[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":782},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya":358,"section-listing:disabled":387,"related-covers:en:":388,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya|\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral":389,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya":399,"section-collection:atlas_en":410,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":773},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":343,"description":344,"extension":345,"faq":346,"imagePrompt":356,"meta":357,"navigation":358,"order":359,"pageType":360,"path":361,"publishedAt":362,"readingMinutes":363,"region":359,"relatedLinks":364,"seo":381,"sitemap":384,"stem":385,"updatedAt":359,"__hash__":386},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.md","Butterflies of New Zealand",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":320},"minimark",[9,14,23,26,30,37,45,49,58,77,92,99,109,117,120,130,143,152,156,159,168,177,184,190,194,201,223,226,230,236,246,252,258,262,273,280,284,291,299,302,306],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"new-zealand-a-tiny-fauna-all-its-own","New Zealand: a tiny fauna, all its own",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"New Zealand is famously anomalous in its biodiversity: a landmass the size of Great Britain that split away from Gondwana 80 million years ago and drifted in isolation across the southern Pacific. The consequences for butterflies are stark. With only approximately ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"20 native species",", New Zealand has one of the smallest national butterfly faunas in the temperate world — fewer species than a single productive forest patch in Ecuador or Papua New Guinea.",[15,24,25],{},"Yet what New Zealand lacks in quantity it partly compensates for in exclusivity. Almost all its native species are endemic — found nowhere else on Earth. They have evolved in isolation from close relatives in Australia and beyond, diverging into distinct species shaped by New Zealand's particular landscapes, plants, and climate.",[10,27,29],{"id":28},"why-so-few-species","Why so few species?",[15,31,32,33,36],{},"New Zealand's butterfly poverty is a direct consequence of geography. For a butterfly species to establish in New Zealand, it must cross at least ",[19,34,35],{},"2,000 km of open ocean"," from Australia — a feat achievable only by chance wind dispersal during storms. In tens of millions of years, only a small number of colonisation events succeeded, and each founding population subsequently evolved in isolation.",[15,38,39,40,44],{},"The absence of large tropical forests, the dominance of conifers and southern beeches (",[41,42,43],"em",{},"Nothofagus",") in the native flora, and the country's cool temperate climate further limit butterfly diversity. Most butterfly lineages are tropical in origin and cannot establish in a cool, isolated island system.",[10,46,48],{"id":47},"native-species","Native species",[50,51,53,54,57],"h3",{"id":52},"red-admiral-vanessa-gonerilla","Red Admiral (",[41,55,56],{},"Vanessa gonerilla",")",[15,59,60,61,64,65,68,69,72,73,76],{},"The ",[19,62,63],{},"New Zealand Red Admiral"," — ",[41,66,67],{},"kākāhū"," in Māori — is the most visible and beloved butterfly in the country. Its vivid pattern of red-orange bands on black wings makes it unmistakable. It is endemic to New Zealand, distinct from the European Red Admiral (",[41,70,71],{},"V. atalanta",") and the Indian Red Admiral (",[41,74,75],{},"V. indica",") despite superficial similarity.",[15,78,79,80,83,84,87,88,91],{},"The species depends entirely on native stinging nettles (",[41,81,82],{},"Urtica ferox",", ",[41,85,86],{},"U. incisa",", and ",[41,89,90],{},"U. linearifolia",") as larval host plants. Where these nettles grow — in disturbed bush margins, forest clearings, and stream banks — the Red Admiral can be common and approachable. Adults feed on nectar from a wide variety of flowers and are regular visitors to garden buddleia.",[50,93,95,96,57],{"id":94},"yellow-admiral-vanessa-itea","Yellow Admiral (",[41,97,98],{},"Vanessa itea",[15,100,60,101,104,105,108],{},[19,102,103],{},"Yellow Admiral"," shares the ",[41,106,107],{},"Vanessa"," genus with its red relative and overlaps with it in most habitats. Its colouring is more muted — warm amber-orange replacing the vivid red — and it is generally less conspicuous. Like the Red Admiral, it uses native nettles as larval host plants and is found throughout both main islands.",[50,110,112,113,116],{"id":111},"copper-butterflies-lycaena-spp","Copper butterflies (",[41,114,115],{},"Lycaena"," spp.)",[15,118,119],{},"New Zealand's four or five copper species (taxonomy under ongoing revision) form the most ecologically