[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":805},["ShallowReactive",2],{"atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun":3,"alt-locale:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun":375,"section-listing:disabled":404,"related-covers:en:":405,"related-covers:en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika|\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya|\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo|\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki":406,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika":414,"section-listing:atlas_en:\u002Fatlas":458,"section-collection:atlas_en":503},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"coverImage":360,"description":361,"extension":362,"faq":363,"imagePrompt":373,"meta":374,"navigation":375,"order":376,"pageType":377,"path":378,"publishedAt":379,"readingMinutes":380,"region":376,"relatedLinks":381,"seo":398,"sitemap":401,"stem":402,"updatedAt":376,"__hash__":403},"atlas_en\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.md","Butterflies of Cameroon",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":346},"minimark",[9,14,27,34,38,49,68,72,77,80,117,121,127,130,154,161,165,179,183,190,229,233,242,253,261,270,279,288,292,302,309,313,316,319,322,326],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"africa-in-miniature","Africa in miniature",[15,16,17,18,22,23,26],"p",{},"Cameroon's nickname — \"Africa in miniature\" — reflects one of the most compressed environmental gradients on the continent. Within its 475,000 km², the country transitions from the Atlantic coast and mangrove estuaries, through lowland rainforest, montane cloud forest, forest-savannah mosaic, Guinea savannah, and eventually to the semi-arid Sahel at the northern border with Chad. Each zone has its own butterfly fauna, and the country sits precisely at the junction between the ",[19,20,21],"strong",{},"West African"," and ",[19,24,25],{},"Central African"," faunal provinces — the meeting point of two of the continent's great butterfly regions.",[15,28,29,30,33],{},"With approximately ",[19,31,32],{},"900–1,000 recorded species",", Cameroon ranks among the most butterfly-diverse countries in Africa. This figure continues to rise as surveys penetrate previously unexplored areas of the eastern and northern forests.",[10,35,37],{"id":36},"the-west-central-african-junction","The West-Central African junction",[15,39,40,41,44,45,48],{},"The biogeographic position of Cameroon is its defining characteristic for butterflies. To the west and north lie the ",[19,42,43],{},"Upper Guinea forests"," and the savannah corridors that separate them from the Congo Basin; to the south and east, the country merges into the vast ",[19,46,47],{},"Congo Rainforest"," — the largest tropical forest in Africa and the second largest on Earth after the Amazon.",[15,50,51,52,56,57,56,60,63,64,67],{},"Many butterfly genera — particularly ",[53,54,55],"em",{},"Cymothoe",", ",[53,58,59],{},"Charaxes",[53,61,62],{},"Euphaedra",", and various ",[53,65,66],{},"Papilio"," — reach their maximum diversity at this junction. Species from both the West African and Congo Basin lineages co-occur in Cameroonian forests, making comprehensive species lists exceptionally long.",[10,69,71],{"id":70},"korup-national-park","Korup National Park",[15,73,74,76],{},[19,75,71],{}," (1,260 km²) in the southwestern corner of Cameroon is among the most biodiverse nature reserves in Africa and arguably the single most important site for butterfly study in the country. Its forests have never experienced the major climatic disruptions that affected other African forest regions during Ice Age drying events, providing continuity that supported unique and ancient lineages.",[15,78,79],{},"Key highlights:",[81,82,83,90,96,102,112],"ul",{},[84,85,86,89],"li",{},[19,87,88],{},"Cymothoe forest glories",": the genus reaches exceptional diversity in Korup, with a dozen or more species co-occurring. Males of different species display brilliant red, orange, blue, or yellow upper surfaces; females are dramatically different. Korup holds several species found nowhere else.",[84,91,92,95],{},[19,93,94],{},"Charaxes emperors",": large, powerful, fast-flying nymphalids with spectacular wing undersides. Korup's Charaxes community is one of the most diverse in Africa; baiting with fermenting fruit at forest clearings is a standard survey technique.",[84,97,98,101],{},[19,99,100],{},"Papilio antimachus"," (African Giant Swallowtail): the largest butterfly in Africa; wingspan up to 250 mm in males. Reliable sightings in Korup's intact lowland forest.",[84,103,104,107,108,111],{},[19,105,106],{},"Papilio zalmoxis"," (Great Blue Swallowtail): magnificent iridescent blue-green hindwings; co-occurs with ",[53,109,110],{},"antimachus"," in lowland forest.",[84,113,114,116],{},[19,115,62],{}," species (forest nymphs): a rich and complex genus of medium-sized forest nymphalids; Korup holds exceptional diversity.",[10,118,120],{"id":119},"mount-cameroon-and-the-volcanic-chain","Mount Cameroon and the volcanic chain",[15,122,123,126],{},[19,124,125],{},"Mount Cameroon"," (4,095 m) is the highest peak in West