[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":751},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar":322,"section-listing:disabled":350,"related-covers:en:":351,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya":352,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":361,"section-collection:atlas_en":417,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":742},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":307,"description":308,"extension":309,"faq":310,"imagePrompt":320,"meta":321,"navigation":322,"order":323,"pageType":324,"path":325,"publishedAt":326,"readingMinutes":294,"region":323,"relatedLinks":327,"seo":344,"sitemap":347,"stem":348,"updatedAt":323,"__hash__":349},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.md","Butterflies of Myanmar",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":292},"minimark",[9,14,18,26,30,35,38,81,84,88,91,120,124,127,165,169,172,198,202,262,266,281,285],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"overview","Overview",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Myanmar occupies a pivotal position in the biogeography of Asia. Bordered by India and Bangladesh to the northwest, China to the north and northeast, and Laos and Thailand to the east, the country spans from the Eastern Himalayan foothills at over 5,000 m to tropical coastal lowlands barely above sea level. This extraordinary altitudinal and latitudinal range, combined with the convergence of three major biogeographical zones — the Indian subcontinent, the Himalayan highlands, and the Indo-Chinese peninsula — produces one of the richest butterfly faunas in the world.",[15,19,20,21,25],{},"An estimated ",[22,23,24],"strong",{},"900–1,000 species"," of day-flying butterflies have been recorded, with many areas still incompletely surveyed. Large intact forest blocks remain in the Kachin, Shan, and Chin states, preserving communities that have largely disappeared from neighbouring countries with heavier deforestation pressure.",[10,27,29],{"id":28},"biogeographical-zones","Biogeographical zones",[31,32,34],"h3",{"id":33},"himalayan-north-kachin-and-chin-states","Himalayan north (Kachin and Chin States)",[15,36,37],{},"The northern ranges, draining into the Irrawaddy and Chindwin, carry a predominantly Himalayan-affinity fauna — species shared with Bhutan, Sikkim, and Yunnan:",[39,40,41,53,62,71],"ul",{},[42,43,44,47,48,52],"li",{},[22,45,46],{},"Bhutan glory"," (",[49,50,51],"em",{},"Bhutanitis lidderdalii",") — high-altitude forest, one of the most spectacular swallowtails",[42,54,55,47,58,61],{},[22,56,57],{},"Kaiser-i-Hind",[49,59,60],{},"Teinopalpus imperialis",") — montane ridges above 2,000 m",[42,63,64,47,67,70],{},[22,65,66],{},"Himalayan swallowtail",[49,68,69],{},"Papilio Lernaeus",") — forest clearings in the foothills",[42,72,73,76,77,80],{},[22,74,75],{},"Juniper hairstreak"," and other montane ",[49,78,79],{},"Tajuria"," species — oak and rhododendron forest",[15,82,83],{},"The Hkakabo Razi area (Myanmar's highest peak, 5,881 m) remains almost entirely unsurveyed by lepidopterists.",[31,85,87],{"id":86},"central-lowlands-and-irrawaddy-basin","Central lowlands and Irrawaddy basin",[15,89,90],{},"The dry central zone around Mandalay and the Irrawaddy floodplain has a drier, more open vegetation and a correspondingly different fauna of open-country species:",[39,92,93,102,111],{},[42,94,95,47,98,101],{},[22,96,97],{},"Common jezebel",[49,99,100],{},"Delias eucharis",") — widespread in parks and gardens",[42,103,104,47,107,110],{},[22,105,106],{},"Plain tiger",[49,108,109],{},"Danaus chrysippus",") — open scrub and agricultural margins",[42,112,113,47,116,119],{},[22,114,115],{},"Lemon emigrant",[49,117,118],{},"Catopsilia pomona",") — a powerful migratory pierid",[31,121,123],{"id":122},"shan-plateau-and-tenasserim-hills","Shan Plateau and Tenasserim hills",[15,125,126],{},"The Shan Plateau (900–1,500 m) and the long Tenasserim (Tanintharyi) range reaching south toward peninsular Malaysia hold the greatest diversity:",[39,128,129,138,147,156],{},[42,130,131,47,134,137],{},[22,132,133],{},"Paris peacock",[49,135,136],{},"Papilio paris",") — bright turquoise-centred swallowtail, common in montane forest",[42,139,140,47,143,146],{},[22,141,142],{},"Common windmill",[49,144,145],{},"Byasa polyeuctes",") — black with crimson patches",[42,148,149,47,152,155],{},[22,150,151],{},"Malayan lacewing",[49,153,154],{},"Cethosia hypsea",") — forest clearings with vivid orange and black pattern",[42,157,158,47,161,164],{},[22,159,160],{},"Golden birdwing",[49,162,163],{},"Troides aeacus",") — lowland and lower montane forest",[31,166,168],{"id":167},"tenasserim-coast-and-myeik-archipelago","Tenasserim coast and Myeik Archipelago",[15,170,171],{},"The southernmost region, geographically part of the Thai-Malay peninsula, adds Sundaland species reaching their northern limit:",[39,173,174,183,189],{},[42,175,176,47,179,182],{},[22,177,178],{},"Rajah Brooke's birdwing",[49,180,181],{},"Trogonoptera brookiana",") — the most striking butterfly of the Malaysian subregion, with brilliant emerald-green wing tips on velvety black",[42,184,185,188],{},[22,186,187],{},"Mangrove skipper"," and other coastal forest specialists",[42,190,191,47,194,197],{},[22,192,193],{},"Chocolate Albatross",[49,195,196],{},"Appias lyncida",") — common in coastal