[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":707},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan":242,"section-listing:disabled":269,"related-covers:en:":270,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam":271,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":279,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":324,"section-collection:atlas_en":386},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":227,"description":228,"extension":229,"faq":230,"imagePrompt":240,"meta":241,"navigation":242,"order":243,"pageType":244,"path":245,"publishedAt":246,"readingMinutes":211,"region":243,"relatedLinks":247,"seo":263,"sitemap":266,"stem":267,"updatedAt":243,"__hash__":268},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan.md","Butterflies of Taiwan",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":209},"minimark",[9,14,23,35,39,44,47,75,79,82,102,106,110,129,133,136,140,146,150,153,157,160,174,196,200,206],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"overview","Overview",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"Taiwan is a high island in the western Pacific, separated from the Chinese mainland by the 180 km Taiwan Strait. Its Central Mountain Range runs the length of the island like a spine, with 268 peaks above 3,000 m and the summit of Jade Mountain (",[19,20,21],"em",{},"Yushan",") reaching 3,952 m — the highest point in northeast Asia outside the Himalayas.",[15,24,25,26,30,31,34],{},"This vertical relief compresses tropical lowland forest in the south, subtropical and warm-temperate forest at middle elevations, cool-temperate forest above 2,000 m, and subalpine scrub and alpine meadow above 3,000 m into a narrow band that can be crossed in an hour's drive. The result is one of the highest butterfly diversities per unit area of any island in the world: approximately ",[27,28,29],"strong",{},"400 species",", including ",[27,32,33],{},"57 endemic species"," and hundreds of endemic subspecies.",[10,36,38],{"id":37},"endemics-and-special-species","Endemics and special species",[40,41,43],"h3",{"id":42},"swallowtails-taiwans-crown-jewels","Swallowtails — Taiwan's crown jewels",[15,45,46],{},"Taiwan has 35 swallowtail species, of which several are strict endemics:",[48,49,50,57,63,69],"ul",{},[51,52,53,56],"li",{},[27,54,55],{},"Papilio maraho"," (Maraho swallowtail) — montane forest, protected as a natural monument; larvae on Sassafras randaiense",[51,58,59,62],{},[27,60,61],{},"Graphium chironides"," — local cliff-face and rocky gorge swallowtail of the south",[51,64,65,68],{},[27,66,67],{},"Troides aeacus kaguya"," — the Taiwanese subspecies of the Golden birdwing, with exceptionally large females; fully protected",[51,70,71,74],{},[27,72,73],{},"Byasa impediens febanus"," — a crimson-patched windmill restricted to Taiwan",[40,76,78],{"id":77},"blues-and-hairstreaks-high-endemism","Blues and hairstreaks — high endemism",[15,80,81],{},"The Lycaenidae of Taiwan include numerous narrow-range endemics, particularly in the high-mountain zone above 2,000 m:",[48,83,84,90,96],{},[51,85,86,89],{},[27,87,88],{},"Shijimia moorei"," and related high-mountain blues restricted to the Central Mountain Range",[51,91,92,95],{},[27,93,94],{},"Chrysozephyrus"," hairstreaks — a diverse complex of oak-associated hairstreaks, many endemic to Taiwan",[51,97,98,101],{},[27,99,100],{},"Arhopala species"," — multiple forest blues in lowland and submontane forest",[10,103,105],{"id":104},"key-regions-and-sites","Key regions and sites",[40,107,109],{"id":108},"maolin-purple-butterfly-valley","Maolin — Purple Butterfly Valley",[15,111,112,113,116,117,120,121,124,125,128],{},"The Maolin district in Kaohsiung, in the warm southern lowlands, hosts Taiwan's most famous butterfly spectacle. From ",[27,114,115],{},"November to March",", hundreds of thousands of ",[27,118,119],{},"Euploea crow butterflies"," (principally ",[19,122,123],{},"Euploea core"," and ",[19,126,127],{},"E. mulciber",") overwinter in the sheltered valleys, clustering on vegetation in aggregations of tens of thousands. This \"Purple Butterfly Valley\" is one of only two known large butterfly overwintering sites in the world (the other being the Monarch wintering grounds in Michoacán, Mexico) and is a major eco-tourism destination. Maolin also holds excellent lowland forest butterflies year-round.",[40,130,132],{"id":131},"taroko-gorge-hualien","Taroko Gorge — Hualien",[15,134,135],{},"The dramatic marble gorge of Taroko National Park on the eastern coast offers outstanding butterfly watching at multiple elevations. The gorge road passes from subtropical forest at sea level through montane forest to the ridge at 3,000 m. Lycaenidae diversity is particularly high; several endemic hairstreaks are most reliably found here. The exposed rock faces and river beaches provide