[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":832},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya":370,"section-listing:disabled":398,"related-covers:en:":399,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika|\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu|\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fagrias-klaudina":400,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":409,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika":454,"section-collection:atlas_en":486},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":355,"description":356,"extension":357,"faq":358,"imagePrompt":368,"meta":369,"navigation":370,"order":371,"pageType":372,"path":373,"publishedAt":374,"readingMinutes":343,"region":371,"relatedLinks":375,"seo":392,"sitemap":395,"stem":396,"updatedAt":371,"__hash__":397},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya.md","Butterflies of Bolivia",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":341},"minimark",[9,14,23,30,34,41,44,66,69,120,125,128,132,135,138,167,173,177,187,221,227,231,234,258,262,265,331,335,338],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"overview","Overview",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"Bolivia is landlocked in the heart of South America, straddling the Andes and the Amazon basin. Its territory descends from the high ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"altiplano"," at 3,500–4,000 m — one of the world's highest inhabited plateaus — down the steep eastern Andean escarpment through cloud forest and subtropical valleys, and spreads across the vast lowlands of the Amazon and Pantanal to the east and south.",[15,24,25,26,29],{},"This single country therefore contains a complete cross-section of South American ecosystems, and its butterfly fauna reflects this: an estimated ",[19,27,28],{},"3,000–3,500 species",", distributed across habitats as different as sparse puna grassland at 4,000 m and flooded igapó forest at 200 m. Bolivia is consistently cited as one of the world's five most butterfly-rich countries.",[10,31,33],{"id":32},"the-yungas-bolivias-butterfly-jewel","The Yungas — Bolivia's butterfly jewel",[15,35,36,37,40],{},"The ",[19,38,39],{},"Yungas"," — the humid subtropical and cloud forest belt on the eastern Andean slopes — is the heart of Bolivia's butterfly diversity. Occupying elevations roughly between 800 and 2,800 m, it forms a band along the entire eastern face of the Bolivian Andes, characterised by persistent cloud cover, high rainfall, and extraordinary botanical richness.",[15,42,43],{},"The key features that drive Yungas butterfly diversity:",[45,46,47,54,60],"ul",{},[48,49,50,53],"li",{},[19,51,52],{},"Altitudinal compression",": species typical of lowland Amazon and species typical of Andean cloud forest meet and overlap, producing both communities simultaneously within a small area",[48,55,56,59],{},[19,57,58],{},"Habitat heterogeneity",": each ridge and valley has slightly different exposure, soil, and microclimate, promoting local endemism",[48,61,62,65],{},[19,63,64],{},"Seasonal stability",": the cloud forest maintains relatively constant temperature and humidity year-round, supporting more species than seasonally extreme habitats",[15,67,68],{},"Notable Yungas species include:",[45,70,71,77,87,96,111],{},[48,72,73,76],{},[19,74,75],{},"Agrias claudina"," — scarlet-and-blue canopy nymphalid (see species page)",[48,78,79,82,83,86],{},[19,80,81],{},"Morpho menelaus"," and ",[19,84,85],{},"M. achilles"," — brilliant blue morphos of forest edges and rivers",[48,88,89,82,92,95],{},[19,90,91],{},"Ithomia",[19,93,94],{},"Napeogenes"," glasswings — transparent-winged nymphalids that drift through forest understory in toxic mimicry rings",[48,97,98,99,102,103,82,107,110],{},"Multiple ",[19,100,101],{},"Heliconius"," species, including ",[104,105,106],"em",{},"H. melpomene",[104,108,109],{},"H. erato"," — Müllerian co-mimics with bold red and yellow patterns",[48,112,113,82,116,119],{},[19,114,115],{},"Papilio zagreus",[19,117,118],{},"P. thoas"," — large swallowtails of forest clearings",[121,122,124],"h3",{"id":123},"coroico-and-the-death-road","Coroico and the \"Death Road\"",[15,126,127],{},"The North Yungas Road descending from La Paz to Coroico passes through one of the most concentrated altitudinal gradients in South America — dropping nearly 3,600 m in 60 km. The former road (now a mountain bike and hiking route) passes through continuous Yungas cloud forest and is among the most accessible butterfly-watching transects in Bolivia. Species composition changes dramatically every few hundred metres of altitude.",[10,129,131],{"id":130},"amazon-lowlands","Amazon lowlands",[15,133,134],{},"East of the Yungas escarpment, the Bolivian Amazon spreads across Beni and Pando departments — flat, seasonally flooded forest and savanna, geologically and climatically part of the greater Amazon basin.",[15,136,137],{},"This zone adds purely Amazonian species absent from the