diverse group in the native fauna. They are all endemic and range from coastal dunes to subalpine grasslands:",[15,121,122,125,126,129],{},[19,123,124],{},"Boulder Copper"," (",[41,127,128],{},"Lycaena boldenarum",") — a small, energetic species of coastal and lowland rocky habitats; males vigorously defend patches of sunlit ground.",[15,131,132,125,135,138,139,142],{},[19,133,134],{},"Common Copper",[41,136,137],{},"Lycaena salustius",") — the most widespread; found in grasslands and scrubland throughout the country; larva feeds on native ",[41,140,141],{},"Muehlenbeckia"," and dock species.",[15,144,145,125,148,151],{},[19,146,147],{},"Rauparaha's Copper",[41,149,150],{},"Lycaena rauparaha",") — confined to the South Island; named for the famous rangatira (chief); a high-country species found above 800 m.",[50,153,155],{"id":154},"blues","Blues",[15,157,158],{},"New Zealand has two native blue butterfly species, both small and easily overlooked:",[15,160,161,125,164,167],{},[19,162,163],{},"Common Blue",[41,165,166],{},"Zizina labradus",") — actually shared with Australia; one of the few non-endemic natives; found in lawns, grasslands, and roadsides; larva feeds on various clovers and trefoils.",[15,169,170,125,173,176],{},[19,171,172],{},"Long-tailed Blue",[41,174,175],{},"Lampides boeticus",") — an occasional migrant from Australia rather than a resident; recorded sporadically in northern New Zealand.",[50,178,180,181,57],{"id":179},"blue-moon-hypolimnas-bolina","Blue Moon (",[41,182,183],{},"Hypolimnas bolina",[15,185,60,186,189],{},[19,187,188],{},"Blue Moon"," is a large, striking nymphalid — males have vivid iridescent-blue wing patches — that reaches New Zealand from the Pacific Islands and Australia. It is more a periodic colonist than a permanent resident. In recent decades it has been recorded occasionally in the upper North Island, particularly during warm La Niña years that bring northerly winds from tropical Polynesia.",[10,191,193],{"id":192},"introduced-species","Introduced species",[15,195,196,197,200],{},"Alongside the naturalised Monarch (",[41,198,199],{},"Danaus plexippus","), several Australian species have occasionally been recorded as vagrants in New Zealand following storms:",[202,203,204,214],"ul",{},[205,206,207,125,210,213],"li",{},[19,208,209],{},"Cabbage White",[41,211,212],{},"Pieris rapae",") — introduced accidentally in the 1930s; now the commonest butterfly in agricultural New Zealand.",[205,215,216,125,219,222],{},[19,217,218],{},"Painted Lady",[41,220,221],{},"Vanessa cardui",") — occasional migrant; not established.",[15,224,225],{},"The Cabbage White, while technically not native, is now the most frequently seen butterfly in New Zealand gardens and farmland.",[10,227,229],{"id":228},"best-observation-sites","Best observation sites",[15,231,232,235],{},[19,233,234],{},"Abel Tasman National Park"," (South Island, Nelson region) — coastal bush with good Red and Yellow Admiral populations; warm and sheltered microclimate.",[15,237,238,241,242,245],{},[19,239,240],{},"Tongariro National Park"," (North Island) — volcanic plateau and subalpine scrub; copper butterflies and Red Admirals common around ",[41,243,244],{},"Urtica"," patches near streams.",[15,247,248,251],{},[19,249,250],{},"Banks Peninsula"," (South Island, near Christchurch) — coastal hills with native bush remnants; accessible coppers and admirals; good for the Common Blue in grassland edges.",[15,253,254,257],{},[19,255,256],{},"Fiordland National Park"," (South Island) — remote but rich in butterflies where the forest meets the fiord edges; Yellow Admirals particularly common.",[10,259,261],{"id":260},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,263,264,265,268,269,272],{},"New Zealand's butterfly season is concentrated in ",[19,266,267],{},"October–April"," (austral spring and summer). The warmest and most productive months are ",[19,270,271],{},"December–February",", when all species are active and adults are at their freshest. Red Admirals are among the last butterflies active in autumn (March–April) and the first to reappear in spring (September) after overwintering as adults in sheltered positions.",[15,274,275,276,279],{},"Copper butterflies have their peak in ",[19,277,278],{},"November–January","; Blue Admirals tend to have two broods per year in the North Island (spring and late summer). In the South Island the season is shorter and restricted mainly to December–February.",[10,281,283],{"id":282},"conservation","Conservation",[15,285,286,287,290],{},"Despite the small number of native species, New Zealand's butterfly fauna faces real threats. The primary concern is ",[19,288,289],{},"habitat loss",": native stinging nettles — the sole larval host of both admirals — are regarded as weeds and are routinely cleared