[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":742},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya":320,"section-listing:disabled":345,"related-covers:en:":346,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka|\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij":347,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya":356,"section-collection:atlas_en":370,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":733},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":305,"description":306,"extension":307,"faq":308,"imagePrompt":318,"meta":319,"navigation":320,"order":321,"pageType":322,"path":323,"publishedAt":324,"readingMinutes":325,"region":321,"relatedLinks":326,"seo":339,"sitemap":342,"stem":343,"updatedAt":321,"__hash__":344},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.md","Butterflies of Australia",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":288},"minimark",[9,14,23,26,30,35,42,54,64,68,82,86,89,98,111,120,124,141,145,152,160,169,184,193,197,207,213,219,225,229,236,243,247,261,268,272],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"australia-an-isolated-butterfly-continent","Australia: an isolated butterfly continent",[15,16,17,18,22],"p",{},"Australia's long geographic isolation has shaped a butterfly fauna that is both limited in total species number and highly distinctive in composition. With approximately ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"420 species of day-flying butterflies",", Australia falls far below tropical South America or Southeast Asia in raw numbers — but it compensates with extraordinary endemism and several uniquely Australian lineages.",[15,24,25],{},"The continent's butterfly geography follows its climate zones closely: the tropical north (Queensland, Northern Territory) holds most of the diversity; the temperate south and interior arid zones have far fewer species; and Tasmania and alpine areas of the Great Dividing Range host cold-adapted forms found nowhere else.",[10,27,29],{"id":28},"queensland-the-butterfly-heartland","Queensland: the butterfly heartland",[31,32,34],"h3",{"id":33},"wet-tropics","Wet Tropics",[15,36,37,38,41],{},"The narrow strip of tropical rainforest running along the northeast Queensland coast — designated a ",[19,39,40],{},"UNESCO World Heritage Area"," — is Australia's butterfly epicentre. The Daintree Rainforest, Cape Tribulation, and the Atherton Tablelands form a mosaic of lowland, montane, and riverine habitats that supports more than half of all Australian butterfly species.",[15,43,44,45,48,49,53],{},"The ",[19,46,47],{},"Cairns Birdwing"," (",[50,51,52],"em",{},"Ornithoptera euphorion",") — Australia's largest butterfly — is the flagship species. Males patrol rainforest clearings with slow, powerful wingbeats, flashing their green-and-black wings in slanting morning light. The female, much larger at up to 160 mm wingspan, is more cryptic.",[15,55,56,57,48,60,63],{},"Equally stunning is the ",[19,58,59],{},"Ulysses butterfly",[50,61,62],{},"Papilio ulysses",") — the tourism symbol of tropical Queensland. Its electric-blue wings (a structural colour, not pigment) are visible from tens of metres away. It is attracted to blue flowers and frequently descends to eye level along rainforest edges.",[31,65,67],{"id":66},"cape-york-peninsula","Cape York Peninsula",[15,69,70,71,48,74,77,78,81],{},"The Cape York Peninsula extending to the Torres Strait is the southernmost extension of a biological corridor connecting Australia with Papua New Guinea. Several species cross via the islands, making Cape York the entry point for Indo-Pacific species rarely found further south. The ",[19,72,73],{},"Blue Triangle",[50,75,76],{},"Graphium choredon",") and various Jezebel butterflies (",[50,79,80],{},"Delias"," spp.) are common here.",[10,83,85],{"id":84},"southeast-australia","Southeast Australia",[15,87,88],{},"The temperate forests and heathlands of Victoria, New South Wales, and South Australia hold a different community dominated by browns, skippers, blues, and coppers. Notably endemic species include:",[15,90,91,48,94,97],{},[19,92,93],{},"Fiery Jewel",[50,95,96],{},"Hypochrysops ignitus",") — a small, brilliant orange lycaenid of coastal heathlands; one of the most vivid butterflies in southern Australia.",[15,99,100,48,103,106,107,110],{},[19,101,102],{},"Imperial Blue",[50,104,105],{},"Jalmenus evagoras",") — a lycaenid with a complex relationship with ants; larvae are tended by ",[50,108,109],{},"Iridomyrmex"," ants in return for secreted sugars, a classic example of myrmecophily.",[15,112,113,48,116,119],{},[19,114,115],{},"Regent Skipper",[50,117,118],{},"Euschemon rafflesia",") — the sole member of a primitive skipper subfamily (Euschemoninae) found only in Australia; a large, black-and-yellow species of Queensland rainforest.",[10,121,123],{"id":122},"alpine-species","Alpine species",[15,125,126,127,48,130,133,134,48,137,140],{},"The Australian Alps (Mount Kosciuszko area) and Tasmanian mountains support a small community of cold-adapted butterflies active only in the brief summer (December–February). The ",[19,128,129],{},"Bogong Moth",[50,131,132],{},"Agrotis infusa",") is famous for its mass alpine migrations, but butterfly equivalents include mountain copper species and the ",[19,135,136],{},"Alpine Xenica",[50,138,139],{},"Oreixenica ptunarra",") — a small grass-brown endemic to Tasmanian highland