[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":605},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya":180,"section-listing:disabled":204,"related-covers:en:":205,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa|\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik":206,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":213,"section-collection:atlas_en":275,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":596},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":174,"description":175,"extension":176,"faq":177,"imagePrompt":178,"meta":179,"navigation":180,"order":177,"pageType":181,"path":182,"publishedAt":183,"readingMinutes":184,"region":177,"relatedLinks":185,"seo":198,"sitemap":201,"stem":202,"updatedAt":177,"__hash__":203},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.md","Butterflies of Turkey",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":160},"minimark",[9,14,23,26,30,35,38,78,82,89,93,104,108,111,115,141,145],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"butterflies-of-turkey-overview","Butterflies of Turkey: overview",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"Turkey occupies a unique biogeographic position: the country lies at the junction of three biomes — Mediterranean, Eurasian, and Irano-Turanian. The result is exceptional species richness. More than ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"450 species of day-flying butterflies"," are recorded, a significant share being endemics or Anatolian sub-endemics.",[15,24,25],{},"For comparison: all of Central Europe has fewer than 200 species.",[10,27,29],{"id":28},"key-regions","Key regions",[31,32,34],"h3",{"id":33},"taurus-mountains-toros","Taurus Mountains (Toros)",[15,36,37],{},"The mountain chain along the Mediterranean coast is the country's richest region. Species found here include:",[39,40,41,53,66,72],"ul",{},[42,43,44,47,48,52],"li",{},[19,45,46],{},"Apollo"," (",[49,50,51],"em",{},"Parnassius apollo",") — in several isolated populations",[42,54,55,58,59,62,63],{},[19,56,57],{},"Endemic fritillaries"," of the genera ",[49,60,61],{},"Erebia"," and ",[49,64,65],{},"Pseudochazara",[42,67,68,71],{},[19,69,70],{},"Graylings"," of several species rare in Europe",[42,73,74,77],{},[19,75,76],{},"Blues"," — several Anatolian endemics",[31,79,81],{"id":80},"anatolian-plateau","Anatolian Plateau",[15,83,84,85,88],{},"Inland areas with semi-arid climate and steppes. Species adapted to dry conditions occur here: steppe blues, graylings. Several species are ",[19,86,87],{},"Anatolian endemics"," found nowhere else.",[31,90,92],{"id":91},"mediterranean-coast","Mediterranean coast",[15,94,95,96,99,100,103],{},"Early spring — the first species fly here in February–March. Typical Mediterranean butterflies: cleopatra (",[49,97,98],{},"Gonepteryx cleopatra","), ",[49,101,102],{},"Zerynthia",", numerous swallowtails.",[31,105,107],{"id":106},"pontic-mountains-black-sea-coast","Pontic Mountains (Black Sea coast)",[15,109,110],{},"Humid climate, forest zone with fauna close to the Caucasus. Several species linked to relict forests of Pontic rhododendrons occur here.",[10,112,114],{"id":113},"observation-season","Observation season",[39,116,117,123,129,135],{},[42,118,119,122],{},[19,120,121],{},"February–March"," — Mediterranean: first species",[42,124,125,128],{},[19,126,127],{},"April–May"," — coasts and low mountains at peak",[42,130,131,134],{},[19,132,133],{},"June–August"," — Taurus Mountains: apollo, fritillaries",[42,136,137,140],{},[19,138,139],{},"September–October"," — second peak on the coast",[10,142,144],{"id":143},"anatolian-endemism","Anatolian endemism",[15,146,147,148,151,152,155,156,159],{},"Turkey is one of the world's centers of butterfly endemism. Of more than 450 species, several dozen occur only on the Anatolian Peninsula. Among them: ",[49,149,150],{},"Pseudochazara anthelea thelephusa",", ",[49,153,154],{},"Kanetisa circe",", and several species of the genus ",[49,157,158],{},"Polyommatus",".",{"title":161,"searchDepth":162,"depth":162,"links":163},"",2,[164,165,172,173],{"id":12,"depth":162,"text":13},{"id":28,"depth":162,"text":29,"children":166},[167,169,170,171],{"id":33,"depth":168,"text":34},3,{"id":80,"depth":168,"text":81},{"id":91,"depth":168,"text":92},{"id":106,"depth":168,"text":107},{"id":113,"depth":162,"text":114},{"id":143,"depth":162,"text":144},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","md",null,"Photorealistic nature photo, Parnassius apollo butterfly on rocky Taurus mountain slope with purple wildflowers, Turkey, Mediterranean sky, 16:9",{},true,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","01.05.2026",1,[186,190,194],{"label":187,"path":188,"description":189},"Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of butterflies of Asia",{"label":191,"path":192,"description":193},"Europe","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","Overview of butterflies of Europe",{"label":195,"path":196,"description":197},"Endemic","\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik","Endemic species and their conservation",{"title":199,"description":200},"Butterflies of Turkey — 450+ Species, Taurus Mountains and Endemics","Butterfly atlas of Turkey: more than 450 day-flying species. Anatolian endemics, apollo in the Taurus, Mediterranean coastal species.",{"loc":182},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","h-U2JU2C3rVG1dOUHC_oWFf0zynsf_yM72n6YGmolsc",[],[],[207,209,211],{"label":187,"path":188,"description":189,"coverImage":208,"latinName":177},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":191,"path":192,"description":193,"coverImage":210,"latinName":177},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"label":195,"path":196,"description":197,"coverImage":212,"latinName":177},"\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik.jpg",[214,219,224,229,234,239,245,251,257,263,268,269],{"title":215,"description":216,"path":217,"coverImage":218,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":220,"description":221,"path":222,"coverImage":223,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":225,"description":226,"path":227,"coverImage":228,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":230,"description":231,"path":232,"coverImage":233,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":235,"description":236,"path":237,"coverImage":238,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":244,"order":177},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":246,"description":247,"path":248,"coverImage":249,"publishedAt":250,"order":177},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":252,"description":253,"path":254,"coverImage":255,"publishedAt":256,"order":177},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":258,"description":259,"path":260,"coverImage":261,"publishedAt":262,"order":177},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":264,"description":265,"path":266,"coverImage":267,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":5,"description":175,"path":182,"coverImage":174,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":270,"description":271,"path":272,"coverImage":273,"publishedAt":274,"order":177},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",[276,281,287,293,298,304,310,316,317,322,327,332,337,343,349,354,359,364,370,371,372,377,382,383,388,389,394,399,404,409,410,415,420,425,426,427,433,439,445,450,455,461,466,471,476,481,486,491,496,497,502,507,513,518,519,520,526,532,533,538,543,548,553,557,562,564,566,572,578,584,590],{"title":277,"description":278,"path":279,"coverImage":280,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":282,"description":283,"path":284,"coverImage":285,"publishedAt":286,"order":177},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":288,"description":289,"path