mountains:",[45,139,140,149,155,161],{},[48,141,142,82,145,148],{},[19,143,144],{},"Prepona",[19,146,147],{},"Archaeoprepona"," — powerful, canopy-level Charaxinae with iridescent blue-green upperwings",[48,150,151,154],{},[19,152,153],{},"Caligo"," owl butterflies — huge brown nymphalids with massive eyespots on the underside; crepuscular",[48,156,157,160],{},[19,158,159],{},"Morpho deidamia"," and other lowland Morpho species",[48,162,163,166],{},[19,164,165],{},"Urania leilus"," — a day-flying moth frequently mistaken for a butterfly, with iridescent green and black wings, sometimes seen in massive migration events",[15,168,36,169,172],{},[19,170,171],{},"Madidi National Park"," (1.9 million ha, Beni department) is one of the world's most biodiverse protected areas; surveys have documented over 2,000 butterfly species within the park, and experts estimate the true total could approach 3,000 for this single site.",[10,174,176],{"id":175},"andean-high-zones","Andean high zones",[15,178,179,180,183,184,186],{},"Above the Yungas, the Bolivian Andes support a progressively specialised high-altitude fauna. The ",[19,181,182],{},"puna"," grassland and ",[19,185,21],{}," above 3,800 m have far fewer species but include genuine high-altitude endemics:",[45,188,189,202,208,214],{},[48,190,191,194,195,82,198,201],{},[19,192,193],{},"Colias"," species adapted to Andean conditions — including ",[104,196,197],{},"C. dimera",[104,199,200],{},"C. euxanthe"," on high grassland",[48,203,204,207],{},[19,205,206],{},"Tatochila"," whites — genus endemic to the Andes",[48,209,210,213],{},[19,211,212],{},"Phulia"," whites — snowfield and rocky slope specialists above 4,000 m",[48,215,216,217,220],{},"Several high-altitude ",[19,218,219],{},"Lycaenidae"," restricted to individual mountain ranges",[15,222,36,223,226],{},[19,224,225],{},"Salar de Uyuni"," region, despite its extreme aridity and altitude, supports a small but distinctive community of open-country whites and blues.",[10,228,230],{"id":229},"chiquitano-dry-forest-and-pantanal","Chiquitano dry forest and Pantanal",[15,232,233],{},"In eastern Bolivia, the Chiquitano dry forest of Santa Cruz department and the margins of the Pantanal wetland add seasonal subtropical species distinct from both Yungas and Amazon:",[45,235,236,242,252],{},[48,237,238,241],{},[19,239,240],{},"Dione juno"," — orange and black heliconiid",[48,243,244,245,82,248,251],{},"Various ",[19,246,247],{},"Eurema",[19,249,250],{},"Phoebis"," yellows and sulphurs",[48,253,254,257],{},[19,255,256],{},"Anartia jatrophae"," — white peacock, a common open-country nymphalid",[10,259,261],{"id":260},"seasonality","Seasonality",[15,263,264],{},"Bolivia spans several climate zones with different seasonal patterns:",[266,267,268,284],"table",{},[269,270,271],"thead",{},[272,273,274,278,281],"tr",{},[275,276,277],"th",{},"Region",[275,279,280],{},"Best period",[275,282,283],{},"Notes",[285,286,287,298,309,320],"tbody",{},[272,288,289,292,295],{},[290,291,39],"td",{},[290,293,294],{},"May–October (dry)",[290,296,297],{},"Cloud forest accessible, most species in flight",[272,299,300,303,306],{},[290,301,302],{},"Amazon lowland",[290,304,305],{},"July–September",[290,307,308],{},"Peak dry season; mud-puddling concentrations on river beaches",[272,310,311,314,317],{},[290,312,313],{},"Altiplano",[290,315,316],{},"October–March",[290,318,319],{},"Warm season; Colias and whites most active",[272,321,322,325,328],{},[290,323,324],{},"Chiquitano",[290,326,327],{},"September–November",[290,329,330],{},"Transition season with maximum wildflower diversity",[10,332,334],{"id":333},"conservation","Conservation",[15,336,337],{},"Bolivia retains approximately 57% forest cover, among the highest in South America, and its network of protected areas — including Madidi, Amboró, Noel Kempff Mercado, and Pilón Lajas — covers extensive areas of the most biodiverse habitats. However, agricultural expansion (particularly soybean cultivation and cattle ranching in Santa Cruz department), road construction into the Amazon, and coca cultivation in the Yungas all create deforestation pressure. The pace of documented change accelerated sharply in the 2010s.",[15,339,340],{},"Bolivia's butterfly fauna is dramatically under-documented by international standards — many Yungas ridge systems have never been surveyed, and new species are described every year from existing museum collections. The country represents one of the great frontiers of remaining butterfly discovery.",{"title":342,"searchDepth":343,"depth":343,"links":344},"",2,[345,346,350,351,352,353,354],{"id":12,"depth":343,"text":13},{"id":32,"depth":343,"text":33,"children":347},[348],{"id":123,"depth":349,"text":124},3,{"id":130,"depth":343,"text":131},{"id":175,"depth":343,"text":176},{"id":229,"depth":343,"text":230},{"id":260,"depth":343,"text":261},{"id":333,"depth":343,"text":334},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya.png","Bolivia records an estimated 3,000–3,500 butterfly species — among the highest totals on Earth. Geography compresses Andean altiplano to Amazon