri Pittier National Park",[15,115,116,117,120],{},"Venezuela's Caribbean coast and the mountains immediately behind it hold some of the most accessible butterfly observation in the country. ",[19,118,119],{},"Henri Pittier National Park"," — established in 1937, Venezuela's oldest — protects cloud forest descending from about 2,400 m to sea level within 50 km.",[15,122,123,124,126,127,131],{},"The park's northern slopes receive moisture from the Caribbean, creating lush forest at mid-elevations. The bird community is famous, but the butterfly fauna is equally rich: dozens of ",[35,125,88],{}," forms, ",[76,128,130],{"href":129},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","glasswing"," ithomiines, and spectacular swallowtails are regularly encountered on the Rancho Grande trail system. The reserve is approximately 100 km from Caracas.",[10,133,135],{"id":134},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,137,138,140],{},[19,139,69],{}," — the predominant morpho species of Venezuelan Amazonia; large (wingspan 120–140 mm), brilliant metallic blue. Males patrol river edges at dawn.",[15,142,143,146],{},[19,144,145],{},"Agrias amydon"," — a nymphalid with a bold pattern of red, blue, and black; inhabits primary forest canopy; descends to fermented fruit on the forest floor.",[15,148,149,152,153,156],{},[19,150,151],{},"Parides sesostris"," — a large swallowtail with green patches on velvety black wings; found in lowland and foothill forest; larva feeds on ",[35,154,155],{},"Aristolochia",".",[15,158,159,162],{},[19,160,161],{},"Prepona antimache"," — a powerful, fast-flying nymphalid of the forest interior; metallic-blue bands on dark wings; attracted to rotting fruit traps.",[15,164,165,168,169,172],{},[19,166,167],{},"Caligo idomeneus"," — the large ",[76,170,171],{"href":78},"owl butterfly"," common in lowland Venezuela; the prominent \"owl eye\" spots on the underwing deter bird predators.",[10,174,176],{"id":175},"best-observation-sites","Best observation sites",[15,178,179,181],{},[19,180,58],{}," (Bolívar state) — UNESCO site; access by light aircraft from Ciudad Bolívar or Puerto Ordaz. Combines tepui scenery, Angel Falls, and excellent Amazonian butterfly fauna on riverside approaches.",[15,183,184,186],{},[19,185,119],{}," (Aragua state) — 2–3 hours from Caracas by road; the Rancho Grande research station has trails through cloud forest with excellent morning butterfly activity.",[15,188,189,192],{},[19,190,191],{},"Mérida and surroundings"," (Mérida state) — Andean city at 1,600 m; cable car access to high altitudes; mountain trails in Los Nevados National Park reach páramo zone where altitude-adapted species fly.",[15,194,195,198],{},[19,196,197],{},"Caura river basin"," (Bolívar state) — remote but exceptional; one of Venezuela's last large untouched river systems; river beaches produce remarkable puddling assemblages.",[10,200,202],{"id":201},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,204,205,206,209],{},"The best conditions in most of Venezuela coincide with the ",[19,207,208],{},"dry season: December–April",". Roads are passable, trails are dry, and butterfly activity peaks at puddles and mineral licks along rivers. In the Llanos the dry season concentrates animals around permanent water, making observation easier.",[15,211,212],{},"In Amazonian southern Venezuela, butterflies fly year-round. The tepui summits are accessible mainly in the dry season, when helicopter and hiking access is feasible. The Caribbean slope (Henri Pittier) is good from December through March.",[10,214,216],{"id":215},"conservation","Conservation",[15,218,219,220,223],{},"Venezuela's butterfly habitats face several distinct threats. In the north, rapid expansion of cattle ranching and charcoal production has reduced and fragmented cloud forests along the coastal mountains. In the south, illegal gold mining (",[35,221,222],{},"garimpo",") contaminates rivers and destroys forest in Bolívar and Amazonas states. The tepui summits are relatively well protected within Canaima National Park, but illegal climbing and waste affect the most-visited summits.",[10,225,227],{"id":226},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[229,230,231,239,242],"ul",{},[232,233,234,235,238],"li",{},"Roraima tepui (Venezuela\u002FBrazil\u002FGuyana) inspired Arthur Conan Doyle's novel ",[35,236,237],{},"The Lost World"," (1912). The plateau's fauna does indeed include archaic isolated forms, including several unique butterfly species.",[232,240,241],{},"The Canaima National Park covers 30,000 km² — roughly the area of Belgium — and contains more tepuis than any other protected area in the world.",[232,243,244],{},"Some tepui butterfly species are known from fewer than ten collected specimens; their ecology and larval host plants remain completely unknown.",{"title":246,"searchDepth":247,"depth":247,"links":248},"",2,[249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259],{"id":12,"depth":247,"text":13},{"id":29,"depth":247,"text":30},{"id":62,"depth":247,"text":63},{"id":95,"depth":247,"text":96},{"id":105,"depth":247,"text":106},{"id":112,"depth":247,"text":113},{"id":134,"depth":247,"text":135},{"id":175,"depth":247,"text":176},{"id":201,"depth":247,"text":202},{"id":215,"depth":247,"text":216},{"id":226,"depth":247,"text":227},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","md",[264,267,270],{"q":265,"a":266},"What makes Venezuelan butterflies unique?","Venezuela's main claim to entomological fame is its tepuis — isolated sandstone table mountains rising 1,000–3,000 m above the surrounding Gran Sabana savanna. These plateaux have been separated from