[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":784},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya":355,"section-listing:disabled":384,"related-covers:en:":385,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika|\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya|\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika|\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki":386,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika":396,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":437,"section-collection:atlas_en":482},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":340,"description":341,"extension":342,"faq":343,"imagePrompt":353,"meta":354,"navigation":355,"order":356,"pageType":357,"path":358,"publishedAt":359,"readingMinutes":360,"region":356,"relatedLinks":361,"seo":378,"sitemap":381,"stem":382,"updatedAt":356,"__hash__":383},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.md","Butterflies of Nigeria",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":327},"minimark",[9,14,18,26,30,45,57,60,64,77,80,115,119,130,134,145,188,192,200,207,216,222,228,240,244,247,264,274,278,285,295,300,304],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"nigeria-from-rainforest-to-sahel","Nigeria: from rainforest to Sahel",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, spanning a dramatic environmental gradient from the equatorial rainforests of the south to the semi-arid Sahel in the far north. This north-south transition — encompassing lowland rainforest, forest-savannah mosaic, Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah, and Sahel — creates strongly contrasting butterfly faunas across the country's 923,000 km².",[15,19,20,21,25],{},"With approximately ",[22,23,24],"strong",{},"1,000 recorded species",", Nigeria's butterfly fauna places it among the more diverse African nations, though it is overshadowed by the Congo Basin countries (Democratic Republic of Congo has over 5,000 species). The key site for exceptional diversity is the southeastern rainforest belt — the Cross River State forests — which form the western extension of the great Guinea-Congo Rainforest biodiversity hotspot.",[10,27,29],{"id":28},"the-african-giant-swallowtail","The African Giant Swallowtail",[15,31,32,33,36,37,40,41,44],{},"No Nigerian butterfly commands more attention than ",[22,34,35],{},"Papilio antimachus"," — the ",[22,38,39],{},"African Giant Swallowtail",". With a wingspan reaching ",[22,42,43],{},"230–250 mm"," in males, it is the largest butterfly species on the African continent and one of the largest in the world. The wings are elongated and narrow — more like a moth silhouette than a typical butterfly — and patterned in vivid russet-orange and black. Flight is strong and direct through the forest canopy, typically high above ground.",[15,46,47,48,51,52,56],{},"The species is ",[22,49,50],{},"toxic and unpalatable",", accumulating poisons from larval food plants (",[53,54,55],"em",{},"Uvariopsis"," and related Annonaceae). The bold warning pattern deters birds and other predators. Interestingly, females are dramatically smaller (100–120 mm), normally patterned, and lead completely different lives lower in the forest; they are rarely observed.",[15,58,59],{},"Papilio antimachus is found only in lowland rainforest, and is sensitive to forest disturbance — it disappears quickly from degraded and secondary forest. In Nigeria it is restricted to the southeastern states where intact lowland rainforest persists.",[10,61,63],{"id":62},"cross-river-national-park","Cross River National Park",[15,65,66,68,69,72,73,76],{},[22,67,63],{}," (3,950 km²) in the southeastern corner of Nigeria is the most important site for butterfly conservation in the country. It consists of two separate forest blocks — ",[22,70,71],{},"Oban Hills"," (in the south, near the coast) and ",[22,74,75],{},"Okwangwo"," (in the north, bordering Cameroon) — protecting some of the last undisturbed lowland and montane rainforest in West Africa.",[15,78,79],{},"The park's butterfly fauna is exceptionally rich. Highlights include:",[81,82,83,90,96,101],"ul",{},[84,85,86,89],"li",{},[22,87,88],{},"Cymothoe"," species (forest glories): brilliantly coloured medium-sized nymphalids. The males of many species have vivid structural blue, red, or yellow on the upper surface; females are brown and patterned quite differently. West Africa has the greatest Cymothoe diversity in the world, and Cross River National Park holds numerous species.",[84,91,92,95],{},[22,93,94],{},"Charaxes"," emperors: large, fast, and powerful nymphalids with spectacular undersides. Nigeria has dozens of species; the Charaxes community in Cross River is one of the most diverse in West Africa.",[84,97,98,100],{},[22,99,35],{},": reliable sightings in the Oban Hills division, where intact lowland forest remains.",[84,102,103,106,107,110,111,114],{},[22,104,105],{},"Papilio zalmoxis",": the ",[22,108,109],{},"Great Blue Swallowtail"," — a magnificent species with vivid iridescent blue-green hindwings; occurs