from roadsides, reserves, and gardens. The loss of native bush fragments reduces populations of all endemic species.",[15,292,60,293,295,296,298],{},[19,294,124],{}," and ",[19,297,147],{}," have restricted ranges and are considered at risk from habitat modification and introduced mammalian predators (rats and mice consume pupae).",[15,300,301],{},"Conservation efforts include preserving patches of native nettle in nature reserves, public education about the value of \"weedy\" nettle patches, and targeted habitat management for copper butterfly populations on conservation land.",[10,303,305],{"id":304},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[202,307,308,311,317],{},[205,309,310],{},"New Zealand has no native swallowtails, no morphos, no skippers with tropical affinities, and no pierid species other than the introduced Cabbage White — whole families absent by accident of geography.",[205,312,313,314,316],{},"The Māori name for the Red Admiral — ",[41,315,67],{}," — means \"garment\" or \"cloak\", referring to the butterfly's wing pattern resembling a traditional woven cloak.",[205,318,319],{},"Wētā (giant insects) have far more species in New Zealand than butterflies — about 70 species of wētā vs. 20 species of butterfly — reflecting the island's ancient, pre-butterfly insect heritage.",{"title":321,"searchDepth":322,"depth":322,"links":323},"",2,[324,325,326,338,339,340,341,342],{"id":12,"depth":322,"text":13},{"id":28,"depth":322,"text":29},{"id":47,"depth":322,"text":48,"children":327},[328,331,333,335,336],{"id":52,"depth":329,"text":330},3,"Red Admiral (Vanessa gonerilla)",{"id":94,"depth":329,"text":332},"Yellow Admiral (Vanessa itea)",{"id":111,"depth":329,"text":334},"Copper butterflies (Lycaena spp.)",{"id":154,"depth":329,"text":155},{"id":179,"depth":329,"text":337},"Blue Moon (Hypolimnas bolina)",{"id":192,"depth":322,"text":193},{"id":228,"depth":322,"text":229},{"id":260,"depth":322,"text":261},{"id":282,"depth":322,"text":283},{"id":304,"depth":322,"text":305},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","md",[347,350,353],{"q":348,"a":349},"Why does New Zealand have so few butterfly species?","New Zealand separated from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana about 80 million years ago and has been an isolated oceanic island system ever since. Unlike butterflies in tropical regions, which disperse readily across land connections, New Zealand's butterflies could only arrive by long-distance wind dispersal across the Tasman Sea (about 2,000 km from Australia). Very few species made that crossing over millions of years. The result is a tiny native fauna of around 20 species.",{"q":351,"a":352},"What is New Zealand's most iconic butterfly?","The New Zealand Red Admiral (Vanessa gonerilla), known in Māori as kākāhū, is the country's most recognised butterfly. It is endemic to New Zealand and closely related to but distinct from the red admirals of Europe and North America. It has vivid red-orange bands on black wings and is found throughout the North and South Islands wherever its larval host plant — native stinging nettles (Urtica ferox and U. incisa) — grows.",{"q":354,"a":355},"Is the monarch butterfly native to New Zealand?","No. The Monarch (Danaus plexippus) is not native to New Zealand but has been established there since the 1840s–1860s, when it arrived naturally from Australia (which had itself received it from North America). It is now common and widespread, particularly in the North Island. New Zealand monarchs do not perform the spectacular migrations seen in North America; populations are largely sedentary year-round.","Photorealistic nature photo, New Zealand Red Admiral butterfly Vanessa gonerilla with vivid red-orange and black wings perched on native flax flower Phormium tenax, lush green New Zealand bush background, soft overcast light, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","11.07.2026",1,[365,369,373,377],{"label":366,"path":367,"description":368},"Australia and Oceania","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","Overview of butterflies of Australia and Oceania",{"label":370,"path":371,"description":372},"Australia","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","Butterflies of Australia",{"label":374,"path":375,"description":376},"Monarch","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","The monarch butterfly — also naturalised in New Zealand",{"label":378,"path":379,"description":380},"Admiral","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral","Admiral butterflies — close relatives of the NZ Red Admiral",{"title":382,"description":383},"Butterflies of New Zealand — 20 Native Species, Red Admiral, Copper Butterflies","New Zealand has only 20 native butterfly species but very high endemism. Red