[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":736},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador":305,"section-listing:disabled":334,"related-covers:en:":335,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij":336,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":347,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika":391,"section-collection:atlas_en":421},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":290,"description":291,"extension":292,"faq":293,"imagePrompt":303,"meta":304,"navigation":305,"order":306,"pageType":307,"path":308,"publishedAt":309,"readingMinutes":310,"region":306,"relatedLinks":311,"seo":328,"sitemap":331,"stem":332,"updatedAt":306,"__hash__":333},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.md","Butterflies of Ecuador",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":272},"minimark",[9,14,23,27,32,35,65,69,76,94,98,105,108,112,118,138,151,155,162,169,173,179,185,194,200,206,210,216,221,227,233,237,244,248,254,257,261],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"ecuador-the-worlds-butterfly-capital-by-density","Ecuador: the world's butterfly capital by density",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"Ecuador occupies less than 284,000 km² — roughly the size of Germany — yet it harbours approximately ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"4,500 species of day-flying butterflies",", making it the country with the highest butterfly species density per unit area on Earth. This extraordinary concentration is the product of a unique collision of three entirely different biogeographic worlds squeezed together on the equator.",[10,24,26],{"id":25},"three-worlds-in-one-country","Three worlds in one country",[28,29,31],"h3",{"id":30},"the-amazon-basin-oriente","The Amazon basin (Oriente)",[15,33,34],{},"Eastern Ecuador — locally called the Oriente — is part of the upper Amazon basin. The provinces of Napo, Pastaza, Morona-Santiago, and Zamora-Chinchipe are covered by primary lowland tropical forest virtually continuous with the forests of Peru and Brazil.",[15,36,37,40,41,45,46,49,50,55,56,60,61,64],{},[19,38,39],{},"Yasuní National Park"," (Napo province) is considered one of the most biodiverse places on Earth across all taxa. Butterfly diversity here rivals Peru: morphos (",[42,43,44],"em",{},"Morpho achilles",", ",[42,47,48],{},"M. deidamia","), Agrias, Prepona, ",[51,52,54],"a",{"href":53},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","Heliconius",", and ",[51,57,59],{"href":58},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","owl butterflies"," (",[42,62,63],{},"Caligo",") are all common. Puddling aggregations on Napo river beaches can include 50+ species at once.",[28,66,68],{"id":67},"andean-cloud-forests","Andean cloud forests",[15,70,71,72,75],{},"The spine of the Andes runs through Ecuador at elevations from 500 m to over 6,000 m (Chimborazo). The ",[19,73,74],{},"cloud forest belt"," between roughly 1,000 m and 2,800 m on both the eastern and western slopes is the primary engine of Ecuador's butterfly diversity. Each ridge and valley tends to have slightly different species assemblages — the result of millions of years of isolation during climate oscillations.",[15,77,78,60,82,85,86,89,90,93],{},[51,79,81],{"href":80},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","Glasswing butterflies",[42,83,84],{},"Greta oto"," and dozens of related ithomiine species) are the hallmark of these moist forests. ",[42,87,88],{},"Heliconius sapho"," with its striking black-and-white pattern is another cloud forest icon. Mountain morphos (",[42,91,92],{},"Morpho sulkowskyi",", with pearlescent white wings) replace the blue lowland morphos above 1,500 m.",[28,95,97],{"id":96},"the-chocó-hotspot-of-hotspots","The Chocó — hotspot of hotspots",[15,99,100,101,104],{},"The western slope of the Andes in Ecuador and Colombia forms part of the ",[19,102,103],{},"Chocó biodiversity hotspot",", one of the most threatened and species-rich regions on Earth. Annual rainfall of 3,000–8,000 mm has maintained unbroken forest cover through ice ages, allowing species to accumulate over millions of years without extinction bottlenecks.",[15,106,107],{},"Ecuador's Chocó segment is home to hundreds of endemic butterfly species — many known from just a single valley or mountain slope. The area is also the global centre of diversity for some nymphalid tribes, including the clearwing ithomiines.",[10,109,111],{"id":110},"mindo-the-accessible-window-into-cloud-forest-diversity","Mindo: the accessible window into cloud forest diversity",[15,113,114,117],{},[19,115,116],{},"Mindo"," is the flagship butterfly destination in Ecuador and one of the most celebrated in all of South America. Located at 1,250 m in the western Andean foothills, the Mindo-Nambillo Protected Forest offers:",[119,120,121,125,132,135],"ul",{},[122,123,124],"li",{},"Year-round butterfly activity with peaks in the drier months (June–August and December–February)",[122,126,127,128,131],{},"More than ",[19,129,130],{},"400 species"," recorded in the valley",[122,133,134],{},"A dozen butterfly farms and botanical reserves with guided tours",[122,136,137],{},"Easy 2-hour road connection from Quito",[15,139,140,141,45,144,146,147,150],{},"A single morning walk on the main Mindo trails regularly produces sightings of ",[51,142,143],{"href":80},"glasswings",[42,145,54],{},", morphos, swallowtails (",[42,148,149],{},"Parides","), and dozens of hairstreaks