in lowland forest alongside ",[53,112,113],{},"P. antimachus",".",[10,116,118],{"id":117},"okomu-national-park","Okomu National Park",[15,120,121,123,124,126,127,129],{},[22,122,118],{}," (181 km²) in Edo State is a small but important forest remnant 60 km west of Benin City. Despite its relatively modest size, the park holds good diversity for a West African lowland forest site, including several ",[53,125,94],{}," species, forest nymphalids, and the locally scarce ",[53,128,88],{}," glories. Okomu is more accessible than Cross River National Park from Lagos (approximately 3 hours by road) and is often the first forest butterfly site visited by observers based in southern Nigeria.",[10,131,133],{"id":132},"savannah-and-forest-savannah-mosaic","Savannah and forest-savannah mosaic",[15,135,136,137,140,141,144],{},"Central and northern Nigeria transitions through the ",[22,138,139],{},"Guinea Savannah"," and ",[22,142,143],{},"Sudan Savannah"," zones, where butterfly diversity drops significantly compared to the forest south but a distinct assemblage of savannah-adapted species takes over. These include:",[81,146,147,156,169,182],{},[84,148,149,140,152,155],{},[22,150,151],{},"Colotis",[22,153,154],{},"Belenois"," species (pierids): vivid white and orange-tipped pierids, characteristic of African savannahs and dry open habitats",[84,157,158,161,162,165,166],{},[22,159,160],{},"Junonia"," (pansies): several species of these vivid eyed-nymphalids are common in savannah, including the brilliant ",[53,163,164],{},"Junonia orithya"," (blue pansy) and ",[53,167,168],{},"Junonia oenone",[84,170,171,174,175,177,178,181],{},[22,172,173],{},"Acraea"," species: over 100 species of ",[53,176,173],{}," (now reclassified within ",[53,179,180],{},"Telchinia",") occur across Africa; Nigeria's savannah zone has many, often in large numbers",[84,183,184,187],{},[22,185,186],{},"Danaus chrysippus"," (African Monarch or Plain Tiger): one of Africa's most abundant and widespread butterflies; toxic; mimicry model for numerous other species",[10,189,191],{"id":190},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,193,194,196,197,199],{},[22,195,39],{}," (",[53,198,35],{},") — Africa's largest butterfly; toxic; male wingspan 230–250 mm; lowland rainforest only.",[15,201,202,196,204,206],{},[22,203,109],{},[53,205,105],{},") — vivid blue-green hindwings; large; lowland forest; one of Africa's most spectacular swallowtails.",[15,208,209,196,212,215],{},[22,210,211],{},"Forest Queen",[53,213,214],{},"Euxanthe wakefieldii",") — large nymphalid; black-and-white pattern with yellow patch; lowland and riverine forest; wide African distribution.",[15,217,218,221],{},[22,219,220],{},"Charaxes castor"," (Giant Charaxes) — the largest Charaxes in Africa; wingspan up to 110 mm; vivid orange-brown above; powerful flight.",[15,223,224,227],{},[22,225,226],{},"Cymothoe beckeri"," — typical West African forest glory; male with vivid red-orange upper surface; dependent on specific forest Flacourtiaceae host plants.",[15,229,230,196,233,235,236,239],{},[22,231,232],{},"African Monarch",[53,234,186],{},") — orange-and-black; widespread throughout Nigeria; larval host ",[53,237,238],{},"Calotropis"," (milkweed relatives); mimicry hub species.",[10,241,243],{"id":242},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,245,246],{},"Nigeria's butterfly season reflects its north-south climatic gradient:",[15,248,249,252,253,256,257,140,260,263],{},[22,250,251],{},"South (rainforest zone)",": butterflies are present ",[22,254,255],{},"year-round"," but peak activity follows the two rainy seasons (",[22,258,259],{},"April–July",[22,261,262],{},"September–November","). The short dry season in August (the \"August break\") often brings sunny days and good puddling activity at stream banks. The main dry season (December–February) reduces some forest activity but the forest itself remains lush.",[15,265,266,269,270,273],{},[22,267,268],{},"Central and north (savannah and Sahel)",": peak diversity occurs at the ",[22,271,272],{},"end of the rainy season (September–October)"," when vegetation is at its most lush and nectar is abundant. The dry season (November–May in the far north) sees dramatic reduction in species activity; some species aestivate or migrate southward.",[10,275,277],{"id":276},"conservation","Conservation",[15,279,280,281,284],{},"Nigeria's butterfly conservation faces severe pressure from ",[22,282,283],{},"habitat loss",". The country has lost the vast majority of its original forest cover — estimates suggest less than 10% of original lowland forest remains, concentrated in Cross River State and Edo State. Rapid population growth, agricultural expansion (oil palm, rubber, cassava), illegal logging, and charcoal production continue to reduce remaining forest fragments.",[15,286,287,288,290,291,294],{},"The African Giant Swallowtail (",[53,289,35],{},") is protected under Nigerian law and listed on ",[22,292,293],{},"CITES Appendix II",", but enforcement in remote forest areas is difficult.",[15,296,297,299],{},[22,298,63],{}," represents