and Central Africa and an active volcano — the last major eruption was in 2000. Its slopes span an enormous altitudinal range and create a transition from coastal rainforest at sea level through montane cloud forest to afroalpine heath above 3,000 m.",[15,128,129],{},"The montane butterfly fauna on Mount Cameroon includes several species found only in this highland chain:",[81,131,132,138,144,147],{},[84,133,134,135,137],{},"High-altitude ",[53,136,59],{}," species restricted to the upper montane zone",[84,139,140,141,143],{},"Montane ",[53,142,55],{}," species separate from their lowland relatives",[84,145,146],{},"Alpine-zone satyrs and blues associated with afromontane grasslands",[84,148,149,150,153],{},"Species shared with the ",[19,151,152],{},"Cameroon Highlands"," (Bamenda Highlands, Bamboutos Mountains) to the north, which form part of the same volcanic chain",[15,155,156,157,160],{},"The Cameroon Highlands are considered a separate ",[19,158,159],{},"biodiversity hotspot"," within Africa, with high levels of endemism for birds, plants, frogs, and butterflies alike.",[10,162,164],{"id":163},"dja-faunal-reserve","Dja Faunal Reserve",[15,166,167,168,170,171,56,173,175,176,178],{},"The ",[19,169,164],{}," (UNESCO World Heritage Site, 5,260 km²) in south-central Cameroon protects a large block of lowland Congo Basin rainforest. Almost entirely surrounded by the Dja River, it is one of Africa's largest and best-protected rainforest areas. Its butterfly fauna, though less surveyed than Korup, includes the full complement of Congo Basin lowland species — large ",[53,172,59],{},[53,174,55],{},", forest ",[53,177,66],{},", and the diverse lycaenid communities that typify the Congo understorey.",[10,180,182],{"id":181},"savannah-and-transition-zones","Savannah and transition zones",[15,184,185,186,189],{},"Northern and central Cameroon transitions through the ",[19,187,188],{},"Adamawa Plateau"," and Guinea savannah into the Sahel. This zone has a completely different butterfly community from the forest south:",[81,191,192,201,207,213,219],{},[84,193,194,22,197,200],{},[19,195,196],{},"Belenois",[19,198,199],{},"Colotis"," pierids — vivid white and orange-tipped species, characteristic of African savannah",[84,202,203,206],{},[19,204,205],{},"Junonia"," pansies — several vivid species common in open habitats",[84,208,209,212],{},[19,210,211],{},"Acraea\u002FTelchinia"," — dozens of species of these often-abundant, often-toxic nymphalids",[84,214,215,218],{},[19,216,217],{},"Danaus chrysippus"," (African Monarch) — widespread throughout the savannah and Sahel",[84,220,221,222,56,225,228],{},"Migratory pierids (",[53,223,224],{},"Catopsilia",[53,226,227],{},"Eurema",") that move through Cameroon in large numbers during the dry-to-wet season transition",[10,230,232],{"id":231},"iconic-species","Iconic species",[15,234,235,238,239,241],{},[19,236,237],{},"African Giant Swallowtail"," (",[53,240,100],{},") — Africa's largest butterfly; male wingspan 230–250 mm; toxic; lowland rainforest only; reliable at Korup.",[15,243,244,238,247,249,250,252],{},[19,245,246],{},"Great Blue Swallowtail",[53,248,106],{},") — large; brilliant iridescent blue-green hindwings; lowland forest alongside ",[53,251,110],{},".",[15,254,255,238,258,260],{},[19,256,257],{},"Forest Glory",[53,259,55],{}," spp.) — multiple species; males with vivid structural colours; indicator species for intact forest.",[15,262,263,238,266,269],{},[19,264,265],{},"Giant Charaxes",[53,267,268],{},"Charaxes castor",") — largest Charaxes in Africa; wingspan to 110 mm; vivid orange above; baits readily.",[15,271,272,238,275,278],{},[19,273,274],{},"African Forest Queen",[53,276,277],{},"Euxanthe wakefieldii",") — large black-and-white nymphalid; lowland riverine forest.",[15,280,281,238,284,287],{},[19,282,283],{},"Sapho Longwing",[53,285,286],{},"Graphium almansor",") — large Graphium swallowtail with complex black-and-white pattern; forest interior.",[10,289,291],{"id":290},"observation-season","Observation season",[15,293,294,295,22,298,301],{},"The equatorial south (Korup, Dja) has two rainy seasons — ",[19,296,297],{},"March–June",[19,299,300],{},"September–November"," — with butterfly activity peaking at the start of each wet season when new growth provides larval host plants and adults emerge in numbers. The shorter dry season in July–August often brings sunny days and good observation conditions at river sandbars.",[15,303,304,305,308],{},"The Cameroon Highlands are best visited in the ",[19,306,307],{},"dry season (November–March)"," when mountain paths are accessible. Montane species are most active on warm, sunny days following clear nights.",[10,310,312],{"id":311},"conservation","Conservation",[15,314,315],{},"Cameroon faces severe forest loss pressures: oil palm expansion (particularly along the southern coast and border areas), industrial logging concessions, and subsistence agriculture are the primary drivers. The southern lowland forests — the most butterfly-diverse zone — are under the greatest pressure.",[15,317,318],{},"Korup National Park is relatively well-protected by Central African standards, but is surrounded by communities that historically depended