and blues invisible to the untrained eye.",[10,152,154],{"id":153},"galápagos-islands","Galápagos Islands",[15,156,157,158,161],{},"Ecuador's Galápagos archipelago lies 1,000 km off the Pacific coast. The islands have roughly ",[19,159,160],{},"25 butterfly species",", several endemic at the subspecies or species level. Numbers are modest compared with the mainland — colonisation of oceanic islands by butterflies depends on rare wind-drift events — but every species present tells a story of chance dispersal and local adaptation.",[15,163,164,165,168],{},"The most notable endemic is ",[42,166,167],{},"Junonia genoveva galapagensis",", the Galápagos buckeye, with markings subtly different from its mainland relatives.",[10,170,172],{"id":171},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,174,175,178],{},[19,176,177],{},"Morpho peleides"," — the common blue morpho; iridescent blue wings 100–120 mm across. Abundant in lower cloud forests and Amazonian edges throughout Ecuador.",[15,180,181,184],{},[19,182,183],{},"Heliconius sara"," — a vivid blue-and-black postman butterfly common in Mindo; its bold warning colours signal unpalatability to predators.",[15,186,187,189,190,193],{},[19,188,84],{}," — the ",[51,191,192],{"href":80},"glasswing butterfly","; transparent wings make it nearly invisible at rest among leaves. The primary model for Ecuadorian cloud forest.",[15,195,196,199],{},[19,197,198],{},"Agrias narcissus"," — a jewel-like nymphalid with a red-blue-green pattern; inhabits primary Amazonian forest and is sought after by collectors and photographers alike.",[15,201,202,205],{},[19,203,204],{},"Parides childrenae"," — a spectacular swallowtail with velvety black wings and vivid green patches; found in cloud forests of the eastern Andean slope.",[10,207,209],{"id":208},"best-observation-sites","Best observation sites",[15,211,212,215],{},[19,213,214],{},"Mindo valley"," — the classic choice; best infrastructure, widest species range, suitable for all skill levels.",[15,217,218,220],{},[19,219,39],{}," (Napo province) — requires a flight to Coca or a long overland journey, but delivers the most complete Amazonian fauna.",[15,222,223,226],{},[19,224,225],{},"Cajas National Park"," (Azuay province, near Cuenca) — high-altitude páramo at 3,000–4,500 m; specialist fauna of mountain butterflies including Andean whites, fritillaries, and altitude-adapted blues.",[15,228,229,232],{},[19,230,231],{},"Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve"," (northwest of Quito) — smaller than Mindo but excellent for Chocó endemics and tranquil observation.",[10,234,236],{"id":235},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,238,239,240,243],{},"Ecuador straddles the equator, so day length is constant year-round. The main seasonal driver is rainfall. In the western slopes and Mindo the ",[19,241,242],{},"drier months"," (June–August and December–February) are considered optimal: butterflies are more active in sunshine and puddling aggregations are larger. In Amazonia the dry season (roughly July–November) provides better trail conditions. Cloud forests function year-round — the key variable is whether the fog lifts by mid-morning.",[10,245,247],{"id":246},"science-and-conservation","Science and conservation",[15,249,250,251,253],{},"Ecuador is a critical site for evolutionary biology. Studies of ",[42,252,54],{}," mimicry rings across Ecuadorian valleys have been central to understanding how warning coloration evolves and how genetic exchange between populations creates geographic variation. The country hosts numerous long-term butterfly monitoring projects.",[15,255,256],{},"The primary threat is deforestation on the western slopes (Chocó). Only about 2–4% of the original Chocó forest remains in Ecuador. Many narrowly endemic butterfly species have restricted ranges that could place entire populations at risk from a single logging event.",[10,258,260],{"id":259},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[119,262,263,266,269],{},[122,264,265],{},"Ecuador's Mindo valley has been counted in Christmas Bird Count data since the 1990s and doubles as a butterfly hot spot: the Christmas Butterfly Count regularly exceeds 300 species in a single day.",[122,267,268],{},"The ithomiine tribe (clearwing nymphalids) reaches its global peak diversity in Ecuador — over 200 species are recorded in the country.",[122,270,271],{},"Several new butterfly species are described from Ecuador each year; the cloud forests of the western Andes remain incompletely surveyed.",{"title":273,"searchDepth":274,"depth":274,"links":275},"",2,[276,277,283,284,285,286,287,288,289],{"id":12,"depth":274,"text":13},{"id":25,"depth":274,"text":26,"children":278},[279,281,282],{"id":30,"depth":280,"text":31},3,{"id":67,"depth":280,"text":68},{"id":96,"depth":280,"text":97},{"id":110,"depth":274,"text":111},{"id":153,"depth":274,"text":154},{"id":171,"depth":274,"text":172},{"id":208,"depth":274,"text":209},{"id":235,"depth":274,"text":236},{"id":246,"depth":274,"text":247},{"id":259,"depth":274,"text":260},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","md",[294,297,300],{"q":295,"a":296},"Why does Ecuador have so many butterfly species?","Ecuador sits on the equator and contains three radically different zones within a small area: the Amazon basin in the east, the Andes mountains in the centre with dozens of isolated altitudinal biomes, and the Pacific coast in the west including the hyper-humid Chocó forests. This