each other and from Amazonian lowland forests for millions of years, producing high endemism: dozens of butterfly species occur only on specific tepui summits. This is a classic case of island biogeography on continental mountains.",{"q":268,"a":269},"Where is the best place to see butterflies in Venezuela?","The most accessible major butterfly destination is Henri Pittier National Park, a cloud forest reserve 2–3 hours from Caracas near the Caribbean coast. For spectacular Amazonian fauna the Canaima National Park and the lower Orinoco forests are excellent, though they require more planning. The Mérida region in the western Andes offers high-altitude Andean species.",{"q":271,"a":272},"Can I visit Angel Falls and see butterflies at the same time?","Yes. Angel Falls (Salto Ángel) is located in the Canaima National Park in the Gran Sabana. The approach involves a light aircraft flight to Canaima village and river boat excursions. The surrounding gallery forest and riverside beaches are productive for puddling butterflies — especially large aggregations of sulphurs and swallowtails — and the tepui slopes near the falls support endemic species.","Photorealistic nature photo, Morpho butterfly with vivid blue wings perched on tepui rock in Canaima National Park Venezuela, ancient sandstone table mountain and Angel Falls waterfall visible in background, golden afternoon light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","04.07.2026",1,[282,286,290,294],{"label":283,"path":284,"description":285},"South America","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","Overview of butterflies of South America",{"label":287,"path":288,"description":289},"Blue Morpho","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","Iconic Amazonian butterfly",{"label":291,"path":292,"description":293},"Owl Butterfly","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","Large Caligo species of tropical forests",{"label":295,"path":296,"description":297},"Heliconius Melpomene","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","Tropical postman butterfly",{"title":299,"description":300},"Butterflies of Venezuela — Tepuis, Canaima, Andes, 1,500 Species","Venezuela has 1,500 butterfly species including many tepui endemics. Canaima National Park, Henri Pittier cloud forest, and Andean Mérida region. Best sites and observation guide.",{"loc":278},"atlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","vpME9o2zKI0Kr-W9cYVqxBpABpzOH_gH7GvkfjlTWmY",[],[],[307,309,313,316],{"label":283,"path":284,"description":285,"coverImage":308,"latinName":276},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",{"label":287,"path":288,"description":310,"coverImage":311,"latinName":312},"Iconic morpho butterfly of Amazonian forests","\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","Morpho menelaus",{"label":291,"path":292,"description":293,"coverImage":314,"latinName":315},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg","Caligo memnon",{"label":295,"path":296,"description":297,"coverImage":317,"latinName":318},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg","Heliconius melpomene",[320,326,331,337,343,349,352,358],{"title":321,"description":322,"path":323,"coverImage":324,"publishedAt":325,"order":280},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",{"title":327,"description":328,"path":329,"coverImage":330,"publishedAt":325,"order":247},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":332,"description":333,"path":334,"coverImage":335,"publishedAt":325,"order":336},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",3,{"title":338,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":325,"order":342},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":325,"order":348},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":283,"description":350,"path":284,"coverImage":308,"publishedAt":325,"order":351},"Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.",6,{"title":353,"description":354,"path":355,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":325,"order":357},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":359,"description":360,"path":361,"coverImage":362,"publishedAt":325,"order":363},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[365,371,377,382,388,393],{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":370,"order":276},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":387,"order":276},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":389,"description":390,"path":391,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":5,"description":261,"path":278,"coverImage":260,"publishedAt":279,"order":276},[395,400,401,407,412,413,419,425,430,431,436,441,446,447,453,458,463,468,474,479,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,519,524,529,535,540,545,550,556,562,568,574,580,585,590,596,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,633,638,643,649,654,659,664,670,671,677,682,687,692,697,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708],{"title":396,"description":397,"path":398,"coverImage":399,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":370,"order":276},{"title":402,"description":403,"path":404,"coverImage":405,"publishedAt":406,"order":276},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":418,"order":276},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":420,"description":421,"path":422,"coverImage":423,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":426,"description":427,"path":428,"coverImage":429,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":437,"description":438,"path":439,"coverImage":440,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