on forest products. Buffer zone management and community forestry programmes are ongoing.",[15,320,321],{},"The Democratic Republic of Congo border area in eastern Cameroon has seen increased mining and agricultural encroachment, threatening the corridor that connects Cameroonian forest to the Congo Basin core.",[10,323,325],{"id":324},"interesting-facts","Interesting facts",[81,327,328,331,340,343],{},[84,329,330],{},"Cameroon's Mount Cameroon is one of only a handful of places in Africa where you can walk from sea-level tropical rainforest to afroalpine heath in a single day — producing an extreme butterfly turnover with altitude",[84,332,333,334,336,337,339],{},"The genus ",[53,335,55],{}," (forest glories) is one of the most speciose butterfly genera in Africa; the highest concentrations of ",[53,338,55],{}," diversity in the world are found in the lowland forests of Cameroon and adjacent Congo Basin",[84,341,342],{},"Several new butterfly species continue to be described from Cameroon forests each year; comprehensive surveys of the eastern border regions remain incomplete",[84,344,345],{},"Cameroon was the base for Alfred Russel Wallace's West African collecting expedition (1862–1863), one of the first systematic natural history surveys of the country",{"title":347,"searchDepth":348,"depth":348,"links":349},"",2,[350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359],{"id":12,"depth":348,"text":13},{"id":36,"depth":348,"text":37},{"id":70,"depth":348,"text":71},{"id":119,"depth":348,"text":120},{"id":163,"depth":348,"text":164},{"id":181,"depth":348,"text":182},{"id":231,"depth":348,"text":232},{"id":290,"depth":348,"text":291},{"id":311,"depth":348,"text":312},{"id":324,"depth":348,"text":325},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun.png","Cameroon — Africa in miniature: mangroves, Sahel scrub, Congo rainforest. Around 900-1,000 species at the junction of West and Central Africa.","md",[364,367,370],{"q":365,"a":366},"How many butterfly species are in Cameroon?","Cameroon has approximately 900–1,000 recorded butterfly species, making it one of the most diverse countries in Africa for Lepidoptera. The figure is complicated by ongoing taxonomic work — many species in the genus Cymothoe, Charaxes, and various lycaenids are still being described or revised. The highest diversity is concentrated in the southern and western lowland rainforests, particularly Korup National Park and the forests bordering the Congo Basin.",{"q":368,"a":369},"What is Korup National Park famous for?","Korup National Park in southwestern Cameroon protects one of the oldest and most diverse rainforests in Africa — estimated to have been continuously forested for over 60 million years without major climate disruption. Its butterfly fauna is exceptionally rich, with hundreds of species recorded including numerous Cymothoe forest glories, Charaxes emperors, Papilio swallowtails including the African Giant Swallowtail (Papilio antimachus), and a large range of forest lycaenids and pierids that are almost impossible to find elsewhere in West Africa.",{"q":371,"a":372},"Are there montane butterflies in Cameroon?","Yes. The Cameroon Highlands — including Mount Cameroon (4,095 m, the highest peak in West and Central Africa) and the Bamenda Highlands — harbour a distinct afromontane butterfly fauna. Several species are endemic or near-endemic to this mountain chain, including certain Cymothoe and high-altitude Charaxes. The isolation of these montane habitats has driven speciation; the Cameroon Highlands are considered a centre of afromontane endemism for butterflies as well as birds and plants.","Photorealistic nature photo, large colourful swallowtail butterfly on flowering tree in dense Cameroon rainforest, Korup National Park setting, dappled tropical light through multilayered canopy, 16:9",{},true,null,"atlas","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","19.07.2026",1,[382,386,390,394],{"label":383,"path":384,"description":385},"Africa","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika","Overview of butterflies of Africa",{"label":387,"path":388,"description":389},"Nigeria","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya","Butterflies of Nigeria — neighbouring West African fauna",{"label":391,"path":392,"description":393},"DR Congo","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fdr-kongo","Congo Basin — highest butterfly diversity in Africa",{"label":395,"path":396,"description":397},"Swallowtails","\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki","Family Papilionidae — African swallowtails",{"title":399,"description":400},"Butterflies of Cameroon — 1,000 Species, Korup, Mount Cameroon","Cameroon butterfly atlas: 900–1,000 species at the junction of West and Central African faunas. Korup rainforest, Cameroon Highlands, Cymothoe, Charaxes, African Giant