forest",[10,199,201],{"id":200},"key-habitats","Key habitats",[203,204,205,218],"table",{},[206,207,208],"thead",{},[209,210,211,215],"tr",{},[212,213,214],"th",{},"Habitat",[212,216,217],{},"Characteristic species",[219,220,221,230,238,246,254],"tbody",{},[209,222,223,227],{},[224,225,226],"td",{},"Lowland tropical rainforest",[224,228,229],{},"Golden birdwing, lacewings, Charaxes species",[209,231,232,235],{},[224,233,234],{},"Montane forest (1,000–2,000 m)",[224,236,237],{},"Paris peacock, Kaiser-i-Hind, jezebels (Delias)",[209,239,240,243],{},[224,241,242],{},"High montane (above 2,000 m)",[224,244,245],{},"Bhutan glory, montane Erebia, Apollo relatives",[209,247,248,251],{},[224,249,250],{},"Dry central forest",[224,252,253],{},"Plain tiger, pioneers (Catopsilia), open-country whites",[209,255,256,259],{},[224,257,258],{},"Coastal and mangrove",[224,260,261],{},"Mangrove specialists, Papilio demoleus, emigrants",[10,263,265],{"id":264},"seasonality","Seasonality",[15,267,268,269,272,273,276,277,280],{},"Myanmar's butterfly season is governed by the monsoon. The ",[22,270,271],{},"southwest monsoon"," (June–October) brings heavy rain to western and southern regions, suppressing butterfly activity at low elevations. The ",[22,274,275],{},"dry season"," (November–May) is the main observation window in most areas; montane sites above 1,000 m remain productive through much of the year. The period from ",[22,278,279],{},"January to April"," is typically the best for combining warm dry weather with abundant nectar sources.",[10,282,284],{"id":283},"conservation","Conservation",[15,286,287,288,291],{},"Myanmar retains among the highest forest cover of any country in mainland Southeast Asia — approximately 42% of land area remains forested. However, logging rates have accelerated since the 1990s, and road construction into previously remote highland areas is opening formerly pristine forest to commercial extraction. Several globally protected butterfly species — including ",[49,289,290],{},"Troides"," birdwings found in the region — are monitored by CITES and national legislation, but enforcement is inconsistent. The Hukawng Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Kachin State, one of the largest protected areas in Southeast Asia, preserves critical lowland forest habitat.",{"title":293,"searchDepth":294,"depth":294,"links":295},"",2,[296,297,304,305,306],{"id":12,"depth":294,"text":13},{"id":28,"depth":294,"text":29,"children":298},[299,301,302,303],{"id":33,"depth":300,"text":34},3,{"id":86,"depth":300,"text":87},{"id":122,"depth":300,"text":123},{"id":167,"depth":300,"text":168},{"id":200,"depth":294,"text":201},{"id":264,"depth":294,"text":265},{"id":283,"depth":294,"text":284},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","md",[311,314,317],{"q":312,"a":313},"How many butterfly species live in Myanmar?","Myanmar is estimated to harbour around 900–1,000 species of day-flying butterflies, though the country remains significantly under-surveyed due to decades of limited research access. This places it among the five most species-rich countries in Asia. The exceptional diversity reflects Myanmar's position at the biogeographical junction of the Indian subcontinent, the Himalayas, and the Indo-Chinese peninsula — three major faunal regions meet within its borders. The Tenasserim hills in the far south, which extend into peninsular Thailand, add Malaysian elements to an already complex fauna. Papilionidae (swallowtails and birdwings) are particularly well represented, with over 80 species recorded.",{"q":315,"a":316},"What are the most spectacular butterflies of Myanmar?","Myanmar's most sought-after species include the Golden birdwing (Troides aeacus), a large black-and-gold swallowtail of lowland forest whose female wingspan can reach 150 mm; Rajah Brooke's birdwing (Trogonoptera brookiana), with iridescent green-tipped black wings, which extends into the Tenasserim region from peninsular Malaysia; and the Common windmill (Byasa polyeuctes), a dramatic black swallowtail with crimson hindwing patches. The Paris peacock (Papilio paris), its wings set with a turquoise-blue iridescent patch, is common in montane forest. The Malayan lacewing (Cethosia hypsea) and the Orange Gull (Cepora judith) add spectacular colour to forest clearings.",{"q":318,"a":319},"Which parts of Myanmar are best for butterfly watching?","The most productive butterfly areas are in the mountainous periphery where forest cover remains high. The Chin Hills and Sagaing Region in the northwest hold Himalayan-influence species including Bhutan glory (Bhutanitis lidderdalii) and Himalayan swallowtail (Papilio Lernaeus). Kachin State in the north, bordering Yunnan and northeast India, is known for extraordinary diversity but remains difficult to access. The Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) coast and Myeik Archipelago in the far south, geographically closest to peninsular Malaysia, hold the most Sundaland-affinity species. Pyin Oo Lwin (Maymyo), the former hill station at 1,070 m on the Shan Plateau, is one of the most accessible montane butterfly sites with a well-documented local fauna of several hundred species.","Photorealistic nature photo, Troides aeacus golden birdwing butterfly with large black and golden-yellow wings on tropical flower in Myanmar rainforest, lush green jungle canopy and misty mountain in