":442,"description":443,"path":444,"coverImage":445,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":385,"coverImage":386,"publishedAt":387,"order":276},{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":452,"order":276},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":454,"description":455,"path":456,"coverImage":457,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":464,"description":465,"path":466,"coverImage":467,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":469,"description":470,"path":471,"coverImage":472,"publishedAt":473,"order":276},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":490,"description":491,"path":492,"coverImage":493,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":500,"description":501,"path":502,"coverImage":503,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":505,"description":506,"path":507,"coverImage":508,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":510,"description":511,"path":512,"coverImage":513,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":515,"description":516,"path":517,"coverImage":518,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":520,"description":521,"path":522,"coverImage":523,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":525,"description":526,"path":527,"coverImage":528,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":530,"description":531,"path":532,"coverImage":533,"publishedAt":534,"order":276},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":536,"description":537,"path":538,"coverImage":539,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":541,"description":542,"path":543,"coverImage":544,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":546,"description":547,"path":548,"coverImage":549,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":551,"description":552,"path":553,"coverImage":554,"publishedAt":555,"order":276},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":557,"description":558,"path":559,"coverImage":560,"publishedAt":561,"order":276},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":567,"order":276},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":569,"description":570,"path":571,"coverImage":572,"publishedAt":573,"order":276},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":575,"description":576,"path":577,"coverImage":578,"publishedAt":579,"order":276},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":581,"description":582,"path":583,"coverImage":584,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":586,"description":587,"path":588,"coverImage":589,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":591,"description":592,"path":593,"coverImage":594,"publishedAt":595,"order":276},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":389,"description":390,"path":391,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":376,"order":276},{"title":598,"description":599,"path":600,"coverImage":601,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":603,"description":604,"path":605,"coverImage":606,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":623,"description":624,"path":625,"coverImage":626,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":628,"description":629,"path":630,"coverImage":631,"publishedAt":632,"order":276},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":634,"description":635,"path":636,"coverImage":637,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":639,"description":640,"path":641,"coverImage":642,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":644,"description":645,"path":646,"coverImage":647,"publishedAt":648,"order":276},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":650,"description":651,"path":652,"coverImage":653,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":655,"description":656,"path":657,"coverImage":658,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":660,"description":661,"path":662,"coverImage":663,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":665,"description":666,"path":667,"coverImage":668,"publishedAt":669,"order":276},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":5,"description":261,"path":278,"coverImage":260,"publishedAt":279,"order":276},{"title":672,"description":673,"path":674,"coverImage":675,"publishedAt":676,"order":276},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":678,"description":679,"path":680,"coverImage":681,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":683,"description":684,"path":685,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":688,"description":689,"path":690,"coverImage":691,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":693,"description":694,"path":695,"coverImage":696,"publishedAt":424,"order":276},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":698,"description":699,"path":700,"coverImage":276,"publishedAt":325,"order":276},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":321,"description":322,"path":323,"coverImage":324,"publishedAt":325,"order":280},{"title":327,"description":328,"path":329,"coverImage":330,"publishedAt":325,"order":247},{"title":332,"description":333,"path":334,"coverImage":335,"publishedAt":325,"order":336},{"title":338,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":325,"order":342},{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":325,"order":348},{"title":283,"description":350,"path":284,"coverImage":308,"publishedAt":325,"order":351},{"title":353,"description":354,"path":355,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":325,"order":357},{"title":359,"description":360,"path":361,"coverImage":362,"publishedAt":325,"order":363},1787125896753]