Swallowtail.",{"loc":378},"atlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkamerun","qTQqyNa7jdenhVUHTc3eei_tkbZm-dSs2qqiNCJV1Tc",[],[],[407,409,411],{"label":383,"path":384,"description":385,"coverImage":408,"latinName":376},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika.png",{"label":387,"path":388,"description":389,"coverImage":410,"latinName":376},"\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fnigeriya.png",{"label":395,"path":396,"description":397,"coverImage":412,"latinName":413},"\u002Fimages\u002Fsemeystva\u002Fparusniki.png","Papilionidae",[415,416,422,428,433,438,442,447,452],{"title":5,"description":361,"path":378,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":379,"order":376},{"title":417,"description":418,"path":419,"coverImage":420,"publishedAt":421,"order":376},"Butterflies of Ethiopia","Ethiopia's altitudinal range, from the Danakil Depression to the Simien Mountains, supports around 650–700 butterfly species, including Afromontane endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fetiopia.png","21.07.2026",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Kenya","Kenya is an African leader in butterfly tourism. More than 800 day-flying species in savannas, mountain forests, and coastal mangroves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fkeniya.png","28.05.2026",{"title":429,"description":430,"path":431,"coverImage":432,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Madagascar","Madagascar is an island of endemics with a unique butterfly fauna. About 300 day-flying species, most found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmadagaskar.png",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Morocco","Morocco is the gateway to Africa for European entomologists, with about 200 species: Atlas mountain species, Mediterranean migrants, and Saharan specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fmarokko.png",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":388,"coverImage":410,"publishedAt":441,"order":376},"Butterflies of Nigeria","Nigeria is home to about 1,000 butterfly species, including the African Giant Swallowtail — Africa's largest. Cross River rainforest is a key hotspot.","17.07.2026",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of South Africa","South Africa is Africa's most studied country in entomology. More than 660 day-flying species and a unique fauna of the Cape Floristic Region.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fyuzhnaya-afrika.png",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Tanzania","Tanzania — land of Kilimanjaro and tropical forests. More than 750 day-flying species in mountains, savannas, and coastal forests of Zanzibar.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Ftanzaniya.png",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":457,"order":376},"Butterflies of Uganda","Uganda records around 1,200 butterfly species — one of Africa's highest densities, home to species found nowhere else, including the world's largest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fafrika\u002Fuganda.png","16.08.2026",[459,465,470,476,479,485,491,497],{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":464,"order":380},"Russia","Guide to butterflies of Russia: from tundra to Caucasus subtropics — more than 300 species of day-flying butterflies in the world's largest country.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya.png","01.05.2026",{"title":466,"description":467,"path":468,"coverImage":469,"publishedAt":464,"order":348},"Europe","Butterflies of Europe: about 500 day-flying species, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic. Alps, Mediterranean, islands — the continent's richest regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa.png",{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":464,"order":475},"Asia","Butterflies of Asia: from the Arctic tundra of Siberia to the tropics of Southeast Asia. The largest continent with 5,000+ species of day-flying butterflies.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya.png",3,{"title":383,"description":477,"path":384,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":464,"order":478},"Butterflies of Africa: about 3,500 day-flying species, from the Sahara to the Congo rainforests. Madagascar, East African Rift, Cape — the richest regions.",4,{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":464,"order":484},"North America","Butterflies of North America: about 800 day-flying species, monarch, swallowtails, blues. USA, Canada, Mexico — different climate zones with unique faunas.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika.png",5,{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":464,"order":490},"South America","Butterflies of South America: more than 3,500 day-flying species, Amazon, Andes. Morphos, heliconiids, ithomiids, birdwings — the richest region in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika.png",6,{"title":492,"description":493,"path":494,"coverImage":495,"publishedAt":464,"order":496},"Australia and Oceania","Butterflies of Australia and Oceania: about 400 species in Australia, Papua birdwings, unique Pacific islands. Isolated fauna with high endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya.png",7,{"title":498,"description":499,"path":500,"coverImage":501,"publishedAt":464,"order":502},"Distribution maps","How to read butterfly range maps: what they show, what shapes distribution boundaries, data sources, and how to use atlas maps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fkarty-rasprostraneniya.png",8,[504,509,515,521,526,532,533,538,543,548,553,558,563,569,570,575,580,585,591,596,601,606,611,616,621,626,627,632,637,638,644,649,650,655,661,667,673,674,680,685,690,696,701,706,711,716,721,722,727,733,738,743,749,750,755,760,761,767,773,778,783,788,793,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804],{"title":505,"description":506,"path":507,"coverImage":508,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Altai Krai and the Altai Republic","Butterflies of the Altai: mountain species, Apollo, mnemosyne, more than 150 species in steppes and alpine meadows. Best routes for observation.