grasslands.",[10,142,144],{"id":143},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,146,147,48,149,151],{},[19,148,47],{},[50,150,52],{},") — Australia's largest butterfly; male metallic green and black, female brown and white, wingspan 120–160 mm. Endemic to north Queensland rainforest.",[15,153,154,48,157,159],{},[19,155,156],{},"Ulysses Butterfly",[50,158,62],{},") — electric blue swallowtail; the unofficial emblem of Cairns; common in rainforest edges and gardens.",[15,161,162,48,165,168],{},[19,163,164],{},"Orchard Swallowtail",[50,166,167],{},"Papilio aegeus",") — large black-and-white swallowtail of gardens and forest edges from Queensland to Victoria; one of Australia's most frequently seen large butterflies.",[15,170,171,48,174,177,178,183],{},[19,172,173],{},"Monarch",[50,175,176],{},"Danaus plexippus",") — ",[179,180,182],"a",{"href":181},"\u002Fen\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmonarh","the monarch"," is not native to Australia but has established a resident population, arriving from North America in the 19th century. It does not perform long-distance migrations in Australia as it does in the Americas.",[15,185,186,48,189,192],{},[19,187,188],{},"Common Jezebel",[50,190,191],{},"Delias nigrina",") — a colourful white-and-yellow nymphalid with vivid red underwing markings; visible in gardens and forest edges throughout eastern Australia.",[10,194,196],{"id":195},"best-observation-sites","Best observation sites",[15,198,199,202,203,206],{},[19,200,201],{},"Daintree National Park"," and ",[19,204,205],{},"Cape Tribulation"," (north Queensland) — the classic Wet Tropics destination; easily reached from Cairns. Morning hours on rainforest roads produce birdwings, Ulysses, and dozens of smaller species.",[15,208,209,212],{},[19,210,211],{},"Atherton Tablelands"," (north Queensland) — montane rainforest; cooler and with slightly different species assemblage including some upland endemics.",[15,214,215,218],{},[19,216,217],{},"Australian Butterfly Sanctuary, Kuranda"," — the largest butterfly house in Australia; living collection of 1,500+ individuals; useful for identifying species before venturing into the field.",[15,220,221,224],{},[19,222,223],{},"Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve"," (ACT, near Canberra) — excellent for temperate species; well-maintained trails through woodland and grassland.",[10,226,228],{"id":227},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,230,231,232,235],{},"In tropical Queensland butterflies fly ",[19,233,234],{},"year-round",", with peaks in the wet season (November–April) when host plants flush. The dry season (May–October) brings clearer skies and more comfortable walking conditions. Birdwings are most active in the mornings and less common at the height of the wet season.",[15,237,238,239,242],{},"In temperate southeast Australia the main season runs ",[19,240,241],{},"October–April"," (austral spring and summer). Alpine species emerge only in December–February.",[10,244,246],{"id":245},"conservation","Conservation",[15,248,249,250,48,253,256,257,260],{},"Australia's main butterfly conservation concern is habitat loss in the Wet Tropics and fragmentation of coastal heathlands. The ",[19,251,252],{},"Richmond Birdwing",[50,254,255],{},"Ornithoptera richmondia",") — found only in a small area of rainforest in southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales — is listed as vulnerable. Its decline is linked to the introduced Dutchman's Pipe vine (",[50,258,259],{},"Aristolochia elegans","), which attracts females to lay eggs but kills the larvae.",[15,262,263,264,267],{},"Community replanting programmes using native ",[50,265,266],{},"Pararistolochia"," host plants have helped stabilise some Richmond Birdwing populations.",[10,269,271],{"id":270},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[273,274,275,282,285],"ul",{},[276,277,278,279,281],"li",{},"The Regent Skipper (",[50,280,118],{},") is the only member of the subfamily Euschemoninae in the world — a lineage found nowhere outside Australia.",[276,283,284],{},"The Cairns Birdwing is the world's largest butterfly restricted to a single country.",[276,286,287],{},"Australian lycaenids (blues and coppers) show some of the most complex ant associations known in the family Lycaenidae — many larvae are parasitic on ant colonies rather than being merely tolerated by them.",{"title":289,"searchDepth":290,"depth":290,"links":291},"",2,[292,293,298,299,300,301,302,303,304],{"id":12,"depth":290,"text":13},{"id":28,"depth":290,"text":29,"children":294},[295,297],{"id":33,"depth":296,"text":34},3,{"id":66,"depth":296,"text":67},{"id":84,"depth":290,"text":85},{"id":122,"depth":290,"text":123},{"id":143,"depth":290,"text":144},{"id":195,"depth":290,"text":196},{"id":227,"depth":290,"text":228},{"id":245,"depth":290,"text":246},{"id":270,"depth":290,"text":271},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","md",[309,312,315],{"q":310,"a":311},"How many butterfly species are there in Australia?","Australia has approximately 420 recorded species of day-flying butterflies. This is relatively modest compared with tropical South American or Asian countries, but endemism is high: the majority of Australian species are found nowhere else. The richest region is tropical Queensland, which shares fauna with Papua New Guinea and the Indo-Pacific.",{"q":313,"a":314},"What is the largest butterfly in Australia?","The Cairns Birdwing (Ornithoptera euphorion) is Australia's largest butterfly, with females