background, warm tropical light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","14.08.2026",[328,332,336,340],{"label":329,"path":330,"description":331},"Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of butterflies of Asia",{"label":333,"path":334,"description":335},"Thailand","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","Butterflies of Thailand — rich mainland SE Asian fauna",{"label":337,"path":338,"description":339},"India","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","Butterflies of India — from Himalaya to Western Ghats",{"label":341,"path":342,"description":343},"Malaysia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","Butterflies of Malaysia — Sundaland rainforest",{"title":345,"description":346},"Butterflies of Myanmar — 1,000 Species, Birdwings, Himalayan and SE Asian Fauna","Myanmar butterfly atlas: 900–1,000 species at the junction of Indian, Himalayan, and Indo-Chinese faunas. Golden birdwing, Rajah Brooke's, Paris peacock — habitats and key sites.",{"loc":325},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","7FK5QEPAq1rpopRAAZ-WMbA60uV_St-GnkITQ7V6siU",[],[],[353,355,357,359],{"label":329,"path":330,"description":331,"coverImage":354,"latinName":323},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":333,"path":334,"description":335,"coverImage":356,"latinName":323},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"label":337,"path":338,"description":339,"coverImage":358,"latinName":323},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"label":341,"path":342,"description":343,"coverImage":360,"latinName":323},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png",[362,368,371,376,381,386,390,391,397,403,406,411],{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png","01.05.2026",{"title":369,"description":370,"path":338,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.",{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":382,"description":383,"path":384,"coverImage":385,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":342,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":389,"order":323},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","13.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":308,"path":325,"coverImage":307,"publishedAt":326,"order":323},{"title":392,"description":393,"path":394,"coverImage":395,"publishedAt":396,"order":323},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":402,"order":323},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":334,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.",{"title":407,"description":408,"path":409,"coverImage":410,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":416,"order":323},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",[418,423,429,435,440,446,452,458,459,464,469,474,479,485,491,496,501,506,512,513,514,519,524,525,530,531,536,541,546,551,552,557,562,567,568,569,575,581,587,592,597,603,608,613,618,623,628,633,638,639,644,649,655,660,661,662,668,674,675,680,685,690,695,699,705,710,712,718,724,730,736],{"title":419,"description":420,"path":421,"coverImage":422,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":424,"description":425,"path":426,"coverImage":427,"publishedAt":428,"order":323},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":430,"description":431,"path":432,"coverImage":433,"publishedAt":434,"order":323},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":436,"description":437,"path":438,"coverImage":439,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":441,"description":442,"path":443,"coverImage":444,"publishedAt":445,"order":323},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":447,"description":448,"path":449,"coverImage":450,"publishedAt":451,"order":323},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":363,"description":364,"path":365,"coverImage":366,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":445,"order":323},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":470,"description":471,"path":472,"coverImage":473,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":475,"description":476,"path":477,"coverImage":478,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":484,"order":323},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":490,"order":323},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":492,"description":493,"path":494,"coverImage":495,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":497,"description":498,"path":499,"coverImage":500,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":502,"description":503,"path":504,"coverImage":505,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":507,"description":508,"path":509,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":511,"order":323},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":369,"description":370,"path":338,"coverImage":358,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":515,"description":516,"path":517,"coverImage":518,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":520,"description":521,"path":522,"coverImage":523,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":377,"description":378,"path":379,"coverImage":380,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":526,"description":527,"path":528,"coverImage":529,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":382,"description":383,"path":384,"coverImage":385,