lowlands.","md",[359,362,365],{"q":360,"a":361},"How many butterfly species are found in Bolivia?","Bolivia is estimated to harbour 3,000–3,500 species of day-flying butterflies, though the country remains significantly under-surveyed and the true total may be higher. This places Bolivia among the top five most species-rich countries in the world for butterflies, alongside Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The exceptional diversity reflects Bolivia's unique geography: a dramatic altitudinal gradient from over 6,500 m in the Andes to below 150 m in the Amazon lowlands, compressing the full range of Neotropical habitats — altiplano tundra, cloud forest, subtropical Yungas, dry Chiquitano forest, and lowland rainforest — within a single country.",{"q":363,"a":364},"What is the Yungas and why is it so important for butterflies?","The Yungas is the subtropical cloud forest zone on the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes, typically occupying elevations between 800 and 2,800 m where warm, moisture-laden air rising from the Amazon basin condenses against the mountain slopes. This zone is among the most butterfly-rich habitats on Earth: the combination of high plant diversity (cloud forest has more plant species per hectare than most other ecosystems), steep altitudinal gradients creating many microclimates, and relatively stable year-round conditions produces a community of extraordinary depth. Species overlap between the Andean and Amazonian faunas here, and many endemics evolved in isolation on individual Yungas ridges. Single well-surveyed sites in the Bolivian Yungas have recorded over 1,000 species.",{"q":366,"a":367},"Where are the best butterfly watching sites in Bolivia?","The most accessible and productive sites are concentrated in the Yungas and the Amazon gateway region. Coroico, in the Yungas about 100 km from La Paz along the famous 'Death Road' (now mostly replaced by a safer highway), offers excellent cloud forest butterflies within reach of the capital. Rurrenabaque, a small town at the Andean foothills on the edge of the Amazon basin, is the gateway to Madidi National Park — one of the world's most biodiverse protected areas, where butterfly lists regularly exceed 2,000 species for the whole park. The Chapare region of Cochabamba department, the Serranía de Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve, and the Amboró National Park in Santa Cruz department are also outstanding sites accessible with moderate effort.","Photorealistic nature photo, Morpho menelaus blue morpho butterfly gliding over misty cloud forest canopy in Bolivian Yungas, steep green Andean slopes descending to Amazon lowlands in background, dramatic tropical mountain light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya","24.08.2026",[376,380,384,388],{"label":377,"path":378,"description":379},"South America","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","Overview of butterflies of South America",{"label":381,"path":382,"description":383},"Peru","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","Butterflies of Peru — Manu and Amazonian species",{"label":385,"path":386,"description":387},"Ecuador","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","Butterflies of Ecuador — Andean cloud forest",{"label":389,"path":390,"description":391},"Claudina Agrias","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fagrias-klaudina","Agrias claudina — spectacular scarlet canopy butterfly of Bolivia",{"title":393,"description":394},"Butterflies of Bolivia — 3,500 Species, Yungas Cloud Forest, Amazon","Bolivia butterfly atlas: 3,000–3,500 species from Andean altiplano to Amazon lowlands. Yungas cloud forest, Madidi National Park, Agrias, Morpho, glasswings — key sites and seasons.",{"loc":373},"atlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya","0OCAg7b8ST115iNuBw5h8RPScbXoNbMespuUjdd8RNE",[],[],[401,403,405,407],{"label":377,"path":378,"description":379,"coverImage":402,"latinName":371},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",{"label":381,"path":382,"description":383,"coverImage":404,"latinName":371},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"label":385,"path":386,"description":387,"coverImage":406,"latinName":371},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png",{"label":389,"path":390,"description":391,"coverImage":408,"latinName":75},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fagrias-klaudina.png",[410,417,422,427,433,439,442,448],{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":415,"order":416},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",1,{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":415,"order":343},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":415,"order":349},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":415,"order":432},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":415,"order":438},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":377,"description":440,"path":378,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":415