reaching a wingspan of up to 160 mm. It is endemic to a strip of tropical rainforest in north Queensland between Cooktown and Townsville. The male is vividly coloured — black with electric green and yellow patches — while the female is larger and more cryptically brown and white.",{"q":316,"a":317},"Where is the best place to see butterflies in Australia?","The Wet Tropics of Queensland — the rainforest belt between Cairns and Cooktown, including Daintree National Park — is the premier destination. Cape York Peninsula adds additional tropical species. For the south, the Royal Botanic Garden in Sydney and the Dandenong Ranges near Melbourne offer accessible observation of temperate species. Tasmania has several endemic alpine forms.","Photorealistic nature photo, Ulysses butterfly Papilio ulysses vivid electric blue wings spread wide on tropical flower in Daintree Rainforest Queensland Australia, lush green rainforest background, bright tropical sunlight, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","07.07.2026",1,[327,331,335],{"label":328,"path":329,"description":330},"Australia and Oceania","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","Overview of butterflies of Australia and Oceania",{"label":332,"path":333,"description":334},"Owl Butterfly","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka","Large Caligo species — tropical relative of Australian species",{"label":336,"path":337,"description":338},"Blue Morpho","\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij","Neotropical counterpart to Australia's birdwings",{"title":340,"description":341},"Butterflies of Australia — 420 Species, Birdwings, Daintree Rainforest","Australia has 420 butterfly species with high endemism. Cairns Birdwing, Ulysses butterfly, Daintree Rainforest. Best observation sites and seasonal guide.",{"loc":323},"atlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","_maM7yvzgCESKkGIVkPN_G454M3XY48_tsyB3JKsM3U",[],[],[348,350,353],{"label":328,"path":329,"description":330,"coverImage":349,"latinName":321},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",{"label":332,"path":333,"description":334,"coverImage":351,"latinName":352},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fsovinnaya-babochka.jpg","Caligo memnon",{"label":336,"path":337,"description":338,"coverImage":354,"latinName":355},"\u002Fimages\u002Fvidy-babochek\u002Fvidy\u002Fmorfo-sinij.jpg","Morpho menelaus",[357,358,364],{"title":5,"description":306,"path":323,"coverImage":305,"publishedAt":324,"order":321},{"title":359,"description":360,"path":361,"coverImage":362,"publishedAt":363,"order":321},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":369,"order":321},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",[371,377,383,384,389,395,401,407,412,417,422,427,432,438,444,449,454,459,465,470,475,480,485,490,495,500,505,510,515,520,526,531,536,541,547,553,554,560,566,571,576,577,582,587,592,597,602,607,612,618,623,628,634,639,644,649,655,661,667,672,677,682,687,691,696,701,706,712,718,724,727],{"title":372,"description":373,"path":374,"coverImage":375,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png","01.05.2026",{"title":378,"description":379,"path":380,"coverImage":381,"publishedAt":382,"order":321},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":5,"description":306,"path":323,"coverImage":305,"publishedAt":324,"order":321},{"title":385,"description":386,"path":387,"coverImage":388,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":390,"description":391,"path":392,"coverImage":393,"publishedAt":394,"order":321},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":396,"description":397,"path":398,"coverImage":399,"publishedAt":400,"order":321},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":402,"description":403,"path":404,"coverImage":405,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png","28.05.2026",{"title":408,"description":409,"path":410,"coverImage":411,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":413,"description":414,"path":415,"coverImage":416,"publishedAt":394,"order":321},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":418,"description":419,"path":420,"coverImage":421,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":428,"description":429,"path":430,"coverImage":431,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":433,"description":434,"path":435,"coverImage":436,"publishedAt":437,"order":321},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":443,"order":321},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":445,"description":446,"path":447,"coverImage":448,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":450,"description":451,"path":452,"coverImage":453,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":455,"description":456,"path":457,"coverImage":458,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":464,"order":321},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":466,"description":467,"path":468,"coverImage":469,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":476,"description":477,"path":478,"coverImage":479,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":481,"description":482,"path":483,"coverImage":484,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":491,"description":492,"path":493,"coverImage":494,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":496,"description":497,"path":498,"coverImage":499,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":511,"description