[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":770},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya":342,"section-listing:disabled":370,"related-covers:en:":371,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-bruka":372,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":379,"section-collection:atlas_en":437,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":761},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":327,"description":328,"extension":329,"faq":330,"imagePrompt":340,"meta":341,"navigation":342,"order":343,"pageType":344,"path":345,"publishedAt":346,"readingMinutes":347,"region":343,"relatedLinks":348,"seo":364,"sitemap":367,"stem":368,"updatedAt":343,"__hash__":369},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.md","Butterflies of Malaysia",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":307},"minimark",[9,14,27,34,38,49,60,67,71,77,82,85,121,125,132,135,139,148,152,169,173,178,182,189,201,210,219,228,237,241,248,262,272,276,283,290,294],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"malaysia-sundaland-butterfly-paradise","Malaysia: Sundaland butterfly paradise",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"Malaysia straddles two of the world's great biogeographical regions. ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"Peninsular Malaysia"," forms the southernmost tip of continental Southeast Asia, while the states of ",[19,24,25],{},"Sabah and Sarawak"," occupy the northern third of Borneo — the world's third-largest island. Both are part of Sundaland, an ancient landmass that was connected at lower sea levels during the Pleistocene ice ages, creating shared faunal elements across what is now separated by the South China Sea.",[15,28,29,30,33],{},"The result is a butterfly fauna of approximately ",[19,31,32],{},"1,300 recorded species",", spanning every ecological zone from mangrove coast to cloud forest above 3,000 m. Malaysia is one of the world's top destinations for butterfly observation, combining extraordinary diversity with relatively good road access to forest interiors.",[10,35,37],{"id":36},"rajah-brookes-birdwing","Rajah Brooke's Birdwing",[15,39,40,41,43,44,48],{},"No species defines Malaysia's butterfly identity more completely than ",[19,42,37],{}," (",[45,46,47],"em",{},"Trogonoptera brookiana","). The male is immediately recognisable: velvety black wings carrying a row of triangular patches in vivid electric green, angled along the forewing like a row of arrowheads. In flight the green catches the light differently at each angle, shifting from emerald to lime to almost yellow.",[15,50,51,52,55,56,59],{},"The species congregates at ",[19,53,54],{},"mineral seeps and river sandbars"," where males may gather in groups of 10–50, drinking mineral-rich water. These aggregations — called puddling parties — are one of the great spectacles of tropical entomology. Females, larger and less flamboyant, spend most of their time in the forest canopy, and are rarely seen except near their larval host plant (",[45,57,58],{},"Aristolochia"," vines).",[15,61,62,63,66],{},"Rajah Brooke's Birdwing was declared Malaysia's ",[19,64,65],{},"national butterfly"," in recognition of its uniqueness and its role as a flagship for forest conservation. It is legally protected in both Malaysia and Indonesia.",[10,68,70],{"id":69},"borneo-kinabalu-and-beyond","Borneo: Kinabalu and beyond",[15,72,73,74,76],{},"The Bornean component of Malaysia's butterfly fauna is distinct from the Peninsular fauna. ",[19,75,25],{}," share the island with Indonesian Kalimantan, and Borneo as a whole is one of the world's most important centres of butterfly endemism.",[78,79,81],"h3",{"id":80},"kinabalu-national-park","Kinabalu National Park",[15,83,84],{},"Mount Kinabalu (4,095 m, Sabah) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the best-studied sites for biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Its altitudinal gradient supports dramatically different butterfly communities at each elevation:",[86,87,88,95,109,115],"ul",{},[89,90,91,94],"li",{},[19,92,93],{},"Lowland dipterocarp forest"," (below 600 m): the greatest diversity, including birdwings, large swallowtails, and numerous Lycaenids",[89,96,97,100,101,104,105,108],{},[19,98,99],{},"Hill and lower montane forest"," (600–1,800 m): peak richness for many groups; characteristic species include ",[45,102,103],{},"Papilio karna"," and various ",[45,106,107],{},"Graphium"," swallowtails",[89,110,111,114],{},[19,112,113],{},"Upper montane forest and cloud forest"," (1,800–3,000 m): fewer but more specialised species; several endemic Satyrids found only on Kinabalu",[89,116,117,120],{},[19,118,119],{},"Summit zone"," (above 3,000 m): very few butterfly species; mainly wind-dispersed vagrants",[78,122,124],{"id":123},"danum-valley","Danum Valley",[15,126,127,128,131],{},"The ",[19,129,130],{},"Danum Valley Conservation Area"," (438 km², Sabah) is among the best-preserved patches of lowland Bornean rainforest. Undisturbed by agriculture, it represents the original forest that once covered most of Borneo. Puddling aggregations of birdwings, glasswings, and swallowtails at stream edges are exceptional. Research has identified over 500 species at the site.",[10,133,21],{"id":134},"peninsular-malaysia",[78,136,138],{"id":137},"taman-negara","Taman Negara",[15,140,141,143,144,147],{},[19,142,138],{}," (\"National Park\" in Malay) covers 4,343 km² of forest on the Malay Peninsula. The park's lowland forest is estimated to be around ",[19,145,146],{},"130 million years old"," — far older than the Amazon rainforest — making it one of the world's most ancient continuous ecosystems. Butterfly diversity here is concentrated at river banks, flowering trees, and the famous canopy walkway, where species