Admiral, copper butterflies, Blue Moon. Why so few species and where to find them.",{"loc":361},"atlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","LvQv4RDy5C60xQ1AWztJlqML4yG5LuVvyyM3wAok510",[],[],[390,392,394,396],{"label":366,"path":367,"description":368,"coverImage":391,"latinName":359},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",{"label":370,"path":371,"description":372,"coverImage":393,"latinName":359},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png",{"label":374,"path":375,"description":376,"coverImage":395,"latinName":199},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh.jpg",{"label":378,"path":379,"description":380,"coverImage":397,"latinName":398},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fadmiral.jpg","Vanessa atalanta",[400,403,404],{"title":372,"description":401,"path":371,"coverImage":393,"publishedAt":402,"order":359},"Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","07.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":344,"path":361,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":362,"order":359},{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":409,"order":359},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",[411,417,423,424,429,435,441,447,452,457,462,467,472,478,484,489,494,499,505,510,515,520,525,530,535,540,545,550,555,560,566,571,576,581,587,593,594,600,606,611,616,617,622,627,632,637,642,647,652,658,663,668,674,679,684,689,695,701,707,712,717,722,727,731,736,741,746,752,758,764,767],{"title":412,"description":413,"path":414,"coverImage":415,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png","01.05.2026",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":422,"order":359},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":372,"description":401,"path":371,"coverImage":393,"publishedAt":402,"order":359},{"title":425,"description":426,"path":427,"coverImage":428,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":430,"description":431,"path":432,"coverImage":433,"publishedAt":434,"order":359},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":436,"description":437,"path":438,"coverImage":439,"publishedAt":440,"order":359},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":442,"description":443,"path":444,"coverImage":445,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":434,"order":359},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":458,"description":459,"path":460,"coverImage":461,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":463,"description":464,"path":465,"coverImage":466,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":468,"description":469,"path":470,"coverImage":471,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":473,"description":474,"path":475,"coverImage":476,"publishedAt":477,"order":359},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":479,"description":480,"path":481,"coverImage":482,"publishedAt":483,"order":359},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":485,"description":486,"path":487,"coverImage":488,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":490,"description":491,"path":492,"coverImage":493,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":500,"description":501,"path":502,"coverImage":503,"publishedAt":504,"order":359},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":511,"description":512,"path":513,"coverImage":514,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":516,"description":517,"path":518,"coverImage":519,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":521,"description":522,"path":523,"coverImage":524,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":526,"description":527,"path":528,"coverImage":529,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":531,"description":532,"path":533,"coverImage":534,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":536,"description":537,"path":538,"coverImage":539,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":541,"description":542,"path":543,"coverImage":544,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":546,"description":547,"path":548,"coverImage":549,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":551,"description":552,"path":553,"coverImage":554,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":556,"description":557,"path":558,"coverImage":559,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":561,"description":562,"path":563,"coverImage":564,"publishedAt":565,"order":359},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":572,"description":573,"path":574,"coverImage":575,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":577,"description":578,"path":579,"coverImage":580,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":582,"description":583,"path":584,"coverImage":585,"publishedAt":586,"order":359},