,"order":441},"Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.",6,{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":415,"order":447},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":449,"description":450,"path":451,"coverImage":452,"publishedAt":415,"order":453},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[455,461,462,468,473,477,480],{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":460,"order":371},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":5,"description":356,"path":373,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":374,"order":371},{"title":463,"description":464,"path":465,"coverImage":466,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":469,"description":470,"path":471,"coverImage":472,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":474,"description":475,"path":386,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":476,"order":371},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","02.07.2026",{"title":478,"description":479,"path":382,"coverImage":404,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":485,"order":371},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",[487,492,493,499,504,505,506,512,518,524,529,530,535,540,545,546,552,557,562,567,573,578,583,588,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,628,634,639,644,649,655,661,667,673,679,684,689,695,696,701,706,712,717,722,727,732,738,743,748,754,760,765,770,775,781,782,788,794,800,805,810,815,820,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831],{"title":488,"description":489,"path":490,"coverImage":491,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":460,"order":371},{"title":494,"description":495,"path":496,"coverImage":497,"publishedAt":498,"order":371},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":500,"description":501,"path":502,"coverImage":503,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":5,"description":356,"path":373,"coverImage":355,"publishedAt":374,"order":371},{"title":463,"description":464,"path":465,"coverImage":466,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},{"title":507,"description":508,"path":509,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":511,"order":371},"Butterflies of Bulgaria","Bulgaria — one of Europe's finest butterfly destinations, over 220 species. Black Sea coast to Balkan peaks: endemics and mountain specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fbolgariya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fbolgariya.png","26.09.2026",{"title":513,"description":514,"path":515,"coverImage":516,"publishedAt":517,"order":371},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":519,"description":520,"path":521,"coverImage":522,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":525,"description":526,"path":527,"coverImage":528,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":469,"description":470,"path":471,"coverImage":472,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},{"title":531,"description":532,"path":533,"coverImage":534,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":536,"description":537,"path":538,"coverImage":539,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":541,"description":542,"path":543,"coverImage":544,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":474,"description":475,"path":386,"coverImage":406,"publishedAt":476,"order":371},{"title":547,"description":548,"path":549,"coverImage":550,"publishedAt":551,"order":371},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":553,"description":554,"path":555,"coverImage":556,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":572,"order":371},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":579,"description":580,"path":581,"coverImage":582,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":584,"description":585,"path":586,"coverImage":587,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":589,"description":590,"path":591,"coverImage":592,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":594,"description":595,"path":596,"coverImage":597,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":599,"description":600,"path":601,"coverImage":602,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":604,"description":605,"path":606,"coverImage":607,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":609,"description":610,"path":611,"coverImage":612,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":614,"description":615,"path":616,"coverImage":617,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":619,"description":620,"path":621,"coverImage":622,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":633,"order":371},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":640,"description":641,"path":642,"coverImage":643,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":645,"description":646,"path":647,"coverImage":648,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":650,"description":651,"path":652,"coverImage":653,"publishedAt":654,"order":371},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