from different forest layers can be observed.",[78,149,151],{"id":150},"cameron-highlands","Cameron Highlands",[15,153,127,154,156,157,160,161,164,165,168],{},[19,155,151],{}," (900–1,800 m, Pahang) offer a very different experience: cool montane grasslands and tea plantations interspersed with patches of cloud forest. Highland species found here include several ",[45,158,159],{},"Troides"," birdwings (at lower elevations), the endemic ",[45,162,163],{},"Papilio slateri",", and numerous ",[45,166,167],{},"Delias"," species. The Cameron Highlands is particularly good for observing highland Lycaenids feeding on mistletoes.",[78,170,172],{"id":171},"frasers-hill","Fraser's Hill",[15,174,175,177],{},[19,176,172],{}," (1,200–1,500 m) is an accessible highland resort with extensive forest. The road up to the summit passes through progressively higher forest and provides excellent casual observation. Several regional endemics are recorded in the montane zone here.",[10,179,181],{"id":180},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,183,184,43,186,188],{},[19,185,37],{},[45,187,47],{},") — national butterfly; vivid green and black; puddling behaviour.",[15,190,191,43,194,197,198,200],{},[19,192,193],{},"Golden Birdwing",[45,195,196],{},"Troides aeacus",") — large black-and-gold swallowtail of hill and lower montane forests; larvae feed on ",[45,199,58],{},".",[15,202,203,43,206,209],{},[19,204,205],{},"Common Birdwing",[45,207,208],{},"Troides helena",") — the most widespread birdwing of the lowlands; males shining yellow and black; females brown with yellow patches.",[15,211,212,43,215,218],{},[19,213,214],{},"Banded Peacock",[45,216,217],{},"Papilio palinurus",") — emerald-green swallowtail of Borneo's rainforest edges; also on the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.",[15,220,221,43,224,227],{},[19,222,223],{},"Paper Kite",[45,225,226],{},"Idea leuconoe",") — large, slow-flying nymphalid with translucent white wings veined in black; poisonous and unpalatable.",[15,229,230,43,233,236],{},[19,231,232],{},"Cruiser",[45,234,235],{},"Vindula dejone",") — a large orange nymphalid; males brilliant orange-brown, females with blue-green structural colour; common at forest edges.",[10,238,240],{"id":239},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,242,243,244,247],{},"Malaysia is tropical and butterflies fly ",[19,245,246],{},"year-round",". The most productive periods are during transitions between monsoon seasons:",[86,249,250,256],{},[89,251,252,255],{},[19,253,254],{},"March–May",": dry season in Peninsular Malaysia; excellent for puddling aggregations at low river levels",[89,257,258,261],{},[19,259,260],{},"October–December",": shoulder period in Sabah and Sarawak before the northeast monsoon",[15,263,127,264,267,268,271],{},[19,265,266],{},"northeast monsoon"," (November–March) brings heavy rain to the east coast of the Peninsula but leaves the west coast (Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Langkawi) relatively drier. Sabah's ",[19,269,270],{},"dry season"," (April–October) is generally better for forest trails. Cloud forest sites are productive in any month but most rewarding in the clearer mornings of the dry period.",[10,273,275],{"id":274},"conservation","Conservation",[15,277,278,279,282],{},"Malaysia's primary butterfly conservation challenge is ",[19,280,281],{},"deforestation",": oil palm plantations have replaced large areas of lowland forest in both Peninsula and Borneo, particularly in Sabah and Sarawak. Lowland dipterocarp forest — the habitat of highest butterfly diversity — is the most heavily affected.",[15,284,285,286,289],{},"Several birdwing species are listed under ",[19,287,288],{},"CITES Appendix II",", regulating international trade in specimens. Malaysia operates butterfly farms for tourism, notably in Kuala Lumpur's Butterfly Park (one of the world's largest indoor butterfly enclosures), which also plays an educational role.",[10,291,293],{"id":292},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[86,295,296,299,304],{},[89,297,298],{},"Malaysia's butterfly diversity is roughly equal to that of all of Europe and North America combined, despite being far smaller in area.",[89,300,301,303],{},[45,302,47],{}," was named by Alfred Russel Wallace — co-discoverer of the theory of evolution — who encountered it on his travels through Borneo in the 1850s.",[89,305,306],{},"The Danum Valley has been studied continuously for over 40 years, making it one of the world's longest-running tropical forest monitoring programmes.",{"title":308,"searchDepth":309,"depth":309,"links":310},"",2,[311,312,313,318,323,324,325,326],{"id":12,"depth":309,"text":13},{"id":36,"depth":309,"text":37},{"id":69,"depth":309,"text":70,"children":314},[315,317],{"id":80,"depth":316,"text":81},3,{"id":123,"depth":316,"text":124},{"id":134,"depth":309,"text":21,"children":319},[320,321,322],{"id":137,"depth":316,"text":138},{"id":150,"depth":316,"text":151},{"id":171,"depth":316,"text":172},{"id":180,"depth":309,"text":181},{"id":239,"depth":309,"text":240},{"id":274,"depth":309,"text":275},{"id":292,"depth":309,"text":293},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","md",[331,334,337],{"q":332,"a":333},"What is Malaysia's national butterfly?","Rajah Brooke's Birdwing (Trogonoptera brookiana) is Malaysia's national butterfly. Named after Sir James Brooke, the first White Rajah of Sarawak, the male is unmistakable: velvety black wings with a row of vivid electric-green triangular patches angled along the forewing. Females are larger and brown with white spots. The species occurs in the lowland rainforests of Borneo and the Malay Peninsula and is regularly seen at mineral-rich river banks where males congregate in groups of dozens.",{"q":335,"a":336},"How many