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":588,"description":589,"path":590,"coverImage":591,"publishedAt":592,"order":359},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":344,"path":361,"coverImage":343,"publishedAt":362,"order":359},{"title":595,"description":596,"path":597,"coverImage":598,"publishedAt":599,"order":359},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":601,"description":602,"path":603,"coverImage":604,"publishedAt":605,"order":359},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":607,"description":608,"path":609,"coverImage":610,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":612,"description":613,"path":614,"coverImage":615,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":405,"description":406,"path":407,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":409,"order":359},{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":434,"order":359},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":623,"description":624,"path":625,"coverImage":626,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":628,"description":629,"path":630,"coverImage":631,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":633,"description":634,"path":635,"coverImage":636,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":638,"description":639,"path":640,"coverImage":641,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":643,"description":644,"path":645,"coverImage":646,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":648,"description":649,"path":650,"coverImage":651,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":653,"description":654,"path":655,"coverImage":656,"publishedAt":657,"order":359},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":659,"description":660,"path":661,"coverImage":662,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":664,"description":665,"path":666,"coverImage":667,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":669,"description":670,"path":671,"coverImage":672,"publishedAt":673,"order":359},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":675,"description":676,"path":677,"coverImage":678,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":680,"description":681,"path":682,"coverImage":683,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":685,"description":686,"path":687,"coverImage":688,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":690,"description":691,"path":692,"coverImage":693,"publishedAt":694,"order":359},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":699,"publishedAt":700,"order":359},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":706,"order":359},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":708,"description":709,"path":710,"coverImage":711,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":718,"description":719,"path":720,"coverImage":721,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":723,"description":724,"path":725,"coverImage":726,"publishedAt":446,"order":359},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":359,"publishedAt":416,"order":359},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":416,"order":363},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":416,"order":322},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":742,"description":743,"path":744,"coverImage":745,"publishedAt":416,"order":329},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"title":747,"description":748,"path":749,"coverImage":750,"publishedAt":416,"order":751},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":753,"description":754,"path":755,"coverImage":756,"publishedAt":416,"order":757},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":759,"description":760,"path":761,"coverImage":762,"publishedAt":416,"order":763},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":366,"description":765,"path":367,"coverImage":391,"publishedAt":416,"order":766},"Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.",7,{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":416,"order":772},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781],{"title":732,"description":733,"path":734,"coverImage":735,"publishedAt":416,"order":363},{"title":737,"description":738,"path":739,"coverImage":740,"publishedAt":416,"order":322},{"title":742,"description":743,"path":744,"coverImage":745,"publishedAt":416,"order":329},{"title":747,"description":748,"path":749,"coverImage":750,"publishedAt":416,"order":751},{"title":753,"description":754,"path":755,"coverImage":756,"publishedAt":416,"order":757},{"title":759,"description":760,"path":761,"coverImage":762,"publishedAt":416,"order":763},{"title":366,"description":765,"path":367,"coverImage":391,"publishedAt":416,"order":766},{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":416,"order":772},1787125891716]