":512,"path":513,"coverImage":514,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":516,"description":517,"path":518,"coverImage":519,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":521,"description":522,"path":523,"coverImage":524,"publishedAt":525,"order":321},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":532,"description":533,"path":534,"coverImage":535,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":537,"description":538,"path":539,"coverImage":540,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":542,"description":543,"path":544,"coverImage":545,"publishedAt":546,"order":321},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":548,"description":549,"path":550,"coverImage":551,"publishedAt":552,"order":321},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":359,"description":360,"path":361,"coverImage":362,"publishedAt":363,"order":321},{"title":555,"description":556,"path":557,"coverImage":558,"publishedAt":559,"order":321},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","17.07.2026",{"title":561,"description":562,"path":563,"coverImage":564,"publishedAt":565,"order":321},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":567,"description":568,"path":569,"coverImage":570,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":572,"description":573,"path":574,"coverImage":575,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":365,"description":366,"path":367,"coverImage":368,"publishedAt":369,"order":321},{"title":578,"description":579,"path":580,"coverImage":581,"publishedAt":394,"order":321},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":583,"description":584,"path":585,"coverImage":586,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":588,"description":589,"path":590,"coverImage":591,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":593,"description":594,"path":595,"coverImage":596,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":598,"description":599,"path":600,"coverImage":601,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":603,"description":604,"path":605,"coverImage":606,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":608,"description":609,"path":610,"coverImage":611,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":613,"description":614,"path":615,"coverImage":616,"publishedAt":617,"order":321},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":619,"description":620,"path":621,"coverImage":622,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":629,"description":630,"path":631,"coverImage":632,"publishedAt":633,"order":321},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":640,"description":641,"path":642,"coverImage":643,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":645,"description":646,"path":647,"coverImage":648,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":650,"description":651,"path":652,"coverImage":653,"publishedAt":654,"order":321},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",{"title":656,"description":657,"path":658,"coverImage":659,"publishedAt":660,"order":321},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":662,"description":663,"path":664,"coverImage":665,"publishedAt":666,"order":321},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":668,"description":669,"path":670,"coverImage":671,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":673,"description":674,"path":675,"coverImage":676,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":678,"description":679,"path":680,"coverImage":681,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":683,"description":684,"path":685,"coverImage":686,"publishedAt":406,"order":321},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":688,"description":689,"path":690,"coverImage":321,"publishedAt":376,"order":321},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":692,"description":693,"path":694,"coverImage":695,"publishedAt":376,"order":325},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png",{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":376,"order":290},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":376,"order":296},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":376,"order":711},"Africa","Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",4,{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":376,"order":717},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":719,"description":720,"path":721,"coverImage":722,"publishedAt":376,"order":723},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":328,"description":725,"path":329,"coverImage":349,"publishedAt":376,"order":726},"Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.",7,{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":731,"publishedAt":376,"order":732},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741],{"title":692,"description":693,"path":694,"coverImage":695,"publishedAt":376,"order":325},{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":376,"order":290},{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":376,"order":296},{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":376,"order":711},{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":376,"order":717},{"title":719,"description":720,"path":721,"coverImage":722,"publishedAt":376,"order":723},{"title":328,"description":725,"path":329,"coverImage":349,"publishedAt":376,"order":726},{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":731,"publishedAt":376,"order":732},1787125891707]