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Faltayskiy-kray.png",{"title":510,"description":511,"path":512,"coverImage":513,"publishedAt":514,"order":376},"Butterflies of Argentina","Argentina has about 1,400 butterfly species across varied landscapes: subtropical Misiones, Andean Yungas cloud forests, Gran Chaco, and cold Patagonia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fargentina.png","30.06.2026",{"title":516,"description":517,"path":518,"coverImage":519,"publishedAt":520,"order":376},"Butterflies of Australia","Australia has about 420 butterfly species — modest globally but with high endemism. Queensland's tropical rainforests hold most of the diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Favstraliya.png","07.07.2026",{"title":522,"description":523,"path":524,"coverImage":525,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Austria","Austria is an Alpine country with exceptionally rich mountain butterfly fauna: more than 200 species, including unique alpine species and endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Favstriya.png",{"title":527,"description":528,"path":529,"coverImage":530,"publishedAt":531,"order":376},"Butterflies of Brazil","Brazil is the world leader in butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species across Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest, with thousands of endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fbraziliya.jpg","14.06.2026",{"title":5,"description":361,"path":378,"coverImage":360,"publishedAt":379,"order":376},{"title":534,"description":535,"path":536,"coverImage":537,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Canada","Canada is a country of boreal forests and arctic tundra. About 300 day-flying butterfly species, including unique arctic and subarctic species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkanada.png",{"title":539,"description":540,"path":541,"coverImage":542,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of China","China is the world leader in butterfly species: more than 2,000 species. Yunnan Province is one of the world's richest entomological regions.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkitay.png",{"title":544,"description":545,"path":546,"coverImage":547,"publishedAt":531,"order":376},"Butterflies of Colombia","Colombia ranks third in the world for butterfly diversity: about 3,400 species, spanning Amazonia, the Andes, and a Caribbean coast on two oceans.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fkolombiya.jpg",{"title":549,"description":550,"path":551,"coverImage":552,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Costa Rica","Costa Rica is a world leader in butterfly species density. More than 1,500 species in a country smaller than Moscow Oblast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkosta-rika.png",{"title":554,"description":555,"path":556,"coverImage":557,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Crimea","Butterflies of the Crimean Peninsula: Mediterranean species, southern festoon, more than 130 day-flying butterflies on mountain yaylas and in steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-krym.png",{"title":559,"description":560,"path":561,"coverImage":562,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Cuba","Cuba is the largest Caribbean island with unique endemic butterfly fauna. About 200 day-flying species, many found nowhere else in the world.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fkuba.png",{"title":564,"description":565,"path":566,"coverImage":567,"publishedAt":568,"order":376},"Butterflies of Ecuador","Ecuador has the highest butterfly species density in the world: about 4,500 species in a country smaller than Germany, spanning Amazon and Andean forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fekvador.png","02.07.2026",{"title":417,"description":418,"path":419,"coverImage":420,"publishedAt":421,"order":376},{"title":571,"description":572,"path":573,"coverImage":574,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Finland","About 120 species of day-flying butterflies live in Finland, rich in bog and forest species, with migrants from Central Europe on the southern coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffinlyandiya.png",{"title":576,"description":577,"path":578,"coverImage":579,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of France","France has the richest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe — more than 250 species. From Pyrenean alpine meadows to Mediterranean maquis.