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":537,"description":538,"path":539,"coverImage":540,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":542,"description":543,"path":544,"coverImage":545,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":547,"description":548,"path":549,"coverImage":550,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":342,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":389,"order":323},{"title":553,"description":554,"path":555,"coverImage":556,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":558,"description":559,"path":560,"coverImage":561,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":563,"description":564,"path":565,"coverImage":566,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":5,"description":308,"path":325,"coverImage":307,"publishedAt":326,"order":323},{"title":392,"description":393,"path":394,"coverImage":395,"publishedAt":396,"order":323},{"title":570,"description":571,"path":572,"coverImage":573,"publishedAt":574,"order":323},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":576,"description":577,"path":578,"coverImage":579,"publishedAt":580,"order":323},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":582,"description":583,"path":584,"coverImage":585,"publishedAt":586,"order":323},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":588,"description":589,"path":590,"coverImage":591,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":593,"description":594,"path":595,"coverImage":596,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":598,"description":599,"path":600,"coverImage":601,"publishedAt":602,"order":323},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":604,"description":605,"path":606,"coverImage":607,"publishedAt":445,"order":323},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":609,"description":610,"path":611,"coverImage":612,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":614,"description":615,"path":616,"coverImage":617,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":619,"description":620,"path":621,"coverImage":622,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":634,"description":635,"path":636,"coverImage":637,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":402,"order":323},{"title":640,"description":641,"path":642,"coverImage":643,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":645,"description":646,"path":647,"coverImage":648,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":650,"description":651,"path":652,"coverImage":653,"publishedAt":654,"order":323},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":656,"description":657,"path":658,"coverImage":659,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":334,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":407,"description":408,"path":409,"coverImage":410,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},{"title":663,"description":664,"path":665,"coverImage":666,"publishedAt":667,"order":323},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":669,"description":670,"path":671,"coverImage":672,"publishedAt":673,"order":323},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":416,"order":323},{"title":676,"description":677,"path":678,"coverImage":679,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":681,"description":682,"path":683,"coverImage":684,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":686,"description":687,"path":688,"coverImage":689,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":457,"order":323},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":323,"publishedAt":367,"order":323},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":700,"description":701,"path":702,"coverImage":703,"publishedAt":367,"order":704},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",1,{"title":706,"description":707,"path":708,"coverImage":709,"publishedAt":367,"order":294},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":329,"description":711,"path":330,"coverImage":354,"publishedAt":367,"order":300},"Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.",{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":367,"order":717},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":719,"description":720,"path":721,"coverImage":722,"publishedAt":367,"order":723},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":725,"description":726,"path":727,"coverImage":728,"publishedAt":367,"order":729},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":731,"description":732,"path":733,"coverImage":734,"publishedAt":367,"order":735},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":367,"order":741},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750],{"title":700,"description":701,"path":702,"coverImage":703,"publishedAt":367,"order":704},{"title":706,"description":707,"path":708,"coverImage":709,"publishedAt":367,"order":294},{"title":329,"description":711,"path":330,"coverImage":354,"publishedAt":367,"order":300},{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":367,"order":717},{"title":719,"description":720,"path":721,"coverImage":722,"publishedAt":367,"order":723},{"title":725,"description":726,"path":727,"coverImage":728,"publishedAt":367,"order":729},{"title":731,"description":732,"path":733,"coverImage":734,"publishedAt":367,"order":735},{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":367,"order":741},1787125891781]