[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":588},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya":163,"section-listing:disabled":187,"related-covers:en:":188,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya|\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay|\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik":189,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya":196,"section-collection:atlas_en":255,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":579},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":157,"description":158,"extension":159,"faq":160,"imagePrompt":161,"meta":162,"navigation":163,"order":160,"pageType":164,"path":165,"publishedAt":166,"readingMinutes":167,"region":160,"relatedLinks":168,"seo":181,"sitemap":184,"stem":185,"updatedAt":160,"__hash__":186},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.md","Butterflies of India",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":143},"minimark",[9,14,23,27,32,52,55,59,62,84,87,91,94,98,107,111,119,123],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"butterflies-of-india-overview","Butterflies of India: overview",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"India is one of the world's leaders in butterfly species diversity. About ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"1,500 species of day-flying butterflies"," are recorded here (of ~20,000 worldwide), roughly 7.5% of global fauna. The country includes two of the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats and the Himalayas.",[10,24,26],{"id":25},"key-regions","Key regions",[28,29,31],"h3",{"id":30},"western-ghats","Western Ghats",[15,33,34,35,38,39,42,43,47,48,51],{},"The mountain chain along India's west coast is ",[19,36,37],{},"one of the richest butterfly regions in Asia",". High endemism: dozens of species occur only here. Large ",[19,40,41],{},"birdwings"," (",[44,45,46],"em",{},"Troides minos",", ",[44,49,50],{},"Troides aeacus","), numerous swallowtails, and tropical nymphalids occur here.",[15,53,54],{},"Tropical forests of Kerala and Karnataka are the best observation sites from June through September (the monsoon creates peak diversity).",[28,56,58],{"id":57},"himalayas","Himalayas",[15,60,61],{},"The long mountain barrier creates several altitudinal belts with different faunas:",[63,64,65,72,78],"ul",{},[66,67,68,71],"li",{},[19,69,70],{},"Foothills (up to 1,500 m)"," — tropical fauna, swallowtails, nymphalids",[66,73,74,77],{},[19,75,76],{},"Mid-montane belt (1,500–3,000 m)"," — temperate species, admirals, fritillaries",[66,79,80,83],{},[19,81,82],{},"Subalpine belt (3,000–5,000 m)"," — apollos, mountain sulphurs, arctic fritillaries",[15,85,86],{},"Northern Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh are a mecca for lepidopterists: hundreds of species in a small area.",[28,88,90],{"id":89},"northeast-india","Northeast India",[15,92,93],{},"The states of Meghalaya, Manipur, and Nagaland are a transition zone between Indian and Indochinese faunas. Species rare even for Asia occur here, including several endemics.",[10,95,97],{"id":96},"protected-species","Protected species",[15,99,100,101,42,104,106],{},"India protects butterflies by law. The ",[19,102,103],{},"Southern Birdwing",[44,105,46],{},") is a specially protected species listed on CITES (Appendix II). Trade without a permit is prohibited.",[10,108,110],{"id":109},"butterflies-in-culture","Butterflies in culture",[15,112,113,114,42,116,118],{},"In Indian culture, butterflies symbolize transformation and living in the moment. The ",[19,115,103],{},[44,117,46],{},") is the official symbol of Maharashtra state.",[10,120,122],{"id":121},"observation-season","Observation season",[63,124,125,131,137],{},[66,126,127,130],{},[19,128,129],{},"Western Ghats:"," June–September (peak) and February–April",[66,132,133,136],{},[19,134,135],{},"Himalayas:"," May–September",[66,138,139,142],{},[19,140,141],{},"South India:"," year-round, peak after monsoons (October–December)",{"title":144,"searchDepth":145,"depth":145,"links":146},"",2,[147,148,154,155,156],{"id":12,"depth":145,"text":13},{"id":25,"depth":145,"text":26,"children":149},[150,152,153],{"id":30,"depth":151,"text":31},3,{"id":57,"depth":151,"text":58},{"id":89,"depth":151,"text":90},{"id":96,"depth":145,"text":97},{"id":109,"depth":145,"text":110},{"id":121,"depth":145,"text":122},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","md",null,"Photorealistic nature photo, Golden Birdwing Troides aeacus on tropical flowers in Western Ghats rainforest, India, lush green jungle, 16:9",{},true,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","01.05.2026",1,[169,173,177],{"label":170,"path":171,"description":172},"Asia","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","Overview of butterflies of Asia",{"label":174,"path":175,"description":176},"China","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","Butterflies of China",{"label":178,"path":179,"description":180},"Endemic","\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik","Endemic species of India",{"title":182,"description":183},"Butterflies of India — 1,500+ Species, Himalayas and Western Ghats","Butterfly atlas of India: 1,500+ day-flying species. Western Ghats — a global biodiversity center, Himalayas, birdwings, rare