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Ffranciya.png",{"title":581,"description":582,"path":583,"coverImage":584,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Germany","Germany is one of Europe's most studied regions in entomology. About 3,700 Lepidoptera species, including more than 180 day-flying butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgermaniya.png",{"title":586,"description":587,"path":588,"coverImage":589,"publishedAt":590,"order":376},"Butterflies of Greece","Greece records around 230 species of day-flying butterflies — one of Europe's richest faunas, where warmth meets limestone mountains and eastern elements.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fgreciya.png","02.08.2026",{"title":592,"description":593,"path":594,"coverImage":595,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of India","India ranks second in the world for butterfly species: about 1,500 day-flying species. The Western Ghats and Himalayas are global biodiversity hotspots.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findiya.png",{"title":597,"description":598,"path":599,"coverImage":600,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Indonesia","Indonesia is a world leader in birdwing species and one of the richest regions for butterfly fauna, with Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Findoneziya.png",{"title":602,"description":603,"path":604,"coverImage":605,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Irkutsk Oblast (Lake Baikal)","Butterflies of Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Oblast: Siberian species and mountain butterflies of Khamar-Daban, more than 100 species on the sacred lake's shores.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Firkutskaya-oblast.png",{"title":607,"description":608,"path":609,"coverImage":610,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Italy","Italy has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 280 day-flying species. Alps, Apennines, Sicily, and Sardinia create enormous biotope diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fitaliya.png",{"title":612,"description":613,"path":614,"coverImage":615,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Japan","Japan has exceptionally rich butterfly fauna: more than 240 day-flying species, with island-arc endemics, seasonal migrants, and unique mountain species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fyaponiya.png",{"title":617,"description":618,"path":619,"coverImage":620,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Kaliningrad Oblast: West European species on the amber coast, about 90 day-flying species, wet meadows and dunes of the Curonian Spit.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkaliningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":622,"description":623,"path":624,"coverImage":625,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Kazakhstan","Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia, with about 400 butterfly species across the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, steppes, and deserts.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fkazakstan.png",{"title":423,"description":424,"path":425,"coverImage":426,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},{"title":628,"description":629,"path":630,"coverImage":631,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai","Butterflies of Krasnodar Krai and the Black Sea coast: more than 180 species, Caucasian and subtropical species, best observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fkrasnodarskiy-kray.png",{"title":633,"description":634,"path":635,"coverImage":636,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast","Butterflies of Leningrad Oblast and Saint Petersburg: about 80 species in taiga forests, bogs, and meadows. Species, seasons, and observation sites.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fleningradskaya-oblast.png",{"title":429,"description":430,"path":431,"coverImage":432,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},{"title":639,"description":640,"path":641,"coverImage":642,"publishedAt":643,"order":376},"Butterflies of Malaysia","Malaysia harbours around 1,300 butterfly species across Peninsular Malaysia and Bornean Sabah and Sarawak. Rajah Brooke's Birdwing is the national butterfly.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmalajziya.png","13.07.2026",{"title":645,"description":646,"path":647,"coverImage":648,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Mexico","Mexico has one of the world's richest butterfly diversities: more than 2,000 species, monarch wintering grounds, and neotropical jungles of the Yucatán.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fmeksika.png",{"title":434,"description":435,"path":436,"coverImage":437,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},{"title":651,"description":652,"path":653,"coverImage":654,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Moscow Oblast","Butterfly species of Moscow Oblast: more than 120 day-flying species in forests, meadows, and river valleys. Best observation sites and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fmoskovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":656,"description":657,"path":658,"coverImage":659,"publishedAt":660,"order":376},"Butterflies of Myanmar","Myanmar lies at the crossroads of the Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese faunal zones, with an estimated 900–1,000 butterfly species — one of Asia's richest.