the most important single site for forest butterfly conservation in Nigeria. Increasing ecotourism — including butterfly observation — has been proposed as a way to generate local economic alternatives to forest clearance, with some positive results in park buffer zones.",[10,301,303],{"id":302},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[81,305,306,311,318],{},[84,307,308,310],{},[53,309,35],{}," was first described to Western science by the botanist Robert Brown in 1806 from a specimen collected on the West African coast; its enormous size so surprised naturalists that early reports were treated with scepticism.",[84,312,313,314,317],{},"Nigeria's forest zone is part of the ",[22,315,316],{},"Upper Guinea forests",", a biodiversity hotspot separated from the Congo rainforests by the Dahomey Gap — a savannah corridor that has acted as a biogeographical barrier for millions of years, isolating West African from Central African forest species and driving distinct speciation patterns.",[84,319,320,321,323,324,326],{},"The genus ",[53,322,88],{}," (forest glories) reaches its maximum diversity in the Guinea-Congo rainforest zone; West Africa alone has more ",[53,325,88],{}," species than any other part of the world, and Cross River State is near the centre of this diversity.",{"title":328,"searchDepth":329,"depth":329,"links":330},"",2,[331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339],{"id":12,"depth":329,"text":13},{"id":28,"depth":329,"text":29},{"id":62,"depth":329,"text":63},{"id":117,"depth":329,"text":118},{"id":132,"depth":329,"text":133},{"id":190,"depth":329,"text":191},{"id":242,"depth":329,"text":243},{"id":276,"depth":329,"text":277},{"id":302,"depth":329,"text":303},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","md",[344,347,350],{"q":345,"a":346},"What is the largest butterfly in Africa?","The African Giant Swallowtail (Papilio antimachus) holds the record as the largest butterfly species on the African continent and the largest non-moth Lepidoptera in Africa. Males have a wingspan reaching 230–250 mm — rivalling the birdwings of New Guinea. Remarkably, only males are large; females are much smaller (around 100–120 mm). The species is toxic and unpalatable, and its bold black-and-orange pattern is believed to serve as warning colouration. It is found only in lowland rainforests of West and Central Africa.",{"q":348,"a":349},"How many butterfly species are in Nigeria?","Nigeria has approximately 1,000 recorded species of day-flying butterflies. The greatest diversity is concentrated in the southeastern rainforests (Cross River State, Akwa Ibom), which form part of the Guinea-Congo Rainforest biodiversity hotspot. Diversity decreases significantly northward into the Guinea savannah, Sahel, and semi-arid zones. The northern states of Sokoto, Kano, and Yobe have far fewer species, dominated by migratory Pierids and common Nymphalids.",{"q":351,"a":352},"Where is the best place to see butterflies in Nigeria?","Cross River National Park (Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria) is the premier butterfly observation site in the country. The park protects one of the last significant blocks of lowland rainforest in West Africa, and its diversity of Charaxes emperors, Cymothoe forest glories, swallowtails, and the rare African Giant Swallowtail is unmatched in Nigeria. Okomu National Park (Edo State) is more accessible from Lagos and also holds good lowland forest butterfly diversity.","Photorealistic nature photo, Papilio antimachus African Giant Swallowtail butterfly with elongated black and orange wings flying through Nigerian rainforest, dappled light through dense tropical canopy, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","17.07.2026",1,[362,366,370,374],{"label":363,"path":364,"description":365},"Africa","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","Overview of butterflies of Africa",{"label":367,"path":368,"description":369},"Kenya","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","Butterflies of Kenya — East African diversity",{"label":371,"path":372,"description":373},"South Africa","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","Butterflies of South Africa",{"label":375,"path":376,"description":377},"Swallowtails","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki","Family Papilionidae — African swallowtails",{"title":379,"description":380},"Butterflies of Nigeria — 1,000 Species, African Giant Swallowtail, Cross River","Nigeria butterfly atlas: 1,000 species including the African Giant Swallowtail. Cross River National Park, forest glories, Charaxes emperors. Observation