combination, plus geographic isolation on multiple slopes, produced extreme speciation. About 4,500 species have been recorded — more per km² than any other country.",{"q":298,"a":299},"What is Mindo and why is it famous for butterflies?","Mindo is a small town in the western Andean foothills about 80 km northwest of Quito, at 1,250 m elevation. The surrounding cloud forest is one of the most biodiverse on Earth. Dozens of butterfly farms and reserves operate in the area, and observers regularly record 100+ species per day. Mindo is accessible by road from Quito and is a classic first destination for naturalists visiting Ecuador.",{"q":301,"a":302},"Are there butterflies on the Galápagos Islands?","Yes, though in small numbers. The Galápagos Islands have about 25 butterfly species, several of which are endemic. The most studied is the Galápagos silver-spotted skipper (Aguna claxon galapagensis). The islands are remarkable for the evolutionary stories behind even their limited butterfly fauna, since colonisation by chance dispersal from the mainland has led to local adaptation.","Photorealistic nature photo, glasswing butterfly Greta oto resting on green leaf in Mindo cloud forest Ecuador, transparent wings with orange and black borders, misty Andean forest background with bromeliads and orchids, soft morning light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","02.07.2026",1,[312,316,320,324],{"label":313,"path":314,"description":315},"South America","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","Overview of butterflies of South America",{"label":317,"path":318,"description":319},"Glasswing Butterfly","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka","Transparent-winged nymphalid of cloud forests",{"label":321,"path":322,"description":323},"Heliconius Melpomene","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena","Classic neotropical postman butterfly",{"label":325,"path":326,"description":327},"Blue Morpho","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","Iconic blue butterfly of Amazonian forests",{"title":329,"description":330},"Butterflies of Ecuador — 4,500 Species, Mindo, Amazon, Galápagos","Ecuador has more butterfly species per km² than any country on Earth. 4,500 species across the Amazon, Andes, Chocó, and Galápagos. Best observation sites and iconic species.",{"loc":308},"atlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","VuRZM_ti6EyjNB7ur_AJeJbI1bO3BOJXT-OuKO1emeA",[],[],[337,339,341,344],{"label":313,"path":314,"description":315,"coverImage":338,"latinName":306},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",{"label":317,"path":318,"description":319,"coverImage":340,"latinName":84},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsteklyannaya-babochka.jpg",{"label":321,"path":322,"description":323,"coverImage":342,"latinName":343},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fgelikoniya-melpomena.jpg","Heliconius melpomene",{"label":325,"path":326,"description":327,"coverImage":345,"latinName":346},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","Morpho menelaus",[348,354,359,364,370,376,379,385],{"title":349,"description":350,"path":351,"coverImage":352,"publishedAt":353,"order":310},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",{"title":355,"description":356,"path":357,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":353,"order":274},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":353,"order":280},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":353,"order":369},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":371,"description":372,"path":373,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":353,"order":375},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":313,"description":377,"path":314,"coverImage":338,"publishedAt":353,"order":378},"Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.",6,{"title":380,"description":381,"path":382,"coverImage":383,"publishedAt":353,"order":384},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":386,"description":387,"path":388,"coverImage":389,"publishedAt":353,"order":390},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[392,398,404,409,410,415],{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":397,"order":306},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":399,"description":400,"path":401,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":5,"description":291,"path":308,"coverImage":290,"publishedAt":309,"order":306},{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":416,"description":417,"path":418,"coverImage":419,"publishedAt":420,"order":306},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",[422,427,428,434,439,440,446,452,457,458,463,468,473,474,480,485,490,495,501,506,511,516,521,526,531,536,541,546,551,556,562,567,572,577,583,589,595,601,607,612,617,623,624,629,634,639,644,649,654,660,665,670,676,681,686,691,697,698,704,709,714,719,724,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735],{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":397,"order":306},{"title":429,"description":430,"path":431,"coverImage":432,"publishedAt":433,"order":306},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":435,"description":436,"path":437,"coverImage":438,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":399,"description":400,"path":401,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},{"title":441,"description":442,"path":443,"coverImage":444,"publishedAt":445,"order":306},