swallowtails.",{"loc":165},"atlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","tq4WOZ6dV-hIqbwrTlESkwRiL4tmdx-DZb10Dpr1hvg",[],[],[190,192,194],{"label":170,"path":171,"description":172,"coverImage":191,"latinName":160},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"label":174,"path":175,"description":176,"coverImage":193,"latinName":160},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"label":178,"path":179,"description":180,"coverImage":195,"latinName":160},"\u002Fimages\u002Fslovar\u002Fendemik.jpg",[197,199,200,205,210,215,221,227,233,239,244,249],{"title":176,"description":198,"path":175,"coverImage":193,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.",{"title":5,"description":158,"path":165,"coverImage":157,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":206,"description":207,"path":208,"coverImage":209,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":211,"description":212,"path":213,"coverImage":214,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":216,"description":217,"path":218,"coverImage":219,"publishedAt":220,"order":160},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":222,"description":223,"path":224,"coverImage":225,"publishedAt":226,"order":160},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":228,"description":229,"path":230,"coverImage":231,"publishedAt":232,"order":160},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":238,"order":160},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":245,"description":246,"path":247,"coverImage":248,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":250,"description":251,"path":252,"coverImage":253,"publishedAt":254,"order":160},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",[256,261,267,273,278,284,290,296,297,302,307,312,317,323,329,334,339,344,350,351,352,357,362,363,368,369,374,379,384,389,390,395,400,405,406,407,413,419,425,430,435,441,446,451,456,461,466,471,476,477,482,487,493,498,499,500,506,512,513,518,523,528,533,537,542,547,549,555,561,567,573],{"title":257,"description":258,"path":259,"coverImage":260,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":262,"description":263,"path":264,"coverImage":265,"publishedAt":266,"order":160},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":268,"description":269,"path":270,"coverImage":271,"publishedAt":272,"order":160},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":274,"description":275,"path":276,"coverImage":277,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":279,"description":280,"path":281,"coverImage":282,"publishedAt":283,"order":160},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":285,"description":286,"path":287,"coverImage":288,"publishedAt":289,"order":160},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":291,"description":292,"path":293,"coverImage":294,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":176,"description":198,"path":175,"coverImage":193,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":298,"description":299,"path":300,"coverImage":301,"publishedAt":283,"order":160},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":303,"description":304,"path":305,"coverImage":306,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":308,"description":309,"path":310,"coverImage":311,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":313,"description":314,"path":315,"coverImage":316,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":318,"description":319,"path":320,"coverImage":321,"publishedAt":322,"order":160},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":324,"description":325,"path":326,"coverImage":327,"publishedAt":328,"order":160},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":330,"description":331,"path":332,"coverImage":333,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":335,"description":336,"path":337,"coverImage":338,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":340,"description":341,"path":342,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":345,"description":346,"path":347,"coverImage":348,"publishedAt":349,"order":160},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":5,"description":158,"path":165,"coverImage":157,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":201,"description":202,"path":203,"coverImage":204,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":353,"description":354,"path":355,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":358,"description":359,"path":360,"coverImage":361,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":206,"description":207,"path":208,"coverImage":209,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":364,"description":365,"path":366,"coverImage":367,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":211,"description":212,"path":213,"coverImage":214,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":370,"description":371,"path":372,"coverImage":373,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":375,"description":376,"path":377,"coverImage":378,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":380,"description":381,"path":382,"coverImage":383,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":385,"description":386,"path":387,"coverImage":388,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":216,"description":217,"path":218,"coverImage":219,"publishedAt":220,"order":160},{"title":391,"description":392,"path":393,"coverImage":394,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":396,"description":397,"path":398,"coverImage":399,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":401,"description":402,"path":403,"coverImage":404,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":222,"description":223,"path":224,"coverImage":225,"publishedAt":226,"order":160},{"title":228,"description":229,"path":230,"coverImage":231,"publishedAt":232,"order":160},{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":412,"order":160},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":418,"order":160},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":420,"description":421,"path":422,"coverImage":423,"publishedAt":424,"order":160},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":426,"description":427,"path":428,"coverImage":429,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":431,"description":432,"path":433,"coverImage":434,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":436,"description":437,"path":438,"coverImage":439,"publishedAt":440,"order":160},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":442,"description":443,"path":444,"coverImage":445,"publishedAt":283,"order":160},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":447,"description":448,"path":449,"coverImage":450,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":452,"description":453,"path":454,"coverImage":455,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":457,"description":458,"path":459,"coverImage":460,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":462,"description":463,"path":464,"coverImage":465,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":467,"description":468,"path":469,"coverImage":470,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":472,"description":473,"path":474,"coverImage":475,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":234,"description":235,"path":236,"coverImage":237,"publishedAt":238,"order":160},{"title":478,"description":479,"path":480,"coverImage":481,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":483,"description":484,"path":485,"coverImage":486,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":488,"description":489,"path":490,"coverImage":491,"publishedAt":492,"order":160},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":494,"description":495,"path":496,"coverImage":497,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":240,"description":241,"path":242,"coverImage":243,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":245,"description":246,"path":247,"coverImage":248,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":505,"order":160},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":507,"description":508,"path":509,"coverImage":510,"publishedAt":511,"order":160},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":250,"description":251,"path":252,"coverImage":253,"publishedAt":254,"order":160},{"title":514,"description":515,"path":516,"coverImage":517,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":519,"description":520,"path":521,"coverImage":522,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":524,"description":525,"path":526,"coverImage":527,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":529,"description":530,"path":531,"coverImage":532,"publishedAt":295,"order":160},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":534,"description":535,"path":536,"coverImage":160,"publishedAt":166,"order":160},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":538,"description":539,"path":540,"coverImage":541,"publishedAt":166,"order":167},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":543,"description":544,"path":545,"coverImage":546,"publishedAt":166,"order":145},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":170,"description":548,"path":171,"coverImage":191,"publishedAt":166,"order":151},"Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.",{"title":550,"description":551,"path":552,"coverImage":553,"publishedAt":166,"order":554},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":556,"description":557,"path":558,"coverImage":559,"publishedAt":166,"order":560},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":562,"description":563,"path":564,"coverImage":565,"publishedAt":166,"order":566},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":166,"order":572},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":166,"order":578},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587],{"title":538,"description":539,"path":540,"coverImage":541,"publishedAt":166,"order":167},{"title":543,"description":544,"path":545,"coverImage":546,"publishedAt":166,"order":145},{"title":170,"description":548,"path":171,"coverImage":191,"publishedAt":166,"order":151},{"title":550,"description":551,"path":552,"coverImage":553,"publishedAt":166,"order":554},{"title":556,"description":557,"path":558,"coverImage":559,"publishedAt":166,"order":560},{"title":562,"description":563,"path":564,"coverImage":565,"publishedAt":166,"order":566},{"title":568,"description":569,"path":570,"coverImage":571,"publishedAt":166,"order":572},{"title":574,"description":575,"path":576,"coverImage":577,"publishedAt":166,"order":578},1787125891736]