guide.",{"loc":358},"atlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","_foc88yi6AG60SWA_rca148CL6NFrV7nhSKSbG1kZak",[],[],[387,389,391,393],{"label":363,"path":364,"description":365,"coverImage":388,"latinName":356},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",{"label":367,"path":368,"description":369,"coverImage":390,"latinName":356},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png",{"label":371,"path":372,"description":373,"coverImage":392,"latinName":356},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"label":375,"path":376,"description":377,"coverImage":394,"latinName":395},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki.png","Papilionidae",[397,403,409,413,418,423,424,426,431],{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":402,"order":356},"Butterflies of Cameroon","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","19.07.2026",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":406,"coverImage":407,"publishedAt":408,"order":356},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":410,"description":411,"path":368,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","28.05.2026",{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":419,"description":420,"path":421,"coverImage":422,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":5,"description":341,"path":358,"coverImage":340,"publishedAt":359,"order":356},{"title":373,"description":425,"path":372,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.",{"title":427,"description":428,"path":429,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":436,"order":356},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",[438,444,449,455,458,464,470,476],{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":443,"order":360},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",{"title":445,"description":446,"path":447,"coverImage":448,"publishedAt":443,"order":329},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":450,"description":451,"path":452,"coverImage":453,"publishedAt":443,"order":454},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",3,{"title":363,"description":456,"path":364,"coverImage":388,"publishedAt":443,"order":457},"Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.",4,{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":443,"order":463},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":443,"order":469},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":443,"order":475},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":477,"description":478,"path":479,"coverImage":480,"publishedAt":443,"order":481},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[483,488,494,500,505,511,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,548,549,554,559,564,570,575,580,585,590,595,600,605,606,611,616,617,623,628,629,634,640,646,652,653,659,664,669,675,680,685,690,695,700,701,706,712,717,722,728,729,734,739,740,746,752,757,762,767,772,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783],{"title":484,"description":485,"path":486,"coverImage":487,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":489,"description":490,"path":491,"coverImage":492,"publishedAt":493,"order":356},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":495,"description":496,"path":497,"coverImage":498,"publishedAt":499,"order":356},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":501,"description":502,"path":503,"coverImage":504,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":506,"description":507,"path":508,"coverImage":509,"publishedAt":510,"order":356},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":398,"description":399,"path":400,"coverImage":401,"publishedAt":402,"order":356},{"title":513,"description":514,"path":515,"coverImage":516,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png",{"title":518,"description":519,"path":520,"coverImage":521,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":523,"description":524,"path":525,"coverImage":526,"publishedAt":510,"order":356},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":528,"description":529,"path":530,"coverImage":531,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":533,"description":534,"path":535,"coverImage":536,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":538,"description":539,"path":540,"coverImage":541,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":543,"description":544,"path":545,"coverImage":546,"publishedAt":547,"order":356},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":404,"description":405,"path":406,"coverImage":407,"publishedAt":408,"order":356},{"title":550,"description":551,"path":552,"coverImage":553,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":555,"description":556,"path":557,"coverImage":558,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":560,"description":561,"path":562,"coverImage":563,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":565,"description":566,"path":567,"coverImage":568,"publishedAt":569,"order":356},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":571,"description":572,"path":573,"coverImage":574,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":576,"description":577,"path":578,"coverImage":579,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":581,"description":582,"path":583,"coverImage":584,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":586,"description":587,"path":588,"coverImage":589,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