mud-puddling sites for swallowtails, Charaxes relatives, and Pieridae.",[40,137,139],{"id":138},"alishan-central-mountain-forests","Alishan — Central Mountain forests",[15,141,142,143,145],{},"The Alishan mountain area (1,400–2,700 m), accessible by the famous narrow-gauge railway from Chiayi, is the classic site for Taiwanese montane butterflies. Cool-temperate forest with Chamaecyparis cypress, oak, and Sassafras supports endemics including ",[19,144,55],{}," and numerous endemic hairstreaks. April to June is the peak season at this elevation.",[40,147,149],{"id":148},"kenting-national-park-southern-tip","Kenting National Park — southern tip",[15,151,152],{},"The tropical lowlands and coral coast of Kenting, Taiwan's southernmost point, hold the island's most purely tropical butterfly fauna — species shared with the Philippines and southeastern China. Open coastal scrub, tropical dry forest, and mangrove margins support the widest range of Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Danaidae on the island.",[10,154,156],{"id":155},"seasonal-migrations","Seasonal migrations",[15,158,159],{},"Taiwan witnesses two spectacular seasonal butterfly migrations:",[15,161,162,165,166,169,170,173],{},[27,163,164],{},"Autumn Parantica migration (October–November):"," Several hundred thousand ",[19,167,168],{},"Parantica sitalces"," (Chestnut tiger) and ",[19,171,172],{},"P. aglea"," (Glassy tiger), large orange-and-brown milkweed glassywings, converge from across the island and funnel through the Bagua Mountain ridge and Caoling area, heading south to overwintering sites. The concentration at ridge-top mountain passes produces extraordinary aggregations visible from a few metres.",[15,175,176,179,180,183,184,187,188,191,192,195],{},[27,177,178],{},"Spring Pieridae migration (March–April):"," Northward movement of emigrants (",[19,181,182],{},"Catopsilia pomona",", ",[19,185,186],{},"C. pyranthe","), jezebels (",[19,189,190],{},"Delias"," species), and common tigers (",[19,193,194],{},"Danaus genutia",") through the lowland corridors of western Taiwan marks the beginning of the butterfly season. Large numbers pause to nectar at flowering trees and shrubs.",[10,197,199],{"id":198},"conservation","Conservation",[15,201,202,203,205],{},"Taiwan has a well-developed butterfly conservation culture and a strong network of protected areas. ",[19,204,55],{},", the Troides birdwings, and several other endemic swallowtails are protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act; collection and trade are prohibited. The Butterfly Conservation Society of Taiwan runs monitoring programs across the island and manages the Purple Butterfly Valley tourism infrastructure.",[15,207,208],{},"The main threats to Taiwanese butterfly diversity are habitat conversion in the lowland fringe zone (urban expansion, agricultural intensification), road construction through mountain forests, and the effects of climate warming on high-altitude endemic species whose ranges are limited to a narrow altitudinal band and have nowhere higher to go.",{"title":210,"searchDepth":211,"depth":211,"links":212},"",2,[213,214,219,225,226],{"id":12,"depth":211,"text":13},{"id":37,"depth":211,"text":38,"children":215},[216,218],{"id":42,"depth":217,"text":43},3,{"id":77,"depth":217,"text":78},{"id":104,"depth":211,"text":105,"children":220},[221,222,223,224],{"id":108,"depth":217,"text":109},{"id":131,"depth":217,"text":132},{"id":138,"depth":217,"text":139},{"id":148,"depth":217,"text":149},{"id":155,"depth":211,"text":156},{"id":198,"depth":211,"text":199},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan.png","Taiwan records around 400 butterfly species on an island barely 400 km long. Steep mountains compress East Asian habitats and support many endemics.","md",[231,234,237],{"q":232,"a":233},"How many butterfly species are found in Taiwan?","Taiwan records approximately 400 species of day-flying Rhopalocera — an exceptionally high number for an island of 36,000 km². The density of butterfly diversity per unit area is among the highest in the world at this latitude, comparable to the most productive continental Asian sites. This richness reflects Taiwan's position at the junction of Palearctic and Oriental faunal zones, its dramatic altitudinal gradient (sea level to 3,952 m), and its long isolation from mainland China — sufficient for speciation to produce numerous endemics, yet recent enough that most species retain close affinities with continental relatives. Approximately 57 species are endemic to Taiwan, including several spectacular swallowtails.",{"q":235,"a":236},"What is the most famous endemic butterfly of Taiwan?","The most celebrated Taiwanese endemic is Papilio maraho (the Maraho swallowtail or Broadtail swallowtail), classified as a 'natural monument' under Taiwanese law and featured on postage stamps