butterfly species are in Malaysia?","Approximately 1,300 species of day-flying butterflies are recorded in Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia and the Bornean states of Sabah and Sarawak each have their own distinct faunal elements due to the sea barrier between them. Borneo, being part of the Sundaland biodiversity hotspot, is particularly rich in endemic species, especially in the highland forests of Kinabalu.",{"q":338,"a":339},"What is the best place to see butterflies in Malaysia?","Taman Negara on the Malay Peninsula is the most accessible major site — one of the world's oldest rainforests at around 130 million years. In Sabah, Kinabalu National Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site) is outstanding for highland species and offers trails through distinct altitudinal zones from lowland dipterocarp forest to montane scrub. The Danum Valley Conservation Area in Sabah is the premier site for undisturbed lowland Bornean rainforest species.","Photorealistic nature photo, Rajah Brooke's Birdwing Trogonoptera brookiana male butterfly with vivid emerald-green and black wings perched on Heliconia flower in Malaysian rainforest, dappled tropical light, lush green background, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","13.07.2026",1,[349,353,357,361],{"label":350,"path":351,"description":352},"Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of butterflies of Asia",{"label":354,"path":355,"description":356},"Indonesia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","Butterflies of Indonesia — Wallacea and New Guinea",{"label":358,"path":359,"description":360},"Thailand","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","Butterflies of Thailand — 1,200+ species",{"label":37,"path":362,"description":363},"\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fpticekrylka-bruka","Malaysia's national butterfly",{"title":365,"description":366},"Butterflies of Malaysia — 1,300 Species, Rajah Brooke's Birdwing, Borneo","Malaysia butterfly atlas: 1,300 species across Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing, Taman Negara, Kinabalu Park. Where to observe tropical butterflies.",{"loc":345},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","ykUK81mH4h9oZDNxwAtqxeYyQy6fUYnxSS07bzvjjJE",[],[],[373,375,377],{"label":350,"path":351,"description":352,"coverImage":374,"latinName":343},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":354,"path":355,"description":356,"coverImage":376,"latinName":343},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"label":358,"path":359,"description":360,"coverImage":378,"latinName":343},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",[380,386,391,394,399,404,405,411,417,423,426,431],{"title":381,"description":382,"path":383,"coverImage":384,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png","01.05.2026",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":392,"description":393,"path":355,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.",{"title":395,"description":396,"path":397,"coverImage":398,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":400,"description":401,"path":402,"coverImage":403,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":5,"description":328,"path":345,"coverImage":327,"publishedAt":346,"order":343},{"title":406,"description":407,"path":408,"coverImage":409,"publishedAt":410,"order":343},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":416,"order":343},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":422,"order":343},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":424,"description":425,"path":359,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.",{"title":427,"description":428,"path":429,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":436,"order":343},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",[438,443,449,455,460,466,472,478,479,484,489,494,499,505,511,516,521,526,532,533,534,539,544,545,550,551,556,561,566,571,572,577,582,587,588,589,595,601,607,612,617,623,628,633,638,643,648,653,658,659,664,669,675,680,681,682,688,694,695,700,705,710,715,719,724,729,731,737,743,749,755],{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":444,"description":445,"path":446,"coverImage":447,"publishedAt":448,"order":343},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":450,"description":451,"path":452,"coverImage":453,"publishedAt":454,"order":343},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":456,"description":457,"path":458,"coverImage":459,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":461,"description":462,"path":463,"coverImage":464,"publishedAt":465,"order":343},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":467,"description":468,"path":469,"coverImage":470,"publishedAt":471,"order":343},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":473,"description":474,"path":475,"coverImage":476,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":381,"description":382,"path":383,"coverImage":384,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":465,"order":343},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":490,"description":491,"path":492,"coverImage":493,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":500,"description":501,"path":502,"coverImage":503,"publishedAt":504,"order":343},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":510,"order":343},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":512,"description":513,"path":514,"coverImage":515,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":517,"description":518,"path":519,"coverImage":520,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":531,"order":343},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":387,"description":388,"path":389,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":392,"