":591,"description":592,"path":593,"coverImage":594,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":596,"description":597,"path":598,"coverImage":599,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":601,"description":602,"path":603,"coverImage":604,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":410,"description":411,"path":368,"coverImage":390,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},{"title":607,"description":608,"path":609,"coverImage":610,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":612,"description":613,"path":614,"coverImage":615,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":414,"description":415,"path":416,"coverImage":417,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},{"title":618,"description":619,"path":620,"coverImage":621,"publishedAt":622,"order":356},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":624,"description":625,"path":626,"coverImage":627,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":419,"description":420,"path":421,"coverImage":422,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},{"title":630,"description":631,"path":632,"coverImage":633,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":635,"description":636,"path":637,"coverImage":638,"publishedAt":639,"order":356},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":641,"description":642,"path":643,"coverImage":644,"publishedAt":645,"order":356},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":647,"description":648,"path":649,"coverImage":650,"publishedAt":651,"order":356},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":5,"description":341,"path":358,"coverImage":340,"publishedAt":359,"order":356},{"title":654,"description":655,"path":656,"coverImage":657,"publishedAt":658,"order":356},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":660,"description":661,"path":662,"coverImage":663,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":665,"description":666,"path":667,"coverImage":668,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":670,"description":671,"path":672,"coverImage":673,"publishedAt":674,"order":356},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":676,"description":677,"path":678,"coverImage":679,"publishedAt":510,"order":356},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":681,"description":682,"path":683,"coverImage":684,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":686,"description":687,"path":688,"coverImage":689,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":696,"description":697,"path":698,"coverImage":699,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":373,"description":425,"path":372,"coverImage":392,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":711,"order":356},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":713,"description":714,"path":715,"coverImage":716,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":718,"description":719,"path":720,"coverImage":721,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":723,"description":724,"path":725,"coverImage":726,"publishedAt":727,"order":356},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":427,"description":428,"path":429,"coverImage":430,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},{"title":730,"description":731,"path":732,"coverImage":733,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":735,"description":736,"path":737,"coverImage":738,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":432,"description":433,"path":434,"coverImage":435,"publishedAt":436,"order":356},{"title":741,"description":742,"path":743,"coverImage":744,"publishedAt":745,"order":356},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":747,"description":748,"path":749,"coverImage":750,"publishedAt":751,"order":356},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":753,"description":754,"path":755,"coverImage":756,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":758,"description":759,"path":760,"coverImage":761,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":763,"description":764,"path":765,"coverImage":766,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":412,"order":356},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":773,"description":774,"path":775,"coverImage":356,"publishedAt":443,"order":356},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":441,"coverImage":442,"publishedAt":443,"order":360},{"title":445,"description":446,"path":447,"coverImage":448,"publishedAt":443,"order":329},{"title":450,"description":451,"path":452,"coverImage":453,"publishedAt":443,"order":454},{"title":363,"description":456,"path":364,"coverImage":388,"publishedAt":443,"order":457},{"title":459,"description":460,"path":461,"coverImage":462,"publishedAt":443,"order":463},{"title":465,"description":466,"path":467,"coverImage":468,"publishedAt":443,"order":469},{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":443,"order":475},{"title":477,"description":478,"path":479,"coverImage":480,"publishedAt":443,"order":481},1787125891466]