and environmental campaigns. It is a large, dramatic swallowtail — dark wings with cream-yellow markings and a distinctive broad hindwing tail — restricted to montane mixed forest in the central and southern Central Mountain Range at elevations of 500–2,500 m. Its larval host plant is Sassafras randaiense, an endemic Taiwanese tree. Population size is estimated at only a few thousand individuals and it is fully protected; photography and observation are welcomed but collection is prohibited.",{"q":238,"a":239},"When is the best time to see butterflies in Taiwan?","Taiwan's long subtropical season means butterflies are present year-round in the south and at lower elevations. The peak season for overall species richness is April to June in the lowlands and May to August in the mountains. The island is also famous for spectacular butterfly migrations: hundreds of thousands of Parantica swallowtails (milkweed glassywings) migrate through the mountain passes in October–November, and large Pieridae migrations — mostly emigrants (Catopsilia) and jezebels (Delias) — cross lowland Taiwan in late autumn. The 'Purple Butterfly Valley' in Maolin, Kaohsiung, where overwintering Euploea (crow butterflies) congregate in the hundreds of thousands from November to March, is one of the world's most dramatic butterfly spectacles.","Photorealistic nature photo, Papilio maraho Taiwan papilionid butterfly with black and blue wings on wild flower in Taiwan mountain forest, steep Central Mountain Range with mist in background, subtropical morning light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan","02.09.2026",[248,252,256,259],{"label":249,"path":250,"description":251},"Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of butterflies of Asia",{"label":253,"path":254,"description":255},"China","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","Butterflies of China — continental East Asian fauna",{"label":257,"path":250,"description":258},"Japan","Butterflies of Japan",{"label":260,"path":261,"description":262},"Vietnam","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","Butterflies of Vietnam — Indo-Chinese tropical fauna",{"title":264,"description":265},"Butterflies of Taiwan — 400 Species, Endemics, Purple Butterfly Valley","Taiwan butterfly atlas: 400 species, 57 endemics including Papilio maraho. Purple Butterfly Valley crow migration, Parantica autumn migration, Maolin, Taroko — habitats and seasons.",{"loc":245},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftajvan","mtaWPxlVLpXC2DFDjNyZqnjYfAq6hYwOY6-FHBcbTLs",[],[],[272,274,276,277],{"label":249,"path":250,"description":251,"coverImage":273,"latinName":243},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":253,"path":254,"description":255,"coverImage":275,"latinName":243},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"label":257,"path":250,"description":258,"coverImage":273,"latinName":243},{"label":260,"path":261,"description":262,"coverImage":278,"latinName":243},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png",[280,287,292,294,300,306,312,318],{"title":281,"description":282,"path":283,"coverImage":284,"publishedAt":285,"order":286},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",1,{"title":288,"description":289,"path":290,"coverImage":291,"publishedAt":285,"order":211},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":249,"description":293,"path":250,"coverImage":273,"publishedAt":285,"order":217},"Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.",{"title":295,"description":296,"path":297,"coverImage":298,"publishedAt":285,"order":299},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":301,"description":302,"path":303,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":285,"order":305},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":307,"description":308,"path":309,"coverImage":310,"publishedAt":285,"order":311},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":285,"order":317},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":319,"description":320,"path":321,"coverImage":322,"publishedAt":285,"order":323},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[325,328,333,338,342,347,353,359,365,371,372,377,382],{"title":326,"description":327,"path":254,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.",{"title":329,"description":330,"path":331,"coverImage":332,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":334,"description":335,"path":336,"coverImage":337,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":258,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":343,"description":344,"path":345,"coverImage":346,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":348,"description":349,"path":350,"coverImage":351,"publishedAt":352,"order":243},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":354,"description":355,"path":