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":447,"description":448,"path":449,"coverImage":450,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":464,"description":465,"path":466,"coverImage":467,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":469,"description":470,"path":471,"coverImage":472,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":5,"description":291,"path":308,"coverImage":290,"publishedAt":309,"order":306},{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":479,"order":306},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":491,"description":492,"path":493,"coverImage":494,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":496,"description":497,"path":498,"coverImage":499,"publishedAt":500,"order":306},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":502,"description":503,"path":504,"coverImage":505,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":507,"description":508,"path":509,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":512,"description":513,"path":514,"coverImage":515,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":517,"description":518,"path":519,"coverImage":520,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":537,"description":538,"path":539,"coverImage":540,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":542,"description":543,"path":544,"coverImage":545,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":547,"description":548,"path":549,"coverImage":550,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":552,"description":553,"path":554,"coverImage":555,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":557,"description":558,"path":559,"coverImage":560,"publishedAt":561,"order":306},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":573,"description":574,"path":575,"coverImage":576,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":578,"description":579,"path":580,"coverImage":581,"publishedAt":582,"order":306},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":584,"description":585,"path":586,"coverImage":587,"publishedAt":588,"order":306},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":594,"order":306},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":600,"order":306},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":602,"description":603,"path":604,"coverImage":605,"publishedAt":606,"order":306},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":622,"order":306},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":403,"order":306},{"title":625,"description":626,"path":627,"coverImage":628,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":630,"description":631,"path":632,"coverImage":633,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":640,"description":641,"path":642,"coverImage":643,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":645,"description":646,"path":647,"coverImage":648,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":650,"description":651,"path":652,"coverImage":653,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":655,"description":656,"path":657,"coverImage":658,"publishedAt":659,"order":306},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":661,"description":662,"path":663,"coverImage":664,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":666,"description":667,"path":668,"coverImage":669,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":671,"description":672,"path":673,"coverImage":674,"publishedAt":675,"order":306},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":677,"description":678,"path":679,"coverImage":680,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":682,"description":683,"path":684,"coverImage":685,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":687,"description":688,"path":689,"coverImage":690,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":692,"description":693,"path":694,"coverImage":695,"publishedAt":696,"order":306},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":416,"description":417,"path":418,"coverImage":419,"publishedAt":420,"order":306},{"title":699,"description":700,"path":701,"coverImage":702,"publishedAt":703,"order":306},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":705,"description":706,"path":707,"coverImage":708,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":710,"description":711,"path":712,"coverImage":713,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":715,"description":716,"path":717,"coverImage":718,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":720,"description":721,"path":722,"coverImage":723,"publishedAt":451,"order":306},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":725,"description":726,"path":727,"coverImage":306,"publishedAt":353,"order":306},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":349,"description":350,"path":351,"coverImage":352,"publishedAt":353,"order":310},{"title":355,"description":356,"path":357,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":353,"order":274},{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":353,"order":280},{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":353,"order":369},{"title":371,"description":372,"path":373,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":353,"order":375},{"title":313,"description":377,"path":314,"coverImage":338,"publishedAt":353,"order":378},{"title":380,"description":381,"path":382,"coverImage":383,"publishedAt":353,"order":384},{"title":386,"description":387,"path":388,"coverImage":389,"publishedAt":353,"order":390},1787125896729]