":656,"description":657,"path":658,"coverImage":659,"publishedAt":660,"order":371},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":662,"description":663,"path":664,"coverImage":665,"publishedAt":666,"order":371},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":668,"description":669,"path":670,"coverImage":671,"publishedAt":672,"order":371},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":674,"description":675,"path":676,"coverImage":677,"publishedAt":678,"order":371},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":680,"description":681,"path":682,"coverImage":683,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":685,"description":686,"path":687,"coverImage":688,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":690,"description":691,"path":692,"coverImage":693,"publishedAt":694,"order":371},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":478,"description":479,"path":382,"coverImage":404,"publishedAt":467,"order":371},{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":711,"order":371},"Butterflies of Romania","Romania is a great European butterfly country — Carpathian wilderness, Transylvanian meadows and Danube Delta support over 200 species, many rare elsewhere.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Frumyniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Frumyniya.png","05.10.2026",{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":718,"description":719,"path":720,"coverImage":721,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":723,"description":724,"path":725,"coverImage":726,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":731,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":733,"description":734,"path":735,"coverImage":736,"publishedAt":737,"order":371},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":739,"description":740,"path":741,"coverImage":742,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":744,"description":745,"path":746,"coverImage":747,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":749,"description":750,"path":751,"coverImage":752,"publishedAt":753,"order":371},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":755,"description":756,"path":757,"coverImage":758,"publishedAt":759,"order":371},"Butterflies of Taiwan","Taiwan records around 400 butterfly species on an island barely 400 km long. Steep mountains compress East Asian habitats and support many endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan.png","02.09.2026",{"title":761,"description":762,"path":763,"coverImage":764,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":766,"description":767,"path":768,"coverImage":769,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":771,"description":772,"path":773,"coverImage":774,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":776,"description":777,"path":778,"coverImage":779,"publishedAt":780,"order":371},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":485,"order":371},{"title":783,"description":784,"path":785,"coverImage":786,"publishedAt":787,"order":371},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":789,"description":790,"path":791,"coverImage":792,"publishedAt":793,"order":371},"Butterflies of Zambia","Zambia is the heart of the Miombo woodland belt, Africa's most extensive dry tropical forest, with around 750 butterfly species and Afrotropical endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fzambiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fzambiya.png","17.09.2026",{"title":795,"description":796,"path":797,"coverImage":798,"publishedAt":799,"order":371},"Butterflies of the Democratic Republic of Congo","DR Congo may be Earth's most butterfly-rich country: 5,000+ species in the Congo Basin rainforest, with unique Charaxes, Cymothoe, and swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo.png","08.09.2026",{"title":801,"description":802,"path":803,"coverImage":804,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":806,"description":807,"path":808,"coverImage":809,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":811,"description":812,"path":813,"coverImage":814,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":816,"description":817,"path":818,"coverImage":819,"publishedAt":523,"order":371},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":821,"description":822,"path":823,"coverImage":371,"publishedAt":415,"order":371},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":415,"order":416},{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":415,"order":343},{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":415,"order":349},{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":415,"order":432},{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":415,"order":438},{"title":377,"description":440,"path":378,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":415,"order":441},{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":415,"order":447},{"title":449,"description":450,"path":451,"coverImage":452,"publishedAt":415,"order":453},1791911177095]