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fmjanmar.png","14.08.2026",{"title":662,"description":663,"path":664,"coverImage":665,"publishedAt":666,"order":376},"Butterflies of Nepal","Nepal compresses an 8,700-metre altitudinal range into a narrow strip — from Terai plains to the highest peaks — producing around 650 butterfly species.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fnepalj.png","25.07.2026",{"title":668,"description":669,"path":670,"coverImage":671,"publishedAt":672,"order":376},"Butterflies of New Zealand","New Zealand has only about 20 native butterfly species — one of the smallest faunas — but endemism is high, with several found nowhere else.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fnovaya-zelandiya.png","11.07.2026",{"title":439,"description":440,"path":388,"coverImage":410,"publishedAt":441,"order":376},{"title":675,"description":676,"path":677,"coverImage":678,"publishedAt":679,"order":376},"Butterflies of Norway","Around 85 butterfly species are recorded in Norway, whose latitudinal range spans mild coasts and harsh Arctic fell, supporting boreal and Arctic specialists.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fnorvegiya.png","29.07.2026",{"title":681,"description":682,"path":683,"coverImage":684,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast (Western Siberia)","Butterflies of Novosibirsk Oblast: West Siberian species, more than 80 day-flying butterflies in forest-steppe and birch groves.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fnovosibirskaya-oblast.png",{"title":686,"description":687,"path":688,"coverImage":689,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of Panama","Panama is the isthmus between two Americas, a biological corridor for thousands of species, with more than 1,200 species on migration and speciation routes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fpanama.png",{"title":691,"description":692,"path":693,"coverImage":694,"publishedAt":695,"order":376},"Butterflies of Papua New Guinea","Papua New Guinea is home to over 800 butterfly species, including the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing, the world's largest butterfly with a 280mm wingspan.","\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Favstraliya-i-okeaniya\u002Fpapua-novaya-gvineya.png","09.07.2026",{"title":697,"description":698,"path":699,"coverImage":700,"publishedAt":531,"order":376},"Butterflies of Peru","Peru ranks second in the world for butterfly diversity: more than 3,500 species, across the Amazon basin, the Andes, and the Pacific coast.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fperu.jpg",{"title":702,"description":703,"path":704,"coverImage":705,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Poland","Poland lies at the junction of Western and Eastern European faunas, with about 160 species, including apollo, clouded apollo, and marsh fritillary.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fpolsha.png",{"title":707,"description":708,"path":709,"coverImage":710,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Primorsky Krai","Butterflies of Primorye: unique Far Eastern fauna, Maack’s swallowtail, more than 200 day-flying species in cedar–broadleaf forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fprimorskiy-kray.png",{"title":712,"description":713,"path":714,"coverImage":715,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Rostov Oblast","Butterflies of Rostov Oblast: steppe species of the Don steppes, more than 100 day-flying butterflies, unique steppe blues and ringlets.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frostovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":717,"description":718,"path":719,"coverImage":720,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Samara Oblast (Volga region)","Butterflies of Samara Oblast: forest-steppe species of the Volga, Zhiguli Mountains, more than 100 day-flying butterflies on the banks of the Volga.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsamarskaya-oblast.png",{"title":443,"description":444,"path":445,"coverImage":446,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},{"title":723,"description":724,"path":725,"coverImage":726,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Spain","Spain has the greatest day-flying butterfly diversity in Western Europe: more than 230 species, including Iberian endemics and high-mountain swallowtails.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fispaniya.png",{"title":728,"description":729,"path":730,"coverImage":731,"publishedAt":732,"order":376},"Butterflies of Sri Lanka","Sri Lanka's compact geography, split between wet southwest and dry northeast, supports around 245 butterfly species, including 25+ endemics.