356,"coverImage":357,"publishedAt":358,"order":243},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":364,"order":243},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":370,"order":243},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":228,"path":245,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":246,"order":243},{"title":373,"description":374,"path":375,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":261,"coverImage":278,"publishedAt":385,"order":243},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","15.07.2026",[387,392,398,404,409,415,421,427,433,439,440,445,450,455,460,466,472,477,482,487,493,494,495,500,505,506,511,512,517,522,527,532,533,538,543,548,549,550,556,562,568,573,578,584,589,594,599,605,610,615,620,625,626,631,636,642,643,648,649,650,656,662,663,669,675,680,685,690,695,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706],{"title":388,"description":389,"path":390,"coverImage":391,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":393,"description":394,"path":395,"coverImage":396,"publishedAt":397,"order":243},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":399,"description":400,"path":401,"coverImage":402,"publishedAt":403,"order":243},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":410,"description":411,"path":412,"coverImage":413,"publishedAt":414,"order":243},"Butterflies of Bolivia","Bolivia records an estimated 3,000–3,500 butterfly species — among the highest totals on Earth. Geography compresses Andean altiplano to Amazon lowlands.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fboliviya.png","24.08.2026",{"title":416,"description":417,"path":418,"coverImage":419,"publishedAt":420,"order":243},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":422,"description":423,"path":424,"coverImage":425,"publishedAt":426,"order":243},"Butterflies of Bulgaria","Bulgaria — one of Europe's finest butterfly destinations, over 220 species. Black Sea coast to Balkan peaks: endemics and mountain specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fbolgariya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fbolgariya.png","26.09.2026",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":432,"order":243},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":326,"description":327,"path":254,"coverImage":275,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":441,"description":442,"path":443,"coverImage":444,"publishedAt":420,"order":243},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":446,"description":447,"path":448,"coverImage":449,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":451,"description":452,"path":453,"coverImage":454,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":461,"description":462,"path":463,"coverImage":464,"publishedAt":465,"order":243},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":467,"description":468,"path":469,"coverImage":470,"publishedAt":471,"order":243},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":473,"description":474,"path":475,"coverImage":476,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":478,"description":479,"path":480,"coverImage":481,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":483,"description":484,"path":485,"coverImage":486,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":488,"description":489,"path":490,"coverImage":491,"publishedAt":492,"order":243},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":329,"description":330,"path":331,"coverImage":332,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":334,"description":335,"path":336,"coverImage":337,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":496,"description":497,"path":498,"coverImage":499,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":258,"description":339,"path":340,"coverImage":341,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":507,"description":508,"path":509,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":343,"description":344,"path":345,"coverImage":346,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":513,"description":514,"path":515,"coverImage":516,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":518,"description":519,"path":520,"coverImage":521,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":523,"description":524,"path":525,"coverImage":526,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":528,"description":529,"path":530,"coverImage":531,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":348,"description":349,"path":350,"coverImage":351,"publishedAt":352,"order":243},{"title":534,"description":535,"path":536,"coverImage":537,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":539,"description":540,"path":541,"coverImage":542,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":544,"description":545,"path":546,"coverImage":547,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