":290,"coverImage":291,"publishedAt":292,"order":177},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":294,"description":295,"path":296,"coverImage":297,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":299,"description":300,"path":301,"coverImage":302,"publishedAt":303,"order":177},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":305,"description":306,"path":307,"coverImage":308,"publishedAt":309,"order":177},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":311,"description":312,"path":313,"coverImage":314,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":215,"description":216,"path":217,"coverImage":218,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":318,"description":319,"path":320,"coverImage":321,"publishedAt":303,"order":177},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":323,"description":324,"path":325,"coverImage":326,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":328,"description":329,"path":330,"coverImage":331,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":333,"description":334,"path":335,"coverImage":336,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":338,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":342,"order":177},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":344,"description":345,"path":346,"coverImage":347,"publishedAt":348,"order":177},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":350,"description":351,"path":352,"coverImage":353,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":355,"description":356,"path":357,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":369,"order":177},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":220,"description":221,"path":222,"coverImage":223,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":225,"description":226,"path":227,"coverImage":228,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":373,"description":374,"path":375,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":230,"description":231,"path":232,"coverImage":233,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":384,"description":385,"path":386,"coverImage":387,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":235,"description":236,"path":237,"coverImage":238,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":390,"description":391,"path":392,"coverImage":393,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":395,"description":396,"path":397,"coverImage":398,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":400,"description":401,"path":402,"coverImage":403,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":244,"order":177},{"title":411,"description":412,"path":413,"coverImage":414,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":416,"description":417,"path":418,"coverImage":419,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":421,"description":422,"path":423,"coverImage":424,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":246,"description":247,"path":248,"coverImage":249,"publishedAt":250,"order":177},{"title":252,"description":253,"path":254,"coverImage":255,"publishedAt":256,"order":177},{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":432,"order":177},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":438,"order":177},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":440,"description":441,"path":442,"coverImage":443,"publishedAt":444,"order":177},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":446,"description":447,"path":448,"coverImage":449,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":451,"description":452,"path":453,"coverImage":454,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":460,"order":177},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":462,"description":463,"path":464,"coverImage":465,"publishedAt":303,"order":177},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":467,"description":468,"path":469,"coverImage":470,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":472,"description":473,"path":474,"coverImage":475,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":477,"description":478,"path":479,"coverImage":480,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":482,"description":483,"path":484,"coverImage":485,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":487,"description":488,"path":489,"coverImage":490,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":492,"description":493,"path":494,"coverImage":495,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":258,"description":259,"path":260,"coverImage":261,"publishedAt":262,"order":177},{"title":498,"description":499,"path":500,"coverImage":501,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":503,"description":504,"path":505,"coverImage":506,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":508,"description":509,"path":510,"coverImage":511,"publishedAt":512,"order":177},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":514,"description":515,"path":516,"coverImage":517,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":264,"description":265,"path":266,"coverImage":267,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":5,"description":175,"path":182,"coverImage":174,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},{"title":521,"description":522,"path":523,"coverImage":524,"publishedAt":525,"order":177},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":531,"order":177},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":270,"description":271,"path":272,"coverImage":273,"publishedAt":274,"order":177},{"title":534,"description":535,"path":536,"coverImage":537,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":539,"description":540,"path":541,"coverImage":542,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":544,"description":545,"path":546,"coverImage":547,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":549,"description":550,"path":551,"coverImage":552,"publishedAt":315,"order":177},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":554,"description":555,"path":556,"coverImage":177,"publishedAt":183,"order":177},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":183,"order":184},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":191,"description":563,"path":192,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":183,"order":162},"Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.",{"title":187,"description":565,"path":188,"coverImage":208,"publishedAt":183,"order":168},"Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":183,"order":571},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":573,"description":574,"path":575,"coverImage":576,"publishedAt":183,"order":577},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":579,"description":580,"path":581,"coverImage":582,"publishedAt":183,"order":583},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":585,"description":586,"path":587,"coverImage":588,"publishedAt":183,"order":589},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":591,"description":592,"path":593,"coverImage":594,"publishedAt":183,"order":595},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604],{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":183,"order":184},{"title":191,"description":563,"path":192,"coverImage":210,"publishedAt":183,"order":162},{"title":187,"description":565,"path":188,"coverImage":208,"publishedAt":183,"order":168},{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":183,"order":571},{"title":573,"description":574,"path":575,"coverImage":576,"publishedAt":183,"order":577},{"title":579,"description":580,"path":581,"coverImage":582,"publishedAt":183,"order":583},{"title":585,"description":586,"path":587,"coverImage":588,"publishedAt":183,"order":589},{"title":591,"description":592,"path":593,"coverImage":594,"publishedAt":183,"order":595},1787125891822]