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fshri-lanka.png","23.07.2026",{"title":734,"description":735,"path":736,"coverImage":737,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Stavropol Krai","Butterflies of Stavropol Krai: steppe and mountain species of the Pre-Caucasus, more than 140 day-flying butterflies at the foot of the Caucasus.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fstavropolskiy-kray.png",{"title":739,"description":740,"path":741,"coverImage":742,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast (Urals)","Butterflies of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Urals: mountain and taiga species, Apollo and other protected butterflies, observation sites in the Middle Urals.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Fsverdlovskaya-oblast.png",{"title":744,"description":745,"path":746,"coverImage":747,"publishedAt":748,"order":376},"Butterflies of Sweden","Sweden records around 120 butterfly species. Its long north–south extent spans Central European fauna in the south to true Arctic specialists in Lapland.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fshveciya.png","08.08.2026",{"title":448,"description":449,"path":450,"coverImage":451,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},{"title":751,"description":752,"path":753,"coverImage":754,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Thailand","Thailand is a tropical country with more than 1,200 butterfly species. Doi Inthanon and Khao Yai are among the best observation sites in Southeast Asia.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Ftailand.png",{"title":756,"description":757,"path":758,"coverImage":759,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of Turkey","Turkey lies at the junction of Europe and Asia with rich fauna: more than 450 butterfly species. The Taurus Mountains are a unique center of endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fturtsiya.png",{"title":453,"description":454,"path":455,"coverImage":456,"publishedAt":457,"order":376},{"title":762,"description":763,"path":764,"coverImage":765,"publishedAt":766,"order":376},"Butterflies of Venezuela","Venezuela is home to about 1,500 butterfly species and world-famous for its tepuis — ancient sandstone table mountains with high levels of butterfly endemism.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fyuzhnaya-amerika\u002Fvenecuela.png","04.07.2026",{"title":768,"description":769,"path":770,"coverImage":771,"publishedAt":772,"order":376},"Butterflies of Vietnam","Vietnam is home to around 1,500 butterfly species. Its narrow S-shape spans subtropical north to equatorial south, producing exceptional habitat diversity.","\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Faziya\u002Fvetnam.png","15.07.2026",{"title":774,"description":775,"path":776,"coverImage":777,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Urals)","Butterflies of Bashkortostan: mountain and steppe species of the Southern Urals, Apollo, more than 120 species in mountains and mixed-grass steppes.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-bashkortostan.png",{"title":779,"description":780,"path":781,"coverImage":782,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of the Republic of Karelia","Butterflies of Karelia: northern taiga species, bog butterflies, about 60 day-flying species on lake shores and in pine forests.","\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Frossiya\u002Frespublika-kareliya.png",{"title":784,"description":785,"path":786,"coverImage":787,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"Butterflies of the United Kingdom","About 60 species of day-flying butterflies live in the United Kingdom — few in number, but several unique to island fauna, with a strong watching culture.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fevropa\u002Fvelikobritaniya.png",{"title":789,"description":790,"path":791,"coverImage":792,"publishedAt":427,"order":376},"Butterflies of the United States","The United States is one of the world's most studied regions for butterfly biodiversity, with more than 700 species from Alaska's tundra to Florida's swamps.","\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha","\u002Fimages\u002Fatlas\u002Fsevernaya-amerika\u002Fssha.png",{"title":794,"description":795,"path":796,"coverImage":376,"publishedAt":464,"order":376},"World Butterfly Atlas","Geographic butterfly atlas: species diversity by continent and region — from Arctic tundra to tropical forests, with ranges and flight seasons.","\u002Fatlas",{"title":460,"description":461,"path":462,"coverImage":463,"publishedAt":464,"order":380},{"title":466,"description":467,"path":468,"coverImage":469,"publishedAt":464,"order":348},{"title":471,"description":472,"path":473,"coverImage":474,"publishedAt":464,"order":475},{"title":383,"description":477,"path":384,"coverImage":408,"publishedAt":464,"order":478},{"title":480,"description":481,"path":482,"coverImage":483,"publishedAt":464,"order":484},{"title":486,"description":487,"path":488,"coverImage":489,"publishedAt":464,"order":490},{"title":492,"description":493,"path":494,"coverImage":495,"publishedAt":464,"order":496},{"title":498,"description":499,"path":500,"coverImage":501,"publishedAt":464,"order":502},1787125891423]