":354,"description":355,"path":356,"coverImage":357,"publishedAt":358,"order":243},{"title":360,"description":361,"path":362,"coverImage":363,"publishedAt":364,"order":243},{"title":551,"description":552,"path":553,"coverImage":554,"publishedAt":555,"order":243},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":557,"description":558,"path":559,"coverImage":560,"publishedAt":561,"order":243},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":567,"order":243},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":569,"description":570,"path":571,"coverImage":572,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":579,"description":580,"path":581,"coverImage":582,"publishedAt":583,"order":243},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":585,"description":586,"path":587,"coverImage":588,"publishedAt":420,"order":243},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":595,"description":596,"path":597,"coverImage":598,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":600,"description":601,"path":602,"coverImage":603,"publishedAt":604,"order":243},"Butterflies of Romania","Romania is a great European butterfly country — Carpathian wilderness, Transylvanian meadows and Danube Delta support over 200 species, many rare elsewhere.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Frumyniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Frumyniya.png","05.10.2026",{"title":606,"description":607,"path":608,"coverImage":609,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":611,"description":612,"path":613,"coverImage":614,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":616,"description":617,"path":618,"coverImage":619,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":621,"description":622,"path":623,"coverImage":624,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":366,"description":367,"path":368,"coverImage":369,"publishedAt":370,"order":243},{"title":627,"description":628,"path":629,"coverImage":630,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":632,"description":633,"path":634,"coverImage":635,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":637,"description":638,"path":639,"coverImage":640,"publishedAt":641,"order":243},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":5,"description":228,"path":245,"coverImage":227,"publishedAt":246,"order":243},{"title":644,"description":645,"path":646,"coverImage":647,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":373,"description":374,"path":375,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},{"title":651,"description":652,"path":653,"coverImage":654,"publishedAt":655,"order":243},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":657,"description":658,"path":659,"coverImage":660,"publishedAt":661,"order":243},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":383,"description":384,"path":261,"coverImage":278,"publishedAt":385,"order":243},{"title":664,"description":665,"path":666,"coverImage":667,"publishedAt":668,"order":243},"Butterflies of Zambia","Zambia is the heart of the Miombo woodland belt, Africa's most extensive dry tropical forest, with around 750 butterfly species and Afrotropical endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fzambiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fzambiya.png","17.09.2026",{"title":670,"description":671,"path":672,"coverImage":673,"publishedAt":674,"order":243},"Butterflies of the Democratic Republic of Congo","DR Congo may be Earth's most butterfly-rich country: 5,000+ species in the Congo Basin rainforest, with unique Charaxes, Cymothoe, and swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo.png","08.09.2026",{"title":676,"description":677,"path":678,"coverImage":679,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":681,"description":682,"path":683,"coverImage":684,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":686,"description":687,"path":688,"coverImage":689,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":438,"order":243},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":285,"order":243},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":281,"description":282,"path":283,"coverImage":284,"publishedAt":285,"order":286},{"title":288,"description":289,"path":290,"coverImage":291,"publishedAt":285,"order":211},{"title":249,"description":293,"path":250,"coverImage":273,"publishedAt":285,"order":217},{"title":295,"description":296,"path":297,"coverImage":298,"publishedAt":285,"order":299},{"title":301,"description":302,"path":303,"coverImage":304,"publishedAt":285,"order":305},{"title":307,"description":308,"path":309,"coverImage":310,"publishedAt":285,"order":311},{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":285,"order":317},{"title":319,"description":320,"path":321,"coverImage":322,"publishedAt":285,"order":323},1791911171974]