description":393,"path":355,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":535,"description":536,"path":537,"coverImage":538,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":540,"description":541,"path":542,"coverImage":543,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":395,"description":396,"path":397,"coverImage":398,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":546,"description":547,"path":548,"coverImage":549,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":400,"description":401,"path":402,"coverImage":403,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":552,"description":553,"path":554,"coverImage":555,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":557,"description":558,"path":559,"coverImage":560,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":562,"description":563,"path":564,"coverImage":565,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":5,"description":328,"path":345,"coverImage":327,"publishedAt":346,"order":343},{"title":573,"description":574,"path":575,"coverImage":576,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":578,"description":579,"path":580,"coverImage":581,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":583,"description":584,"path":585,"coverImage":586,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":406,"description":407,"path":408,"coverImage":409,"publishedAt":410,"order":343},{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":416,"order":343},{"title":590,"description":591,"path":592,"coverImage":593,"publishedAt":594,"order":343},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":600,"order":343},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":602,"description":603,"path":604,"coverImage":605,"publishedAt":606,"order":343},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":622,"order":343},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":465,"order":343},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":634,"description":635,"path":636,"coverImage":637,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":639,"description":640,"path":641,"coverImage":642,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":644,"description":645,"path":646,"coverImage":647,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":649,"description":650,"path":651,"coverImage":652,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":422,"order":343},{"title":660,"description":661,"path":662,"coverImage":663,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":665,"description":666,"path":667,"coverImage":668,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":670,"description":671,"path":672,"coverImage":673,"publishedAt":674,"order":343},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":676,"description":677,"path":678,"coverImage":679,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":424,"description":425,"path":359,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":427,"description":428,"path":429,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},{"title":683,"description":684,"path":685,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":687,"order":343},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":689,"description":690,"path":691,"coverImage":692,"publishedAt":693,"order":343},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":436,"order":343},{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":699,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":701,"description":702,"path":703,"coverImage":704,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":706,"description":707,"path":708,"coverImage":709,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":711,"description":712,"path":713,"coverImage":714,"publishedAt":477,"order":343},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":716,"description":717,"path":718,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":385,"order":343},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":720,"description":721,"path":722,"coverImage":723,"publishedAt":385,"order":347},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":725,"description":726,"path":727,"coverImage":728,"publishedAt":385,"order":309},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":350,"description":730,"path":351,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":385,"order":316},"Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.",{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":385,"order":736},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":738,"description":739,"path":740,"coverImage":741,"publishedAt":385,"order":742},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":744,"description":745,"path":746,"coverImage":747,"publishedAt":385,"order":748},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":750,"description":751,"path":752,"coverImage":753,"publishedAt":385,"order":754},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":756,"description":757,"path":758,"coverImage":759,"publishedAt":385,"order":760},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769],{"title":720,"description":721,"path":722,"coverImage":723,"publishedAt":385,"order":347},{"title":725,"description":726,"path":727,"coverImage":728,"publishedAt":385,"order":309},{"title":350,"description":730,"path":351,"coverImage":374,"publishedAt":385,"order":316},{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":385,"order":736},{"title":738,"description":739,"path":740,"coverImage":741,"publishedAt":385,"order":742},{"title":744,"description":745,"path":746,"coverImage":747,"publishedAt":385,"order":748},{"title":750,"description":751,"path":752,"coverImage":753,"publishedAt":385,"order":754},{"title":756,"description":757,"path":758,"coverImage":759,"publishedAt":385,"order":760},1787125891772]